📚 AP Physics Formula Summary and Application Tips | AP物理公式归纳与应用技巧
The AP Physics exams (Physics 1, Physics 2, and Physics C) are concept-rich and calculation-heavy. Knowing the right formula is only half the battle; you must also know when and how to apply it. This guide summarizes the most important equations from the major topics and provides practical problem-solving tips to help you avoid common mistakes and boost your score.
AP物理考试（AP物理1、AP物理2和AP物理C）既注重概念，也注重计算。记住正确的公式只是成功的一半；更重要的是知道何时以及如何使用它们。本指南总结了各大核心考点中最关键的公式，并给出实用的解题技巧，帮助你避免常见错误、提高分数。
1. Kinematics | 运动学
Constant-acceleration kinematics is the foundation of mechanics. The key is to identify known and unknown quantities and choose one equation that links them.
匀加速运动学是力学的基础。关键是明确已知量和未知量，并选择联系它们的一个方程。
v = v₀ + at
x = v₀t + ½at²
v² = v₀² + 2ax
For two-dimensional projectile motion, treat horizontal and vertical motion separately. The horizontal acceleration is zero, and the vertical acceleration is -g.
对于二维抛体运动，应将水平与竖直运动分别处理。水平方向加速度为零，竖直方向加速度为 -g。
x = v0xt, y = v0yt – ½gt²
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Choose a sign convention and stick with it. Displacement, velocity, and acceleration must share the same axis.
选定一个正方向并保持一致。位移、速度和加速度必须在同一坐标轴上判断正负。
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In projectile motion, the time to reach maximum height can be found by setting vy = 0.
在抛体运动中，令 vy = 0 即可求出到达最高点的时间。
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