IGCSE WJEC Spanish: Vocabulary & Terminology Rapid Revision Guide | IGCSE WJEC 西班牙语：词汇术语速记指南

📚 IGCSE WJEC Spanish: Vocabulary & Terminology Rapid Revision Guide | IGCSE WJEC 西班牙语：词汇术语速记指南

This revision guide is designed for students preparing for the IGCSE WJEC Spanish examination. It brings together the command words, high-frequency verbs, question words, connectives, time phrases, opinion structures, false friends and key grammar terms that repeatedly appear across the listening, speaking, reading and writing papers. Mastering these building blocks will help you understand instructions more quickly, produce more accurate Spanish and make your answers more varied and natural.

本速记指南专为备考 IGCSE WJEC 西班牙语考试的学生编写。它汇总了在听力、口语、阅读和写作试卷中反复出现的指令词、高频动词、疑问词、连接词、时间短语、观点结构、假朋友以及核心语法术语。掌握这些基础模块可以帮助你更快理解题目要求，更准确地输出西班牙语，并让答案更加丰富自然。

1. Exam Command Words and Instructions | 考试指令词与题目要求

WJEC Spanish papers often repeat the same command words in rubrics and questions. If you recognise these terms immediately, you will spend less time decoding instructions and more time answering accurately.

WJEC 西班牙语试卷在题目说明和问题中经常重复使用相同的指令词。如果你能立刻识别这些术语，就能减少理解题意的时间，把更多精力放在准确作答上。

escucha – listen – 听
lee – read – 阅读
escribe – write – 写
habla – speak – 说
completa – complete – 完成
elige – choose – 选择
empareja – match – 配对
describe – describe – 描述
contesta / responde – answer / reply – 回答
explica – explain – 解释
traduce – translate – 翻译
rellena – fill in – 填写
marca – tick / mark – 标记
corrige – correct – 纠正

A common instruction such as “Escucha y elige la respuesta correcta” means “Listen and choose the correct answer”. If you know that respuesta is “answer” and correcta is “correct”, the task becomes straightforward.

常见的题目要求如 “Escucha y elige la respuesta correcta” 意为“听录音并选择正确答案”。如果你知道 respuesta 是“答案”，correcta 是“正确的”，题目就会变得非常清晰。

2. High-Frequency Verbs in Present Tense | 现在时高频动词

Some verbs carry a huge amount of the meaning in IGCSE Spanish writing and speaking tasks. Knowing their present-tense conjugations accurately is essential for forming simple and complex sentences.

在 IGCSE 西班牙语写作和口语任务中，一些动词承担了大量语义。准确掌握它们的现在时变位对于构建简单句和复合句都至关重要。

Verb	yo	tú	él/ella	nosotros	ellos/ellas	Meaning
ser	soy	eres	es	somos	son	to be (permanent)
estar	estoy	estás	está	estamos	están	to be (temporary)
tener	tengo	tienes	tiene	tenemos	tienen	to have
hacer	hago	haces	hace	hacemos	hacen	to do / make
ir	voy	vas	va	vamos	van	to go
poder	puedo	puedes	puede	podemos	pueden	to be able to
querer	quiero	quieres	quiere	queremos	quieren	to want / love

Use ser for descriptions, nationality and time; use estar for location, mood and temporary states. For example, “Soy estudiante” means “I am a student”, while “Estoy cansado” means “I am tired”.

ser 用于描述、国籍和时间；estar 用于位置、情绪和暂时状态。例如，“Soy estudiante” 意为“我是一名学生”，而 “Estoy cansado” 意为“我很累”。

3. Question Words and Interrogatives | 疑问词与疑问结构

Question words appear constantly in the reading and listening papers. They also help you build questions in the speaking exam, which shows interaction and fluency.

疑问词在阅读和听力试卷中频繁出现。它们还能帮助你在口语考试中提出问题，展示互动能力和流利度。

¿Qué? – What? – 什么？
¿Quién? / ¿Quiénes? – Who? – 谁？
¿Dónde? – Where? – 哪里？
¿Cuándo? – When? – 何时？
¿Cómo? – How? – 怎样？
¿Por qué? – Why? – 为什么？
¿Cuánto/a? / ¿Cuántos/as? – How much? / How many? – 多少？
¿Cuál? / ¿Cuáles? – Which? – 哪一个？

Remember that all interrogatives in Spanish carry an accent mark, for example “¿Dónde vives?” means “Where do you live?”. In reported questions, the accent is retained, such as “No sé dónde vives”.

