AS AQA Physics Unit 2 June 2019 Insert Explained | AQA AS 物理 Unit 2 2019年6月插页解析

📚 AS AQA Physics Unit 2 June 2019 Insert Explained | AQA AS 物理 Unit 2 2019年6月插页解析

The June 2019 AQA AS Physics Unit 2 insert is a vital resource for understanding the data, formulae, and experimental contexts used in the Mechanics, Materials, and Waves sections of the course. This article breaks down the key content you need to master, showing you exactly how the insert supports your answers and how to apply the information step by step.

2019年6月AQA AS物理Unit 2插页是理解课程中力学、材料与波动部分所需数据、公式和实验情境的关键资源。本文将拆解你需要掌握的核心内容，向你展示插页如何支持你的答案，以及如何逐步运用这些信息。

1. Overview of the Insert Format | 插页格式概览

The AQA insert is a double-sided printed sheet, separate from the question paper. It contains physical constants, conversion factors, and equations that you may need during the exam. In June 2019, the insert for Unit 2 included values such as gravitational field strength g = 9.81 N kg⁻¹, the speed of sound in air, and the Young modulus of common materials. Always check this sheet first before starting any calculation.

AQA插页是一张双面印刷的独立纸张，与试卷分开。它包含物理常数、换算因子和考试中可能需要的方程。在2019年6月的Unit 2插页中，包含重力场强度 g = 9.81 N kg⁻¹、空气中的声速以及常见材料的杨氏模量等数值。开始任何计算前，务必先查看此页。

Constants are printed on both sides; one side may be for Paper 1, the other for Paper 2. Check your paper code.
Equations are given in the form used by AQA; become familiar with the layout before exam day.
Data for specific experiments (e.g., speed of sound in water, density values) may also appear.

Remember that the insert is not a formula booklet – you still need to know which equation to use and when. The insert simply avoids unnecessary memorisation of constants and standard data.

请记住，插页不是公式手册——你仍然需要知道使用哪个方程以及何时使用。插页只是免去你对常数和标准数据的不必要记忆。

2. Physical Constants and Quantities | 物理常数与量

The June 2019 insert listed several essential constants. The most commonly used are: the acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s⁻², the speed of light in vacuum c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m s⁻¹, the charge of one electron e = 1.60 × 10⁻¹⁹ C, and the Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J s. For Unit 2, the gravitational field strength and the density of water (ρ = 1000 kg m⁻³) appear frequently.

2019年6月插页列出了几个基本常数。最常用的包括：自由落体加速度 g = 9.81 米每平方秒，真空光速 c = 3.00 × 10⁸ 米每秒，单个电子电荷 e = 1.60 × 10⁻¹⁹ 库仑，普朗克常数 h = 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ 焦耳秒。对Unit 2而言，重力场强度和水的密度 ρ = 1000 千克每立方米经常出现。

Constant	Symbol / Value
Gravitational field strength	g = 9.81 N kg⁻¹
Speed of sound in air	≈ 340 m s⁻¹
Density of water	ρ = 1000 kg m⁻³
Young modulus of steel	≈ 2.0 × 10¹¹ Pa

When you read a question, circle any value that appears in the insert. For example, if a question asks for the pressure at a depth of 5 m in water, you will combine the density of water, g, and the depth using p = hρg.

读题时，圈出插页中出现的任何数值。例如，如果题目要求水面下5米处的压强，你将结合水的密度、g和深度，使用 p = hρg 计算。

3. Mechanics – Motion and Forces | 力学——运动与力

Unit 2 mechanics starts with kinematic equations for uniform acceleration. The insert gives the SUVAT equations in simplified form, but you must memorise the symbols: s = displacement (m), u = initial velocity (m s⁻¹), v = final velocity (m s⁻¹), a = acceleration (m s⁻²), t = time (s). These equations apply only when acceleration is constant, which is true for objects in free fall near the Earth’s surface.

Unit 2力学从匀加速运动学方程开始。插页给出了简化形式的SUVAT方程，但你必须记住符号：s = 位移（米），u = 初速度（米每秒），v = 末速度（米每秒），a = 加速度（米每平方秒），t = 时间（秒）。这些方程仅在加速度恒定时适用，对于地球表面附近的自由落体成立。

v = u + at, s = ut + ½at², v² = u² + 2as

For forces, Newton’s second law is expressed as F = ma. The weight of an object is W = mg. You must also understand the equilibrium condition: when an object is stationary or moving at constant velocity, the resultant force is zero. Taking moments about a pivot is another core skill.

对于力，牛顿第二定律表达为 F = ma。物体的重量是 W = mg。你还需要理解平衡条件：当物体静止或匀速运动时，合力为零。绕支点取矩是另一项核心技能。

Always draw a free-body diagram for forces.
Resolve forces into horizontal and vertical components using trigonometry.
For moments, use the principle: sum of clockwise moments = sum of anticlockwise moments.

