KS3 OCR Physics: Vocabulary Terminology Quick Reference Guide | KS3 OCR 物理：词汇术语速记指南

📚 KS3 OCR Physics: Vocabulary Terminology Quick Reference Guide | KS3 OCR 物理：词汇术语速记指南

Welcome to your bilingual KS3 OCR Physics vocabulary guide. Each key term is defined in clear English and Chinese, with a memory tip to help it stick. Whether you are revising for a test or building your science foundations, these words will help you think, speak and write like a physicist.

欢迎使用这份双语 KS3 OCR 物理词汇速记指南。每个核心术语都用简明英文和中文解释，并配有记忆小窍门。无论你是在备考还是打基础，这些词汇都能帮你像物理学家一样思考、表达和书写。

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1. Forces and Motion | 力与运动

Force – A push or pull that can change an object’s speed, direction or shape. Unit: newton (N). Tip: Remember the four big jobs of a force — push, pull, tweak and stop.

力 – 能改变物体速度、方向或形状的推或拉。单位：牛顿 (N)。记忆诀窍：力有四大作用——推、拉、扭、停。

Contact force – A force that acts only when objects touch, e.g. friction, air resistance, tension. Tip: No touch, no contact force!

接触力 – 只有物体互相接触时才存在的力，如摩擦力、空气阻力、拉力。记忆：不接触，不生效。

Non‑contact force – A force that acts at a distance, e.g. gravity, magnetic force, electrostatic force. Tip: Think of space — gravity pulls planets without touching.

非接触力 – 不需要接触就能作用的力，如引力、磁力、静电力。记忆：就像太阳隔着太空吸引地球。

Friction – A contact force that opposes motion. It can be useful (grip) or unwanted (wear). Tip: ‘Friction’ sounds like ‘fixing’ — it fixes you to the ground.

摩擦力 – 阻碍运动的接触力。既有用（防滑）也有害（磨损）。记忆：摩擦生热，就像搓手取暖。

Mass – The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms (kg). It does not change with location. Tip: Mass is ‘stuff’; weight is the pull.

质量 – 物体所含物质的多少，用于克 (kg) 衡量，不随位置改变。记忆：质量是“底子”，重量是引力。

Weight – The force of gravity on a mass. Weight (N) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (N/kg). On Earth, g ≈ 10 N/kg. Tip: Weight changes on the Moon; mass stays the same.

重量 – 质量所受的重力大小。重量 (N) = 质量 (kg) × 引力场强 (N/kg)。地球上 g≈10 N/kg。记忆：去月球体重变轻，质量不变。

Balanced forces – Forces equal in size and opposite in direction; no change in motion. Tip: A tug‑of‑war with no winner.

平衡力 – 大小相等、方向相反的力，不改变运动状态。记忆：就像势均力敌的拔河。

Unbalanced forces – A resultant force that causes acceleration, deceleration or change in direction. Tip: The net force drives the change.

非平衡力 – 产生合力的情形，导致加速、减速或转向。记忆：只要合力不为零，运动状态就会改变。

Speed – How fast something moves. Average speed (m/s) = distance (m) ÷ time (s). Tip: ‘Speed’ = dart (distance/rate/time).

速度 – 物体运动的快慢。平均速度 (m/s) = 距离 (m) ÷ 时间 (s)。记忆：速度 = 路程除以时间。

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2. Energy Stores and Transfers | 能量储存与转移

Energy – The ability to do work. Measured in joules (J). Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred. Tip: ‘Energy’ is like a currency — it changes hands but never disappears.

能量 – 做功的本领，单位为焦耳 (J)。能量不能创生也不能消灭，只能转移。记忆：能量如金钱，只在账户间流动。

Kinetic energy – Energy of motion. The faster or heavier an object, the more kinetic energy it has. Tip: K = ‘kinetic’ = ‘moving’ like a car.

动能 – 物体因运动而具有的能量。速度越快、质量越大，动能越大。记忆：动字就是运动，车跑得快动能大。

Gravitational potential energy (GPE) – Energy stored in an object because of its height. GPE = mass × g × height. Tip: The higher you are, the more ‘height–energy’ you store.

重力势能 – 物体因被举高而储存的能量。GPE = 质量 × g × 高度。记忆：站得越高，储备越多。

Thermal energy – Energy a substance has because of its temperature. Hotter objects have more thermal energy. Tip: Think of ‘thermos’ — heat in a flask.

热能 – 因温度而具有的能量。物体越热，热能越多。记忆：保暖瓶存热，thermal 像温度。

Chemical energy – Energy stored in bonds of substances like food, batteries and fuels. Released during reactions. Tip: Food = fuel for your body.

