IGCSE Cambridge History: Complete Syllabus Breakdown | IGCSE 剑桥历史：课程大纲全面解析

📚 IGCSE Cambridge History: Complete Syllabus Breakdown | IGCSE 剑桥历史：课程大纲全面解析

The Cambridge IGCSE History syllabus (0470) is designed to help learners build a secure understanding of modern history through key events, individuals and developments. Rather than requiring endless memorisation, the course asks students to explain causes, compare consequences, evaluate change and continuity, and use evidence critically. This makes the subject both rigorous and highly relevant to later study in history, law, politics and international relations.

剑桥 IGCSE 历史大纲（课程代码 0470）旨在通过学习关键事件、人物与发展，帮助学生建立对现代史的扎实理解。这门课程并不要求无休止的死记硬背，而是要求学生解释原因、比较后果、评价变迁与延续，并批判性地使用史料。这使得该学科既严谨，又与历史、法律、政治和国际关系等后续学习高度相关。

The syllabus is structured around two core content options, one chosen depth study, and three assessment components. Candidates must understand both the content requirements and the specific skills tested in each paper. The official Cambridge handbook, mark schemes and specimen papers are essential companions to this guide.

该大纲围绕两个核心内容选项、一个深度研究以及三个评估部分展开。考生必须同时理解内容要求和每份试卷考查的具体技能。剑桥官方手册、评分标准和样卷是本指南的重要配套资料。

1. Course Aims and Assessment Overview | 课程目标与评估总览

Cambridge IGCSE History aims to develop a broad understanding of the modern world from the 19th century to the end of the 20th century. The course encourages learners to ask questions about why events happened, how people responded to challenges, and how historians construct accounts from incomplete evidence. The main assessment objectives cover knowledge and understanding, explanation and analysis, and source evaluation.

剑桥 IGCSE 历史旨在培养学生对从 19 世纪到 20 世纪末现代世界的广泛理解。课程鼓励学生思考事件为何发生、人们如何应对挑战，以及历史学家如何依据不完整的证据构建叙述。主要评估目标涵盖知识与理解、解释与分析，以及史料评价。

Assessment is spread across three components. Most candidates take Paper 1, Paper 2 and either Paper 3 (coursework) or Paper 4 (alternative to coursework). The weighting is balanced, so strong performance requires consistent skills across structured answers, source analysis and extended writing. This guide will examine each component in detail.

评估由三个部分组成。大多数考生参加试卷一、试卷二，以及试卷三（课程作业）或试卷四（课程作业替代）。各部分权重均衡，因此要取得好成绩，必须在结构化答题、史料分析和拓展写作方面展现稳定的能力。本指南将详细分析每个部分。

2. Core Content Option A: The 19th Century | 核心内容选项 A：19 世纪

Centres must choose one of two core content options. Option A focuses on the development of modern nation states between 1848 and 1914. It covers revolution, unification, civil war and the emergence of new global powers. The key topics include the 1848 revolutions, Italian and German unification, the American Civil War, the 1905 Russian Revolution, and the rise of the United States as a world power.

各中心必须从两个核心内容选项中选择一个。选项 A 聚焦于 1848 年至 1914 年间现代民族国家的发展。它涵盖革命、统一、内战以及新兴全球大国的崛起。关键主题包括 1848 年革命、意大利和德国统一、美国内战、1905 年俄国革命以及美国崛起为世界强国。

• The revolutions of 1848: causes, events and consequences | 1848 年革命：原因、经过与后果
• Italian unification 1848-1870: Cavour, Garibaldi and the role of foreign powers | 意大利统一 1848-1870：加富尔、加里波第与外部势力的作用
• German unification 1848-1871: Bismarck, Prussian military power and the defeat of France | 德国统一 1848-1871：俾斯麦、普鲁士军事力量与法国战败
• The American Civil War: sectionalism, slavery, secession and Reconstruction | 美国内战：地方主义、奴隶制、分裂与重建
• The 1905 Russian Revolution: why the Tsarist regime survived | 1905 年俄国革命：沙皇政权为何得以存续
• The emergence of the USA as a world power, 1890-1914 | 美国崛起为世界强国，1890-1914

Students following Option A need to compare how different nations were built or transformed during this period. The focus is often on leadership, nationalism, economic change and the role of war in state formation.

