📚 IGCSE CAIE Music: Quick Reference Formula Handbook | IGCSE CAIE 音乐：公式定理速查手册
This article brings together the essential “formulas”, patterns, and rules you need for the CAIE IGCSE Music exam. Music is not mathematics, but it has its own internal logic — interval formulas, scale patterns, chord constructions, and cadence formulas that can be memorized and rapidly applied.
本文汇总了 CAIE IGCSE 音乐考试中必需的核心“公式”、模式与规则。音乐不是数学，但它有自己的内在逻辑——音程公式、音阶模式、和弦构造、终止式公式等，都可以被记忆并在考试中快速运用。
1. Pitch and Intervals | 音高与音程
The semitone is the smallest interval in Western music. A tone is equal to two semitones.
半音是西方音乐中最小的音程。一个全音等于两个半音。
An interval is the distance in pitch between two notes. Interval quality depends on the number of semitones and the context of the key.
音程是两个音之间的音高距离。音程的性质取决于半音数量以及调性上下文。
| Interval | 音程 | Semitones | 半音数 | Example from C | 从C出发 |
| Perfect unison / 同度 | 0 | C → C |
| Minor 2nd / 小二度 | 1 | C → D♭ |
| Major 2nd / 大二度 | 2 | C → D |
| Minor 3rd / 小三度 | 3 | C → E♭ |
| Major 3rd / 大三度 | 4 | C → E |
| Perfect 4th / 纯四度 | 5 | C → F |
| Perfect 5th / 纯五度 | 7 | C → G |
| Major 6th / 大六度 | 9 | C → A |
| Major 7th / 大七度 | 11 | C → B |
| Perfect Octave / 纯八度 | 12 | C → C’ |
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