4. Materials – Density and Young Modulus | 材料——密度与杨氏模量

The insert includes the density of water (1000 kg m⁻³) and the Young modulus for some materials (e.g., steel 2.0 × 10¹¹ Pa). Density is defined as mass per unit volume: ρ = m/V. The Young modulus Y measures stiffness and is defined as Y = stress / strain, where stress = F/A and strain = ΔL / L. These quantities are central to many practical questions.

插页包含水的密度（1000千克每立方米）和一些材料的杨氏模量（如钢2.0 × 10¹¹帕）。密度定义为单位体积的质量：ρ = m/V。杨氏模量Y衡量刚度，定义为 Y = 应力/应变，其中应力 = F/A，应变 = ΔL / L。这些量是许多实际问题的核心。

stress = F / A, strain = ΔL / L, Y = FL / AΔL

To calculate a Young modulus from a graph, you take the gradient of the stress-strain graph in the elastic region. The insert may provide a straight line graph from a student’s experiment; you need to read values carefully and apply units correctly.

要从图像计算杨氏模量，取应力-应变图像在弹性区域的斜率。插页可能提供学生实验得到的直线图像；你需要仔细读取数值并正确应用单位。

5. Waves – Characteristics and Equations | 波动——特性与方程

Waves in Unit 2 include both transverse (e.g., water waves, light) and longitudinal (e.g., sound). The wave equation v = fλ is given on the insert. You must also understand reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference. The key formula for double-slit interference is λ = ax / D, where a is slit separation, x is fringe separation, and D is the screen-to-slit distance.

Unit 2的波动包括横波（如水波、光）和纵波（如声音）。插页给出了波动方程 v = fλ。你还需要理解反射、折射、衍射和干涉。双缝干涉的关键公式是 λ = ax / D，其中a是缝间距，x是条纹间距，D是屏幕到缝的距离。

v = fλ, λ = ax / D

Standing waves (stationary waves) on a string have nodes and antinodes. For a string fixed at both ends, the harmonic frequencies are f = nv / 2L, where n = 1, 2, 3… For an open pipe the frequency is similar; for a closed pipe it becomes f = nv / 4L with n odd only. The insert may give the speed of sound in air to use in such calculations.

弦上的驻波有波节和波腹。对于两端固定的弦，谐波频率为 f = nv / 2L，其中n = 1, 2, 3…。对于开管，频率类似；对于闭管，则为 f = nv / 4L，且n只能取奇数。插页可能给出空气中的声速以供此类计算使用。

6. Using the Insert for Problem Solving | 使用插页解决问题

Many students lose marks because they ignore the insert and estimate values incorrectly. For example, when asked to calculate the energy of a photon, the insert gives h and c, so you simply use E = hc/λ. When a question requires the weight of a 5.0 kg mass, you multiply by 9.81, not 10.

许多学生因忽略插页而错误估算数值而失分。例如，当要求计算光子能量时，插页给出h和c，你只需使用E = hc/λ。当题目需要5.0千克质量的重量时，你乘以9.81，而不是10。

Read the insert immediately after reading the question title page.
Underline every symbol that corresponds to a value on the insert.
Check whether the question expects you to use a standard value or one printed in the insert.

Sometimes the insert contains a table of data, such as the stretching of a wire under increasing load. You will need to calculate stress and strain from the raw data, plot a graph if requested, and obtain a value for the Young modulus from the gradient.

有时插页包含一张数据表，例如金属丝在逐渐增加载荷下的伸长量。你需要从原始数据计算应力和应变，如果要求则绘制图像，并从斜率得到杨氏模量的值。

7. Common Exam Question Types | 常见考试题型

In the June 2019 Unit 2 paper, typical questions included: (a) calculating the maximum tension in a cable when a load is lifted, (b) finding the wavelength of a sound wave using a known frequency and the speed of sound, (c) determining the density of an irregular solid by water displacement, and (d) analysing a stress-strain graph to identify the elastic limit.

在2019年6月Unit 2试卷中，典型问题包括：(a) 计算重物被提升时缆绳的最大张力；(b) 使用已知频率和声速求声波波长；(c) 通过排水法求不规则固体的密度；(d) 分析应力-应变图以确定弹性极限。

For each type, the first step is to locate the relevant equation on the insert or in your memory. Then substitute values using correct units. Finally, check the answer for reasonableness – for example, the Young modulus of a metal is always in the range of 10⁹ to 10¹² Pa.

对每种题型，第一步是找到插页上或记忆中的相关方程。然后使用正确的单位代入数值。最后检查答案是否合理——例如，金属的杨氏模量总在10⁹到10¹²帕范围内。

8. Revision Strategies Using the Insert | 利用插页的复习策略

You can use the insert as a revision checklist. Every value or equation on it links to a topic you must understand. For each constant, ask yourself: ‘What units does it have?’, ‘When would I use it?’, ‘What is the equation that contains it?’ This will make your revision active and focused.

