📚 KS3 CIE Plant Cell Structure, Photosynthesis and Respiration: Exam Question Practice | KS3 CIE 植物细胞结构、光合作用与呼吸作用：考试题练习
In KS3 CIE Biology, plant cell structure, photosynthesis and respiration are frequently assessed together. Exam questions often ask you to identify organelles, write word or symbol equations, interpret experiments and compare the two processes. This guide reviews the key ideas, common question types and worked examples to help you practise effectively.
在 KS3 CIE 生物课程中，植物细胞结构、光合作用和呼吸作用经常被放在一起考查。考试题常要求你识别细胞器、书写文字或符号方程式、解释实验并比较这两个过程。本指南回顾关键概念、常见题型和例题，帮助你有效练习。
1. Plant Cell Structure: The Basics | 植物细胞结构：基础知识
A typical plant cell contains a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, a large permanent vacuole and ribosomes. The cell wall is made of cellulose and gives the cell a fixed shape. The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell.
一个典型的植物细胞包含细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质、细胞核、叶绿体、线粒体、一个大的中央液泡和核糖体。细胞壁由纤维素组成，使细胞具有固定形状。细胞膜控制物质的进出。
The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration. The large permanent vacuole stores cell sap and helps keep the cell firm.
叶绿体含有叶绿素，能吸收光能进行光合作用。线粒体是有氧呼吸的场所。大的中央液泡储存细胞液，并帮助细胞保持坚挺。
- Cell wall – fully permeable, supports the cell | 细胞壁 – 全透性，支撑细胞
- Chloroplast – absorbs light for photosynthesis | 叶绿体 – 吸收光能进行光合作用
- Mitochondrion – releases energy by aerobic respiration | 线粒体 – 通过有氧呼吸释放能量
- Vacuole – stores water, sugars and salts | 液泡 – 储存水、糖和盐
- Nucleus – contains genetic material and controls the cell | 细胞核 – 含有遗传物质并控制细胞
2. Photosynthesis: Making Food in Plants | 光合作用：植物制造食物
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make glucose from carbon dioxide and water, using light energy absorbed by chlorophyll. Oxygen is released as a by-product. This happens mainly in the leaves, inside chloroplasts.
光合作用是绿色植物利用叶绿素吸收的光能，将二氧化碳和水转化为葡萄糖的过程。氧气作为副产物释放。这一过程主要发生在叶片的叶绿体中。
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygenPublished by TutorHao | KS3 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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