化学能 – 储存在食物、电池和燃料等物质化学键中的能量，反应时释放。记忆：吃饭就是补充化学能。

Elastic potential energy – Energy stored in stretched or compressed objects, e.g. springs, rubber bands. Tip: ‘Elastic’ snaps back.

弹性势能 – 拉伸或压缩物体储存的能量，如弹簧、橡皮筋。记忆：拉弹弓蓄能，松手释放。

Energy transfer – How energy moves: by heating, by forces (work done), by electricity or by radiation (light/sound). Tip: Four pathways — heat, work, electric, wave.

能量转移 – 能量移动的方式：加热、做功、电流或辐射（光/声）。记忆：四大通道：热、功、电、波。

Conservation of energy – Energy total stays constant in a closed system; it only changes form. Tip: Total energy in = total energy out.

能量守恒 – 封闭系统内总能量保持不变，只改变形式。记忆：输入 = 输出，永不变。

Dissipation – Energy spreading out into surroundings, often as ‘wasted’ thermal energy. Tip: Dissipate rhymes with ‘dissip‑late’ — energy gets lost late in the process.

能量耗散 – 能量散到周围环境，常表现为无用的热能。记忆：像茶凉了，热量跑到空气里。

Efficiency – Useful output energy ÷ total input energy (×100%). Tip: A 100% efficient machine wastes nothing — impossible in real life.

效率 – 有用输出能量 ÷ 总输入能量 (×100%)。记忆：100%效率意味着零浪费，现实中做不到。

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3. Electricity and Circuits | 电与电路

Current – The flow of electric charge. Measured in amperes (A). In a single loop, current is the same everywhere. Tip: Imagine a tube of moving marbles — the rate of marbles is the current.

电流 – 电荷的流动，单位为安培 (A)。串联电路中电流处处相等。记忆：就像水管里水流的速度。

Voltage (potential difference) – The push that drives current around a circuit. Measured in volts (V). Tip: Voltage is the ‘pressure’ pushing charge.

电压 (电势差) – 推动电荷流动的“推力”，单位伏特 (V)。记忆：电压就像水泵的压力。

Resistance – How much a component opposes the flow of current. Unit: ohm (Ω). Higher resistance reduces current. Tip: ‘Resistance’ resists — like a narrow pipe resists water flow.

电阻 – 阻碍电流流动的程度，单位欧姆 (Ω)。电阻越大，电流越小。记忆：电阻就是电流的“绊脚石”。

Series circuit – A single loop; components share the voltage, current is the same. If one bulb breaks, all go out. Tip: ‘Series’ = same path.

串联电路 – 单一环路；各元件共用电压，电流相同。一个灯泡坏了，全灭。记忆：一串糖葫芦，断了全散。

Parallel circuit – Multiple branches; current splits, voltage across each branch is the same. One bulb fails, others stay on. Tip: ‘Parallel’ = many paths, like parallel railway lines.

并联电路 – 多条支路；电流分流，各支路电压相同。一个灯泡坏，其他仍亮。记忆：并排轨道，互不影响。

Conductor – A material that allows charge to flow easily, e.g. metals. Tip: Copper conducts, plastic blocks.

导体 – 容易让电荷通过的材料，如金属。记忆：铜导线是电的高速公路。

Insulator – A material that does not allow charge to flow easily, e.g. plastic, rubber. Tip: Insulators keep electricity in safe paths.

绝缘体 – 阻碍电荷流动的材料，如塑料、橡胶。记忆：电线外皮就是绝缘体，保护我们。

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4. Waves: Light | 波：光

Light wave – A transverse electromagnetic wave that travels at 300 000 000 m/s in a vacuum. Tip: Light is super‑fast — you blink, it’s already around the Earth 7.5 times!

光波 – 一种横波电磁波，在真空中速度约为 3×10⁸ m/s。记忆：你一眨眼，它已绕地球七圈半。

Reflection – Bouncing of light off a surface. The angle of incidence = angle of reflection. Tip: ‘Normal’ is a line at 90° to the mirror — angles are measured from it.

反射 – 光从表面弹回。入射角 = 反射角。记忆：法线垂直于镜面，入射角等于反射角。

Refraction – Bending of light when it passes from one medium to another, due to change in speed. Tip: ‘Refract’ = light ‘fractures’ its path at boundaries.

折射 – 光从一种介质进入另一种介质时因速度改变而弯折。记忆：筷子插水看起来折断，就是折射。

Dispersion – Splitting white light into the colours of the spectrum (rainbow) using a prism. Tip: Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain — Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet.

色散 – 通过棱镜把白光分解成光谱（彩虹色）。记忆：红橙黄绿蓝靛紫。

Opaque – Does not let light through; absorbs or reflects all light. Tip: Brick wall — opaque.

