IGCSE Cambridge Geography: International Competition Preparation Guide | IGCSE剑桥地理：国际竞赛备战攻略

📚 IGCSE Cambridge Geography: International Competition Preparation Guide | IGCSE剑桥地理：国际竞赛备战攻略

Cambridge IGCSE Geography is a rigorous international assessment. A top grade depends not only on geographical knowledge, but also on precise skills, well-chosen case studies and exam technique.

剑桥 IGCSE 地理是一项严格的国际测评。高分不仅取决于地理知识，还取决于精准技能、精选案例和答题技巧。

1. Know the Syllabus and Assessment Structure | 吃透考纲与评估结构

Begin by downloading the latest Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 syllabus. Highlight the assessment objectives, key ideas and case study requirements so your revision is targeted.

备考第一步是下载最新剑桥 IGCSE 地理 0460 考纲，标出评估目标、核心概念和案例研究要求，使复习更有针对性。

Understanding the paper structure saves time and reduces surprises in the exam room.

理解试卷结构可以节省时间，并减少考场上的意外。

Paper	Duration	Marks	Weighting	Focus | 重点
Paper 1	1 h 45 min	75	45%	Geographical themes | 地理主题
Paper 2	1 h 30 min	60	27.5%	Geographical skills | 地理技能
Paper 4	1 h 30 min	60	27.5%	Alternative to coursework | 课程作业替代

Your revision timetable should allocate time in proportion to these weightings. Do not spend all your time on Paper 1 while ignoring the skills papers.

复习时间表应按照这些权重分配时间。不要把所有时间都花在 Paper 1 上，而忽略技能卷。

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2. Master Paper 1 Geographical Themes | 攻克 Paper 1 地理主题

Paper 1 tests three themes: population and settlement, the natural environment, and economic development. Each theme requires both knowledge and application.

Paper 1 考查三大主题：人口与聚落、自然环境、经济发展。每个主题都需要知识与应用相结合。

For population, know the demographic transition model, migration push-pull factors, and the consequences of ageing or youthful populations.

在人口部分，要掌握人口转变模型、迁移的推拉因素、老龄化或年轻型人口带来的影响。

For settlement, be able to explain urban land use models, rural-urban fringe changes, and schemes to improve squatter settlements.

在聚落部分，要能解释城市土地利用模型、城乡结合部变化，以及改善棚户区的方案。

For natural environments, revise plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, rivers, coasts, weather, climate and ecosystems. Pay attention to processes and landforms.

自然环境部分要复习板块构造、地震、火山、河流、海岸、天气、气候和生态系统，重点关注过程与地貌。

For economic development, cover indicators such as GDP per capita, HDI, employment structure, and the causes of uneven development between countries.

经济发展部分要涵盖人均 GDP、人类发展指数、就业结构等指标，以及国家之间发展不均衡的原因。

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3. Sharpen Paper 2 Geographical Skills | 提升 Paper 2 地理技能

Paper 2 is skills-based and often separates top students from the rest. Practise with past papers under timed conditions every week.

Paper 2 以技能为主，常常拉开高分差距。每周都要限时练习真题。

Expect questions on grid references, compass directions, scale, distance, gradient, cross-sections, and map symbols.

常见题型包括网格坐标、罗盘方位、比例尺、距离、坡度、剖面图和地图图例。

Use the formula for gradient:

使用坡度公式：

Gradient = vertical rise ÷ horizontal distance × 100%

Interpret photographs, satellite images, choropleth maps, pie charts, bar graphs, line graphs and scatter graphs. For each, practise describing the pattern and suggesting reasons.

要学会判读照片、卫星图、分级统计图、饼图、条形图、折线图和散点图。对每一种图，都要练习描述分布格局并提出原因。

Data-response questions may ask you to compare two locations or identify anomalies. Use data from the resource in your answer.

数据回应题可能要求你比较两个地点或找出异常值。答案必须使用题目材料中的数据。

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4. Prepare Paper 4 Alternative to Coursework | 备好 Paper 4 课程作业替代

Paper 4 asks candidates to design and evaluate a fieldwork investigation. It is not about memorising one field trip, but about understanding the enquiry process.

Paper 4 要求考生设计并评价一项实地调查。它不考查你背诵某一次考察，而是考查对探究过程的理解。

Know how to formulate hypotheses, choose sampling methods, collect data, present results, and write conclusions and evaluations.

要掌握提出假设、选择抽样方法、收集数据、呈现结果、撰写结论与评价。

Common methods include questionnaires, land use surveys, river velocity and width measurements, pebble size sampling, and recording environmental quality.

常用方法包括问卷调查、土地利用调查、河流流速与宽度测量、卵石大小采样和环境质量记录。

Be able to justify method choices. For example, systematic sampling along a transect reduces bias in coastal vegetation surveys.

要能为所选方法说明理由。例如，在海岸植被调查中，沿样线进行系统抽样可以减少偏差。

When evaluating fieldwork, comment on reliability, accuracy, sample size, timing and possible improvements.

评价实地调查时，要评论可靠性、准确性、样本量、时间安排和可能的改进方法。

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5. Build a Strong Case Study Bank | 建立强大的案例库

Case studies carry heavy marks in Paper 1 and Paper 4. You need real place-specific detail: names, numbers, dates and outcomes.

案例研究在 Paper 1 和 Paper 4 中占分很高。你需要真实的地点细节：名称、数字、日期和结果。

Choose at least one case study for each theme: an overpopulated country, an underpopulated country, an earthquake, a volcano, a river flood, a coastal erosion zone, and a development project.

每个主题至少准备一个案例：一个人口过多国家、一个人口过少国家、一次地震、一次火山喷发、一次河流洪水、一个海岸侵蚀区和一个发展项目。

For example, use the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal for tectonic hazards, including magnitude 7.8, about 9,000 deaths, and damage to schools, hospitals and roads.

例如，尼泊尔 2015 年廓尔喀地震可作为板块灾害案例，震级 7.8，约 9,000 人死亡，学校、医院和道路受损。

Store each case study on one A4 page with headings: causes, impacts, responses, and evaluation.

每个案例用一页 A4 整理，按原因、影响、应对和评价四个标题记录。

Practise writing a 7-mark case study answer in 7-8 minutes. Include at least three place-specific facts and link them to the question.

练习在 7-8 分钟内写出一道 7 分案例题答案。至少加入三个地点专属事实，并将其与题目联系起来。

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6. Decode Command Words and Mark Schemes | 破解指令词与评分标准

Cambridge uses command words such as describe, explain, compare, justify and evaluate. Each command word demands a different response.

剑桥考试常使用 describe、explain、compare、

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