你可以将插页用作复习检查清单。上面的每个数值或方程都对应一个你必须理解的主题。对每个常数，问自己：’它有什么单位？’、’我什么时候会用到它？’、’包含它的方程是什么？’ 这将使你的复习变得主动而集中。

Create flashcards for each constant and its typical use.
Practise past paper questions without looking at the insert first, then compare your values.
Summarise each section (Mechanics, Materials, Waves) in one side of A4 paper using the insert as a skeleton.

Remember that the insert is printed for every exam session, but the values are standard. The June 2019 insert was no different from others in terms of style; being familiar with the layout reduces exam stress and saves time.

请记住，每次考试都会印插页，但数值是一致的。2019年6月的插页在风格上与其他年份并无不同；熟悉版面可以减轻考试压力并节省时间。

9. Worked Example – Using the Insert | 示例——使用插页

Let’s work through a typical question: ‘A steel wire of length 2.00 m and cross-sectional area 1.2 × 10⁻⁶ m² is stretched by a force of 150 N. Calculate its extension. Use data from the insert.’

让我们完成一个典型问题：’一根长2.00米、截面积1.2 × 10⁻⁶平方米的钢丝受到150牛的拉力。使用插页数据计算其伸长量。’

From the insert, the Young modulus of steel is Y = 2.0 × 10¹¹ Pa. Using the equation:

根据插页，钢的杨氏模量为 Y = 2.0 × 10¹¹ 帕。使用方程：

ΔL = FL / AY

Substituting values: ΔL = (150 × 2.00) / (1.2 × 10⁻⁶ × 2.0 × 10¹¹) = 300 / (2.4 × 10⁵) = 1.25 × 10⁻³ m = 1.25 mm. The extension is 1.25 mm.

代入数值：ΔL = (150 × 2.00) / (1.2 × 10⁻⁶ × 2.0 × 10¹¹) = 300 / (2.4 × 10⁵) = 1.25 × 10⁻³ 米 = 1.25 毫米。伸长量为1.25毫米。

10. Pitfalls to Avoid | 应避免的陷阱

One common mistake is converting units incorrectly, especially cm² to m² (divide by 10⁴) and mm to m (divide by 1000). Another is failing to use the exact value from the insert, e.g., using 10 instead of 9.81 for g. Also, many students forget that strain is dimensionless, so their final answer has wrong units.

一个常见错误是单位换算错误，特别是将平方厘米换算为平方米（除以10⁴）和毫米换算为米（除以1000）。另一个是未能使用插页中的精确值，例如用10代替9.81作为g。此外，许多学生忘记应变是无量纲的，导致最终答案单位错误。

Always write units in every step of a calculation.
If the answer looks too big or too small, re-check your conversion factors.
For graphs, label axes with quantity and unit, and use the correct sign of the gradient.

By avoiding these pitfalls, you will increase your accuracy and confidence in the exam.

通过避免这些陷阱，你将提高准确性和考试信心。

11. Link Between Insert and Practical Skills | 插页与实验技能的联系

The insert often provides data tables or graphs that are the results of an experiment. Questions then ask you to interpret this data, draw conclusions, or evaluate the method. For instance, you may need to calculate the speed of sound by measuring the length of an air column at resonance. The insert supplies the frequency or the wavelength, and you apply v = fλ.

插页经常提供作为实验结果的数据表或图像。问题接着要求你解读数据、得出结论或评价方法。例如，你可能需要通过测量共鸣时气柱的长度来计算声速。插页提供频率或波长，你应用v = fλ。

You should practise reading interpolation from graphs, drawing lines of best fit, and identifying anomalies. These skills are examined through the insert data.

你应该练习从图像中插值、绘制最佳拟合线以及识别异常值。这些技能通过插页数据进行考查。

12. Final Summary and Exam Tips | 最终总结与考试提示

To sum up, the June 2019 AS AQA Physics Unit 2 insert is your silent partner in the exam. It gives you the numerical values and equations you need, but you must decide how to apply them. Master the definitions (density, stress, strain), the key equations (v = fλ, F = ma, Y = stress/strain), and the typical experimental contexts.

总之，2019年6月AQA AS物理Unit 2插页是你考试中的无声伙伴。它为你提供所需数值和方程，但你必须决定如何应用。掌握定义（密度、应力、应变）、关键方程（v = fλ, F = ma, Y = 应力/应变）以及典型实验情境。

Practise with past inserts: download them from the AQA website.
Time yourself; do not spend more than 10 minutes on any one calculation.
When you finish early, re-check every substitution against the insert values.

With these strategies, you will enter the exam room fully prepared to use the insert effectively and achieve the grade you deserve.

有了这些策略，你将充分准备进入考场，有效使用插页，获得应得的成绩。

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AS AQA Physics Unit 2 June 2019 Insert Explained | AQA AS 物理 Unit 2 2019年6月插页解析