请记住，西班牙语中所有疑问词都带重音符号，例如 “¿Dónde vives?” 意为“你住在哪里？”。在间接疑问句中，重音符号仍然保留，如 “No sé dónde vives”。

4. Connectives and Discourse Markers | 连接词与话语标记

Connectives raise the quality of writing and speaking by linking ideas into more complex sentences. WJEC mark schemes reward a range of connectives, not just y (and) and pero (but).

连接词通过把想法连接成更复杂的句子来提升写作和口语质量。WJEC 评分标准奖励使用多样化的连接词，而不仅仅是 y（和）和 pero（但是）。

y / e – and – 和
pero – but – 但是
sin embargo – however – 然而
además – also / furthermore – 此外
también – also – 也
porque – because – 因为
ya que – since – 由于
cuando – when – 当……时
aunque – although – 虽然
por lo tanto – therefore – 因此
sin duda – without doubt – 毫无疑问
en primer lugar – in the first place – 首先
finalmente – finally – 最后

For example, instead of writing “Me gusta el fútbol. Es divertido.”, you can write “Me gusta el fútbol porque es divertido.” This immediately demonstrates grammatical control and connects cause with effect.

例如，与其写 “Me gusta el fútbol. Es divertido.”，你可以写成 “Me gusta el fútbol porque es divertido.” 这立刻展示了语法控制力，并把原因和结果连接起来。

5. Time Phrases and Frequency Expressions | 时间短语与频率表达

Time phrases are useful in every topic, whether you are describing your daily routine, a past holiday or a future plan. They signal which tense is needed and help structure your answer chronologically.

时间短语在每个话题中都非常有用，无论是描述日常生活、过去的假期还是未来计划。它们提示需要使用什么时态，并帮助你按时间顺序组织答案。

hoy – today – 今天
ayer – yesterday – 昨天
mañana – tomorrow – 明天
ahora – now – 现在
siempre – always – 总是
a menudo – often – 经常
a veces – sometimes – 有时
nunca – never – 从不
todos los días – every day – 每天
el fin de semana – at the weekend – 在周末
la semana pasada – last week – 上周
el año que viene – next year – 明年
normalmente – usually – 通常

Use time phrases to show tense awareness. “Normalmente juego al tenis” uses the present tense, “Ayer jugué al tenis” uses the preterite, and “Mañana voy a jugar al tenis” uses the near future.

使用时间短语来展示时态意识。“Normalmente juego al tenis” 使用现在时，“Ayer jugué al tenis” 使用过去时，而 “Mañana voy a jugar al tenis” 使用近将来时。

6. Opinions and Justification Phrases | 观点与论证短语

Expressing opinions and justifying them is a core skill in the writing and speaking exams. Basic opinion phrases earn some marks, but adding a justification and a range of viewpoint expressions moves your answer into higher bands.

表达观点并加以论证是写作和口语考试中的核心技能。基本的观点表达可以获得一定分数，但增加论证和多样化的观点表达方式会让答案进入更高分数段。

Me gusta – I like – 我喜欢
Me encanta – I love – 我热爱
No me gusta – I do not like – 我不喜欢
Odio – I hate – 我讨厌
Prefiero – I prefer – 我更喜欢
Creo que – I think that – 我认为
Pienso que – I think that – 我觉得
En mi opinión – in my opinion – 在我看来
Desde mi punto de vista – from my point of view – 从我的角度来看
Estoy de acuerdo – I agree – 我同意
No estoy de acuerdo – I disagree – 我不同意
Lo bueno es que – the good thing is that – 好处是
Lo malo es que – the bad thing is that – 坏处是

A strong opinion sentence follows a simple pattern: opinion phrase + topic + justification. For example, “Me gusta la música porque me relaja” means “I like music because it relaxes me”.

一个有力的观点句遵循简单模式：观点短语 + 话题 + 论证。例如，“Me gusta la música porque me relaja” 意为“我喜欢音乐，因为它让我放松”。

7. False Friends and Tricky Cognates | 假朋友与易混淆同源词

False friends are Spanish words that look like English words but have different meanings. They are a popular trap in WJEC reading and listening questions, so learning them actively can prevent costly misunderstandings.