不透明 – 不透光，吸收或反射全部光。记忆：砖墙，不透光。

Transparent – Allows light to pass through clearly; objects can be seen distinctly. Tip: Clear glass — transparent.

透明 – 允许光清晰通过，能看清背后物体。记忆：干净的玻璃窗，透明。

Translucent – Allows some light through but scatters it, so objects appear blurry. Tip: Frosted glass — translucent.

半透明 – 部分透光但散射光，物体模糊。记忆：磨砂玻璃，看不清。

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5. Waves: Sound | 波：声

Sound wave – A longitudinal wave caused by vibrations. Needs a medium (solid, liquid or gas) to travel. Tip: Sound cannot travel through a vacuum — in space, no one can hear you scream!

声波 – 由振动产生的纵波，需要介质（固、液、气）传播。记忆：真空中没有声音，太空喊叫无人听。

Vibration – Rapid back‑and‑forth motion of particles that produces sound. Tip: Pluck a ruler on a desk — see and hear the vibration.

振动 – 粒子的快速往复运动，产生声音。记忆：拨动尺子，边看边听。

Frequency – Number of complete vibrations per second. Unit: hertz (Hz). Higher frequency = higher pitch. Tip: Frequency = how frequent the waves come.

频率 – 每秒振动次数，单位赫兹 (Hz)。频率越高，音调越高。记忆：频率高，波来得频繁，声就尖。

Pitch – How high or low a sound seems. High pitch = short wavelength, high frequency. Tip: Think of a mouse squeak (high pitch) vs. a lion roar (low pitch).

音调 – 声音的高低。高音调对应短波长、高频率。记忆：老鼠叽叽是高音，狮子吼吼是低音。

Loudness – How strong a sound appears. Related to amplitude of the wave. Bigger amplitude = louder sound. Measured in decibels (dB). Tip: Bang a drum harder — bigger vibrations, louder sound.

响度 – 声音的强弱，与声波振幅有关。振幅越大，声音越响，单位分贝 (dB)。记忆：用力敲鼓，声音更响。

Echo – Reflection of sound that arrives at the listener after a delay. Tip: Shout in a canyon — ‘echo’ comes back.

回声 – 经过反射延迟到达人耳的声音。记忆：山谷里喊一声，回声“你好…你好…”。

Ultrasound – Sound with frequency above 20 000 Hz, beyond human hearing. Used in sonar and medical imaging. Tip: ‘Ultra’ = beyond; bats use ultrasound to ‘see’.

超声波 – 频率高于 20 000 Hz 的声波，人耳听不到，用于声呐和医学成像。记忆：蝙蝠靠超声波“看”世界。

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6. Matter and the Particle Model | 物质与粒子模型

Particle model – A simple picture that explains states of matter by imagining tiny, constantly moving particles. Tip: Particles are like millions of invisible balls.

粒子模型 – 用微小不断运动的粒子来解释物质状态的模型。记忆：物质由无数看不见的小球组成。

Solid – Particles tightly packed in a regular pattern, vibrating in fixed positions. Fixed shape and volume. Tip: Solid = stays put.

固态 – 粒子紧密排列、规则振动，有固定形状和体积。记忆：固体不流动，稳当。

Liquid – Particles close together but able to slide past each other. Fixed volume but takes shape of container. Tip: Liquid = flows like lemonade.

液态 – 粒子紧密但可相互滑动，固定体积，形状随容器。记忆：液体像果汁，倒进杯子就变杯形。

Gas – Particles far apart, moving quickly in all directions. No fixed shape or volume. Tip: Gas = free spirits, filling all space.

气态 – 粒子间距大、快速随机运动，无固定形状和体积。记忆：气体像自由小鸟，充满整个房间。

Melting – Change from solid to liquid at a specific temperature (melting point). Tip: Ice melts at 0 °C.

熔化 – 固体在特定温度（熔点）变成液体。记忆：冰在 0 °C 化成水。

Boiling – Change from liquid to gas throughout the liquid at boiling point. Tip: Bubbles of gas form inside the liquid.

沸腾 – 液体在沸点整体变为气体，内部产生气泡。记忆：水烧开时咕嘟咕嘟冒泡。

Condensation – Change from gas to liquid, often on a cold surface. Tip: Breath on a mirror — tiny water droplets form.

冷凝 – 气体变为液体，常发生在冷表面。记忆：对着镜子哈气，水雾出现。

Density – Mass per unit volume. Density = mass ÷ volume. Dense materials have heavy particles packed tight. Tip: Lead is dense; cork is not.

密度 – 单位体积的质量，密度 = 质量 ÷ 体积。记忆：铅块小而重，密度大；软木轻而浮。

Pressure in gases – Collisions of gas particles with container walls. More particles or higher temperature = higher pressure. Tip: Blow more air into a balloon — pressure rises.

