📚 IGCSE CAIE Psychology: Complete Syllabus Breakdown | IGCSE CAIE 心理学：课程大纲全面解析
Cambridge IGCSE Psychology is a broad introduction to the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. For CAIE candidates, the syllabus balances core psychological concepts, classic and contemporary studies, and essential research methods. This article breaks down the syllabus into manageable themes, assessment demands, and revision priorities.
剑桥 IGCSE 心理学是对行为与心理过程进行科学研究的一门基础课程。对 CAIE 考生而言，大纲在核心心理学概念、经典与当代研究以及基本研究方法之间取得平衡。本文把课程大纲拆解为可管理的主题、考试要求和复习重点。
1. Syllabus Overview and Aims | 大纲概述与目标
The CAIE IGCSE Psychology syllabus introduces learners to the scientific study of thought, emotion and behaviour. It does not assume prior psychology study. The course blends four major approaches — biological, cognitive, social and developmental — with a required research methods strand.
CAIE IGCSE 心理学课程引导学生科学地研究思维、情绪和行为，不要求此前学过心理学。课程融合四种主要取向——生物、认知、社会和发展心理学，并包含一条必修的研究方法主线。
The specification aims to develop knowledge of psychological ideas, theories, terminology and their applications; the ability to design and evaluate research; and awareness of ethical issues in psychological work.
大纲目标包括：掌握心理学观点、理论、术语及其应用；培养设计与评价研究的能力；建立心理学研究中的伦理问题意识。
Candidates are also encouraged to apply psychological concepts to everyday situations, interpret data and appreciate individual, social and cultural diversity.
课程还鼓励考生把心理学概念应用于日常情境，解释数据，并理解个体、社会与文化差异。
2. Assessment Objectives | 评估目标
Assessment objectives shape every exam question. AO1 tests knowledge and understanding of psychological theories, concepts and studies. AO2 tests application of psychology to novel scenarios and data. AO3 tests evaluation of evidence, methodology and ethics.
评估目标决定了每道题的答题要求。AO1 考查对心理学理论、概念和研究的知识与理解；AO2 考查将心理学应用于新情境和数据；AO3 考查对证据、方法和伦理的评价。
| AO | English demand | 中文要求 |
|---|---|---|
| AO1 | Recall and describe theories, concepts and studies | 回忆并描述理论、概念和研究 |
| AO2 | Apply knowledge to scenarios and interpret data | 将知识应用于情境并解释数据 |
| AO3 | Evaluate strengths, weaknesses and ethics | 评价优点、缺点与伦理问题 |
Strong answers use all three AOs proportionally, moving beyond description into analysis and balanced evaluation.
高分答案会按比例运用三项评估目标，不仅停留在描述层面，还会进入分析和平衡评价。
3. Core Content: Biological Psychology | 核心内容：生理心理学
This unit focuses on the relationship between biology and behaviour. Candidates study the nervous system, neurons, neurotransmitters and hormones, as well as how brain abnormalities can influence behaviour.
本单元关注生物学与行为之间的关系。考生学习神经系统、神经元、神经递质和激素，以及大脑异常如何影响行为。
Common topics include the central and peripheral nervous systems, the role of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, fight-or-flight responses, and brain scanning techniques like MRI and PET.
常见主题包括中枢与周围神经系统、血清素和多巴胺等神经递质的作用、战斗或逃跑反应，以及 MRI 和 PET 等脑扫描技术。
For AO3, candidates may evaluate biological methods for strengths such as objective measurement and scientific control, alongside weaknesses such as reductionism or small clinical samples.
在 AO3 层面，考生要会评价生物心理学方法：优点是测量客观、科学控制较强，缺点是还原论或临床样本较小。
4. Core Content: Cognitive Psychology | 核心内容：认知心理学
Cognitive psychology examines internal mental processes such as memory, perception and language. The syllabus typically requires understanding models of memory, forgetting, and factors affecting eyewitness testimony.
认知心理学研究记忆、知觉和语言等内部心理过程。大纲通常要求理解记忆模型、遗忘现象以及影响目击者证词的因素。
Classic studies include Bartlett’s ‘War of the Ghosts’ experiment, which demonstrated that memory is reconstructive, and Loftus and Palmer’s research showing how leading questions distort recall.
经典研究包括 Bartlett 的 ‘War of the Ghosts’ 实验，它证明了记忆的重构性；以及 Loftus 和 Palmer 的研究，表明引导性问题会扭曲回忆。
Candidates should also understand the multi-store model of memory, working memory, and explanations of forgetting such as interference and retrieval failure.
考生还应理解记忆的多存储模型、工作记忆，以及干扰和提取失败等遗忘解释。
Evaluation in this unit often considers laboratory control versus artificial tasks, and the ethical issues of exposing participants to misleading information.
本单元的评价通常关注实验室控制与任务人工性之间的权衡，以及让参与者接触误导性信息所涉及的伦理问题。
5. Core Content: Social Psychology | 核心内容：社会心理学
Social psychology explores how other people influence individual behaviour. Key areas include conformity, obedience, prosocial behaviour, aggression, and social identity.
社会心理学探讨他人如何影响个体行为，重点领域包括从众、服从、亲社会行为、攻击行为和社会认同。
Commonly studied research includes Asch’s conformity experiments, Milgram’s obedience study, Latané and Darley’s bystander intervention model, and Tajfel’s minimal group studies on prejudice.
常见研究包括 Asch 的从众实验、Milgram 的服从研究、Latané 和 Darley 的旁观者干预模型，以及 Tajfel 关于偏见的 ‘最小群体’ 研究。
Evaluation often contrasts situational explanations with dispositional explanations, and considers ethical problems such as deception, psychological harm and the right to withdraw.
评价通常将情境解释与个体差异解释进行对比，并考虑欺骗、心理伤害和退出权等伦理问题。
6. Core Content: Developmental Psychology | 核心内容：发展心理学
This unit addresses how thinking, emotion and social behaviour change across the lifespan. Topics may include attachment, cognitive development, moral development and theory of mind.
本单元讨论思维、情绪和社会行为在生命全程中的变化，主题可能包括依恋、认知发展、道德发展和心理理论。
Piaget’s stage theory, Ainsworth’s Strange Situation attachment types, and Kohlberg’s levels of moral reasoning are central examples in many CAIE courses.
Piaget 的阶段理论、Ainsworth 的 ‘陌生情境’ 依恋类型，以及 Kohlberg 的道德推理水平是许多 CAIE 课程中的核心例子。
AO3 discussion may include cultural bias, sample issues, and the balance between nature and nurture in developmental change.
AO3 讨论可能涉及
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