Proton Number, Nucleon Number, and Isotopes | 质子数、核子数与同位素

📚 Proton Number, Nucleon Number, and Isotopes | 质子数、核子数与同位素

Atoms are often described as the smallest particles of matter, but they are not solid or indivisible. Inside every atom there are smaller particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. To identify an element and to understand different versions of the same element, chemists use two key numbers: the proton number and the nucleon number. This article explains what these numbers mean and how they help us understand isotopes.

原子常被描述为物质的最小粒子，但原子并不是实心或不可分割的。每个原子内部都有更小的粒子：质子、中子和电子。为了识别元素并理解同一元素的不同变体，化学家使用两个关键数字：质子数和核子数。本文解释了这些数字的含义，以及它们如何帮助我们理解同位素。

1. Inside the Atom: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons | 原子内部：质子、中子和电子

Atoms contain three main subatomic particles. Protons carry a positive charge, neutrons carry no charge, and electrons carry a negative charge. Protons and neutrons are found in the dense central nucleus, while electrons move around the nucleus in shells or energy levels.

原子包含三种主要的亚原子粒子。质子带正电荷，中子不带电荷，电子带负电荷。质子和中子位于致密的中心原子核中，而电子在原子核外的电子层或能级中运动。