Effects of Smoking: KS3 CIE Exam Question & Mark Scheme | 吸烟的影响：KS3 CIE 考试题与评分标准

📚 Effects of Smoking: KS3 CIE Exam Question & Mark Scheme | 吸烟的影响：KS3 CIE 考试题与评分标准

Smoking is one of the most important lifestyle factors covered in the KS3 CIE Biology syllabus. This article explains the key effects of smoking on the human body, provides a realistic exam question, and breaks down a full mark scheme so you can see exactly how marks are awarded.

吸烟是 KS3 CIE 生物学大纲中最重要的生活方式因素之一。本文将解释吸烟对人体的主要影响，提供一道真实考试题，并详细拆解评分标准，让你清楚了解分数是如何给出的。

1. Why Smoking Matters in KS3 CIE Biology? | 为什么吸烟在 KS3 CIE 生物中重要？

Smoking is a classic topic because it links the gas exchange system, the circulatory system and cell biology in one real-world example. Exam questions often ask you to identify harmful substances in tobacco smoke and explain how they damage the body.

吸烟是一个经典话题，因为它将气体交换系统、循环系统和细胞生物学结合在一个实际例子中。考试题经常要求你识别烟草烟雾中的有害物质，并解释它们如何损害身体。

In CIE mark schemes, examiners look for specific scientific keywords such as ‘tar’, ‘carbon monoxide’, ‘nicotine’, ‘cilia’, ‘haemoglobin’ and ‘carcinogen’. Using these terms accurately in a sentence is often enough to pick up marks.

在 CIE 评分标准中，考官寻找特定的科学关键词，如焦油、一氧化碳、尼古丁、纤毛、血红蛋白和致癌物。在句子中准确使用这些术语通常就足以得分。

2. Harmful Chemicals in Tobacco Smoke | 烟草烟雾中的有害化学物质

Tobacco smoke contains thousands of chemicals, but for KS3 CIE you need to focus on three: nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide. Each one has a distinct target in the body and causes a distinct type of harm.

烟草烟雾含有数千种化学物质，但对于 KS3 CIE，你只需要关注三种：尼古丁、焦油和一氧化碳。每一种在体内都有不同的目标，并造成不同类型的伤害。

Nicotine is the addictive substance that acts on the nervous system. It stimulates the release of adrenaline, which increases heart rate and narrows blood vessels. Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas that binds to haemoglobin. Tar is a thick, sticky mixture that collects in the lungs and contains cancer-causing chemicals.

尼古丁是成瘾物质，作用于神经系统。它刺激肾上腺素释放，从而加快心率并使血管变窄。一氧化碳是一种

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