假朋友是指那些看起来像英语单词但含义不同的西班牙语单词。它们是 WJEC 阅读和听力题目中常见的陷阱，因此主动学习这些词可以避免严重的理解错误。

actualmente – currently, not “actually” – 目前，而不是“实际上”
asistir – to attend, not “to assist” – 参加，而不是“帮助”
carpeta – folder, not “carpet” – 文件夹，而不是“地毯”
embarazada – pregnant, not “embarrassed” – 怀孕的，而不是“尴尬的”
éxito – success, not “exit” – 成功，而不是“出口”
librería – bookshop, not “library” – 书店，而不是“图书馆”
molestar – to annoy, not “to molest” – 打扰，而不是“骚扰”
ropa – clothes, not “rope” – 衣服，而不是“绳子”
soportar – to tolerate, not “to support” – 忍受，而不是“支持”
realizar – to carry out, not “to realise” – 执行，而不是“意识到”
constipado – having a cold, not “constipated” – 感冒的，而不是“便秘的”
biblioteca – library, not “bookshop” – 图书馆，而不是“书店”

Pay special attention to éxito because it appears in reading texts about music, sports and school. The phrase “tuvo mucho éxito” means “it was very successful”, not “it had a big exit”.

要特别留意 éxito，因为它经常出现在有关音乐、体育和学校的阅读文章中。短语 “tuvo mucho éxito” 意为“它非常成功”，而不是“它有一个大出口”。

8. Core Topic Vocabulary by Theme | 核心话题词汇分类

WJEC IGCSE Spanish organises content around broad themes such as identity, local area, school and future plans. Building a bank of topic-specific nouns and adjectives makes it much easier to answer writing and speaking prompts with relevant detail.

WJEC IGCSE 西班牙语围绕身份认同、当地环境、学校和未来规划等广泛主题组织内容。建立主题特定的名词和形容词词库，可以让你在写作和口语中更容易用相关细节回答问题。

Identity and culture: familia (family), amigos (friends), tiempo libre (free time), aficiones (hobbies), música (music), deporte (sport), móvil (mobile phone), ropa (clothes), fiesta (party).

身份与文化：familia（家庭）、amigos（朋友）、tiempo libre（空闲时间）、aficiones（爱好）、música（音乐）、deporte（体育）、móvil（手机）、ropa（衣服）、fiesta（聚会）。

Local area and travel: ciudad (city), pueblo (town), playa (beach), campo (countryside), transporte (transport), estación (station), billete (ticket), hotel (hotel), vacaciones (holidays), turista (tourist).

当地环境与旅行：ciudad（城市）、pueblo（小镇）、playa（海滩）、campo（乡村）、transporte（交通）、estación（车站）、billete（车票）、hotel（酒店）、vacaciones（假期）、turista（游客）。

School and future plans: asignatura (subject), deberes (homework), profesor/profesora (teacher), uniforme (uniform), examen (exam), notas (grades), universidad (university), trabajo (job), carrera (career), sueño (dream).

学校与未来规划：asignatura（科目）、deberes（作业）、profesor/profesora（老师）、uniforme（校服）、examen（考试）、notas（成绩）、universidad（大学）、trabajo（工作）、carrera（职业）、sueño（梦想）。

Use this vocabulary in full sentences, such as “Mi asignatura favorita es la historia porque es interesante”, to show topic knowledge and grammatical range together.

在完整句子中使用这些词汇，例如 “Mi asignatura favorita es la historia porque es interesante”，可以同时展示话题知识和语法广度。

9. Grammar Terminology for the Exam | 考试语法术语

You do not need to memorise every grammatical label to do well, but recognising terms like infinitivo, pretérito and plural will help you follow mark schemes and feedback. It also makes revision more efficient when you know what to look for.

你不必记住每个语法术语也能取得好成绩，但认识 infinitivo、pretérito 和 plural 这类术语有助于理解评分标准和反馈。当你知道要关注什么时，复习也会更高效。

sustantivo – noun – 名词
adjetivo – adjective – 形容词
verbo – verb – 动词
adverbio – adverb – 副词
pronombre – pronoun – 代词
preposición – preposition – 介词
conjunción – conjunction – 连词
infinitivo – infinitive – 动词原形
conjugación – conjugation – 变位
presente – present tense – 现在时
pretérito – preterite tense – 过去时
imperfecto – imperfect tense – 未完成过去时
futuro – future tense – 将来时
condicional – conditional – 条件式
subjuntivo – subjunctive – 虚拟式
imperativo – imperative – 命令式
masculino / femenino – masculine / feminine – 阳性 / 阴性
singular / plural – singular / plural – 单数 / 复数

In WJEC grammar questions, you may be asked to change a word from singular to plural or from masculine to feminine. For example, “el chico alto” changes to “los chicos altos” in the plural.

在 WJEC 语法题中，你可能需要将单词从单数变为复数，或从阳性变为阴性。例如，“el chico alto”

Published by TutorHao | IGCSE 西班牙语 Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）

IGCSE WJEC Spanish: Vocabulary & Terminology Rapid Revision Guide | IGCSE WJEC 西班牙语：词汇术语速记指南