Capacity Utilisation (A Level Business) | 产能利用率（A Level 商务）

📚 Capacity Utilisation (A Level Business) | 产能利用率（A Level 商务）

Capacity utilisation is one of the most practical measures in A Level Business. It tells a firm how much of its available production potential is actually being used, and it links directly to unit costs, profit margins and operational risk.

产能利用率是 A Level 商务中最实用的指标之一。它告诉企业，在可用生产潜力中实际被使用的比例有多少，并直接影响单位成本、利润率和运营风险。

This topic often appears in Cambridge A Level Business as a calculation question, a data-response question or an essay question asking for evaluation of strategies to reduce spare capacity.

这一主题在剑桥 A Level 商务中常以计算题、数据分析题或要求评估如何减少闲置产能的论文题形式出现。

1. Definition of Capacity Utilisation | 产能利用率的定义

Capacity utilisation measures the percentage of a firm’s maximum possible output that is currently being produced. It applies to factories, hotels, airlines, call centres and any operation with a fixed capacity.

产能利用率衡量企业当前实际产出占其最大可能产出的百分比。它适用于工厂、酒店、航空公司、呼叫中心以及任何具有固定产能的运营活动。

Capacity is usually determined by the most limiting resource, such as machine hours, floor space, seats or staff availability. It is therefore a short-run concept because capacity can be changed only by investment or restructuring.

产能通常由最具限制性的资源决定，例如机器工时、厂房面积、座位数或员工数量。因此它是一个短期概念，因为只有通过投资或重组才能改变产能。

For example, a hotel with 120 rooms has a maximum capacity of 120 room-nights per night. If only 90 rooms are occupied, its capacity utilisation is 75%.

例如，一家拥有 120 间客房的酒店每晚最大产能为 120 间夜。如果只有 90 间被入住，其产能利用率就是 75%。

2. Formula and Worked Example | 计算公式与示例

The standard formula is shown below. You should memorise this in the exact form used by Cambridge mark schemes.

标准公式如下。你应当按照剑桥评分标准中的原形记忆该公式。

Capacity utilisation (%) = (Current output ÷ Maximum possible output) × 100

Worked example: A packaging plant can fill 200,000 bottles per week but currently fills 150,000. Its capacity utilisation is (150,000 ÷ 200,000) × 100 = 75%.

例题：一家包装厂每周最多可灌装 200,000 瓶，目前灌装 150,000 瓶。其产能利用率为 (150,000 ÷ 200,000) × 100 = 75%。

A second example: a cinema has 240 seats and runs four shows per day, giving a maximum of 960 tickets per day. If it sells 720 tickets, utilisation = (720 ÷ 960) × 100 = 75%.

第二个例子：一家影院有 240 个座位，每天放映四场，最大可售 960 张票。如果售出 720 张，利用率 = (720 ÷ 960) × 100 = 75%。

To find current output when utilisation and maximum output are known, rearrange: Current output = Capacity utilisation × Maximum output ÷ 100.

若已知利用率和最大产出，求当前产出，可变形为：当前产出 = 产能利用率 × 最大产出 ÷ 100。

Examiners often require the formula to be stated and applied. Always show the units cancelling and express the final answer as a percentage, not a decimal.

考官通常要求写出公式并代入计算。一定要展示单位约去，并将最终答案表示为百分比，而不是小数。

3. Interpreting the Percentage | 解读利用率百分比

A utilisation rate below 100% means spare capacity exists. A rate at or near 100% means the firm is operating at full capacity. The ideal rate is rarely exactly 100% because maintenance, training and demand fluctuations require some slack.

利用率低于 100% 意味着存在闲置产能。利用率达到或接近 100% 意味着企业在满负荷运营。理想利用率很少正好是 100%，因为维护、培训和需求波动需要一定余量

Published by TutorHao | A-Level 商务 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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