Grade K Math Lesson 15-10: Adding and Subtracting Within 10 | 幼儿园数学第15章第10课：10以内的加法和减法

📚 Grade K Math Lesson 15-10: Adding and Subtracting Within 10 | 幼儿园数学第15章第10课：10以内的加法和减法

Welcome to Lesson 15-10! In this lesson, we will practice adding and subtracting numbers from 0 to 10. This builds on the counting and grouping skills we have already learned, and it helps us become confident with basic operations.

欢迎来到第15章第10课！在本课中，我们将练习0到10以内数字的加法和减法。这些内容建立在我们已学过的计数和分组技能之上，帮助我们自信地掌握基本运算。

1. Learning Objectives | 学习目标

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: recognize the symbols + and -; add two groups to find a total; subtract one group from another to find a difference; and solve simple word problems using pictures or objects.

学完本课后，你应该能够：认识“+”和“-”符号；将两组物品合并求总数；从一个组中减去另一组求差；以及利用图片或实物解决简单的文字题。

Count objects up to 10 | 数一数0到10的物品
Use the plus sign (+) to join groups | 使用加号（+）合并组
Use the minus sign (-) to take away | 使用减号（-）去掉
Write number sentences like 3 + 2 = 5 | 写出像 3 + 2 = 5 这样的算式

2. Reviewing Numbers 0 to 10 | 复习0到10的数字

Before we add and subtract, let’s make sure we know the numbers from 0 to 10. Say each number out loud: zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten. Now, look at the dots below and point to the matching number.

在开始加法和减法之前，让我们确保认识0到10的数字。请大声读出每个数字：零、一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。现在，看下面的圆点，并指认对应的数字。

••	•••••	••••••
2	5	6

3. The Plus Sign (+) and Addition | 加号（+）与加法

The plus sign (+) tells us to put groups together. When we join two groups, we find the total. For example, if you have 2 apples and your friend gives you 3 more apples, you have 5 apples. We write this as 2 + 3 = 5. The equals sign (=) means “is the same as”.

加号（+）表示把几组合在一起。当我们合并两组时，我们就求总数。例如，如果你有2个苹果，朋友又给你3个苹果，你就有5个苹果。我们写为 2 + 3 = 5。等号（=）表示“等于”。

2 + 3 = 5

Try this: draw 4 stars, then draw 2 more stars. How many stars are there in all? Write the number sentence.

试一试：画4颗星，再画2颗星。一共有多少颗星？写下你的算式。

4. Number Bonds | 数字朋友（分合）

A number bond shows how a number can be split into two parts. For example, 5 can be made from 2 and 3. The whole is 5, and the parts are 2 and 3. Understanding number bonds helps you add and subtract quickly.

数字朋友（分合）表示一个数可以分成两个部分。例如，5可以由2和3组成。整体是5，部分是2和3。理解数字朋友可以帮助你快速进行加减运算。

5 = 2 + 3

Whole: 5 | 整体：5
Part 1: 2 | 部分1：2
Part 2: 3 | 部分2：3

Fill in the missing part: 6 = 4 + ? The answer is 2, because 4 + 2 = 6.

填上缺失的部分：6 = 4 + ？答案是2，因为 4 + 2 = 6。

5. The Minus Sign (-) and Subtraction | 减号（-）与减法

The minus sign (-) tells us to take away or remove. When we take away from a group, we find what is left. For example, if you have 7 balloons and 3 fly away, you are left with 4 balloons. We write this as 7 – 3 = 4.

减号（-）表示去掉或减去。当我们从一组中拿走一些，我们就求剩下多少。例如，如果你有7个气球，飞走了3个，你剩下4个气球。我们写为 7 – 3 = 4。

7 – 3 = 4

Look at this picture: 10 pencils, cross out 6. How many are left? Write the subtraction sentence.

看这张图：10支铅笔，划掉6支。还剩多少？写出减法算式。

6. Solving Word Problems with Pictures | 用图片解决文字题

Word problems help us see math in everyday life. Read the story, look at the picture, and then choose to add or subtract. If children are coming into the room, we add. If children are leaving the room, we subtract.

文字题帮助我们在生活中看到数学。读一读故事，看看图片，然后决定用加法还是减法。如果小朋友走进房间，我们就用加法；如果小朋友离开房间，我们就用减法。

Example 1: There are 4 fish in a tank. Then 5 more fish are added. How many fish are in the tank now? (4 + 5 = 9)

例1：鱼缸里有4条鱼。又加入5条鱼。现在鱼缸里有多少条鱼？（4 + 5 = 9）

Example 2: There are 9 ducks in a pond. 2 ducks swim away. How many ducks are left? (9 – 2 = 7)

例2：池塘里有9只鸭子。2只鸭子游走了。还剩多少只鸭子？（9 – 2 = 7）

7. Fun Practice Activities | 趣味练习活动

Let’s practice with games! Use your fingers, counters, or drawings to solve these:

让我们通过游戏来练习！用你的手指、小圆片或画图来解决下面的题目：

3 + 1 = ?	6 – 2 = ?	5 + 5 = ?
8 – 3 = ?	2 + 4 = ?	9 – 4 = ?

Now, make your own addition and subtraction stories. Share them with a partner.

现在，自己编一个加法和减法的小故事，并和伙伴分享。

8. Summary and Wrap-Up | 总结与回顾

In this lesson, we practiced adding and subtracting within 10. We learned that plus (+) means to join groups and minus (-) means to take away. We also used number bonds and pictures to make the math easier to understand.

本课我们练习了10以内的加法和减法。我们学习了加号表示合并，减号表示去掉。我们还使用数字朋友和图片让数学更容易理解。

If you can count, you can add and subtract. Keep practicing every day, and you will become a math superstar!

只要会数数，你就能加减。每天坚持练习，你会成为数学小明星！

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Grade K Math Lesson 15-10: Adding and Subtracting Within 10 | 幼儿园数学第15章第10课：10以内的加法和减法