选择选项 A 的学生需要比较这一时期不同国家如何建立或转型。重点通常放在领导力、民族主义、经济变迁以及战争在国家形成中的作用上。

3. Core Content Option B: The 20th Century | 核心内容选项 B：20 世纪

Option B covers international relations since 1919. It is the most commonly chosen option because it links directly with many popular depth studies such as Germany 1918-45 and the Cold War. The content examines the aftermath of the First World War, the failure of collective security, the origins of the Cold War, and regional conflicts in the later 20th century.

选项 B 涵盖 1919 年以来的国际关系。它是最常被选择的选项，因为它与德国 1918-45、冷战等许多热门深度研究直接相关。该内容考察第一次世界大战后的局势、集体安全的失败、冷战的起源以及 20 世纪后期的地区冲突。

• Were the peace treaties of 1919-23 fair? | 1919-23 年的和平条约是否公平？
• The League of Nations: successes and failures in the 1920s and 1930s | 国际联盟：20 世纪 20 年代与 30 年代的成败
• The collapse of international peace by 1939 | 到 1939 年国际和平的崩溃
• The origins of the Cold War: who was to blame? | 冷战的起源：谁应负责？
• US containment of communism in Europe and Asia | 美国在欧洲和亚洲对共产主义的遏制
• USSR control over Eastern Europe, 1948-c.1989 | 苏联对东欧的控制，1948-约1989 年
• The Gulf region, c.1970-2000 | 海湾地区，约1970-2000 年

This option requires students to make judgements about controversial questions, such as whether the Treaty of Versailles was too harsh or whether the USA or USSR bore greater responsibility for the Cold War.

该选项要求学生就争议性问题作出判断，例如《凡尔赛条约》是否过于苛刻，或者美国与苏联谁对冷战负有更大责任。

4. Depth Study Choices | 深度研究选题

In addition to the core content, candidates study one depth study in much greater detail. The depth study allows learners to examine a country or theme over a defined period and to build the kind of detailed knowledge needed for extended writing. Centres choose one depth study from the Cambridge list, which may vary slightly by syllabus year.

除了核心内容外，考生还要更深入地学习一个深度研究。深度研究让学生能够在一个特定时期内考察一个国家或主题，并积累拓展写作所需的详细知识。各中心从剑桥提供的列表中选择一个深度研究，列表可能因大纲年份略有变化。

• Germany, 1918-45 | 德国，1918-45
• Russia, 1905-41 | 俄国，1905-41
• The United States, 1919-41 | 美国，1919-41
• China, c.1930-c.1990 | 中国，约1930-约1990
• South Africa, c.1940-c.1994 | 南非，约1940-约1994
• The First World War, 1914-18 | 第一次世界大战，1914-18
• Israelis and Palestinians since 1945 | 1945 年以来的以色列人与巴勒斯坦人

Depth studies are not simply extra content. They demand a clear narrative understanding as well as the ability to analyse themes such as dictatorship, economic crisis, social change, war and revolution.

深度研究不仅仅是额外的内容。它们要求清晰的历史叙事理解，同时还要能够分析独裁、经济危机、社会变迁、战争与革命等主题。

5. Paper 1 in Detail | 试卷一详解

Paper 1 is a 2-hour written paper worth 60 marks and 40% of the total. It contains two sections. Section A tests the core content; candidates answer two questions from their chosen Option A or Option B. Section B tests the depth study; candidates answer one question. Each question follows a three-part structure: part (a) asks for description or identification, part (b) asks for explanation, and part (c) asks for a judgement or argument.

试卷一是 2 小时笔试，满分 60 分，占总成绩的 40%。它包含两个部分。A 部分考查核心内容；考生从所选选项 A 或选项 B 中回答两道题。B 部分考查深度研究；考生回答一道题。每道题采用三小问结构：(a) 要求描述或辨认，(b) 要求解释，(c) 要求作出判断或论证。