气体压强 – 气体粒子碰撞容器壁产生。粒子越多、温度越高，压强越大。记忆：气球越吹越鼓，气压增大。

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7. Magnetism and Electromagnetism | 磁与电磁

Magnet – An object that produces a magnetic field, attracting materials like iron, nickel and cobalt. Tip: A magnet has two ends — north and south.

磁体 – 产生磁场的物体，能吸引铁、镍、钴。记忆：磁体总有两极：北极和南极。

Magnetic field – The region around a magnet where magnetic forces act. Field lines go from north to south. Tip: Sprinkle iron filings on paper to see the field lines.

磁场 – 磁体周围磁力作用的区域，磁感线从北极指向南极。记忆：铁屑撒在磁铁上，现出条条线路。

Attract and repel – Unlike poles attract; like poles repel. Tip: N‑S pull together; N‑N push apart — ‘opposites attract’.

吸引与排斥 – 异名极相吸，同名极相斥。记忆：N 找 S 手拉手，N 见 N 就推走。

Electromagnet – A temporary magnet made by passing current through a coil of wire around an iron core. Strength can be increased by more turns, higher current or using an iron core. Tip: Switch off the current, magnetism vanishes.

电磁铁 – 电流通过绕在铁芯上的线圈产生的临时磁体。增加线圈匝数、电流或铁芯可增强磁性。记忆：一断电，磁性立刻消失。

Permanent magnet – Always magnetic, e.g. a fridge magnet. Made of steel or special alloys. Tip: ‘Permanent’ means it stays on.

永磁体 – 永远带磁性的物体，如冰箱贴。记忆：永久就是不消失。

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8. Space Physics | 空间物理

Solar System – The Sun and everything that orbits it: eight planets, moons, asteroids and comets. Tip: My Very Easy Method Just Speeds Up Naming (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune).

太阳系 – 太阳和绕它运行的一切：八大行星、卫星、小行星和彗星。记忆：水金地火木土天海。

Orbit – The curved path of one object around another due to gravity. The Moon orbits Earth; planets orbit the Sun. Tip: Orbits are nearly circular ellipses.

轨道 – 在引力作用下物体绕另一物体运行的弯曲路径。记忆：月球绕地跑，地球绕日转。

Gravity in space – The force that keeps planets in orbit. The Sun’s huge mass creates the central force. Tip: Gravity is the invisible string of the cosmos.

空间引力 – 让行星保持在轨道的力。太阳巨大的质量提供向心力。记忆：引力是宇宙的无形绳索。

Day and night – Caused by Earth spinning on its axis once every 24 hours. The side facing the Sun has day. Tip: Spin a globe — half lit, half dark.

昼夜交替 – 地球每 24 小时自转一周，朝向太阳一面为白天。记忆：地球转圈，昼夜轮班。

Seasons – Result from Earth’s tilted axis as it orbits the Sun. When the Northern Hemisphere tilts towards the Sun, it is summer. Tip: Tilt, not distance, causes seasons.

四季 – 地球公转时地轴倾斜导致。北半球倾向太阳时是夏天。记忆：斜着身子绕太阳，冷热交替分四季。

Galaxy – A huge collection of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity. Our Solar System is in the Milky Way. Tip: A galaxy is a ‘city’ of stars.

星系 – 由引力束缚的恒星、气体和尘埃的大集合。太阳系位于银河系。记忆：银河是星星的大都市。

Universe – All of space, time, matter and energy. Tip: The biggest word of all — everything.

宇宙 – 所有的空间、时间、物质和能量。记忆：万物总称，最大范畴。

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9. Working Scientifically | 科学方法术语

Hypothesis – A testable statement that predicts an outcome. Tip: A hypothesis is a ‘guess before the test’, based on science.

假设 – 可以进行检验的预测性陈述。记忆：实验前的科学猜测。

Independent variable – The one factor you change deliberately in an experiment. Tip: ‘I change’ — Independent.

自变量 – 实验中你主动改变的那个因素。记忆：自变 = 自己变。

Dependent variable – The factor you measure or observe; it depends on the independent variable. Tip: ‘Dependent’ depends on the change.

因变量 – 你测量或观察的结果，受自变量影响。记忆：因变 = 因为自变量变才变。

Control variables – Factors kept the same to make a fair test. Tip: Everything else must be controlled.

控制变量 – 保持不变以确保公平测试的其他因素。记忆：公平实验，只变一项。

Accurate – How close a measurement is to the true value. Tip: A bullseye is accurate.

准确 –

Published by TutorHao | KS3 Physics Revision Series | aleveler.com

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