Teacher Training and Teaching Apprenticeships for Postgraduates: Content and Requirements | 想当老师的研究生：教学学徒培训包含哪些内容与要求

📚 Teacher Training and Teaching Apprenticeships for Postgraduates: Content and Requirements | 想当老师的研究生：教学学徒培训包含哪些内容与要求

For a postgraduate who wants to teach, the journey from graduation to Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) is not simply “getting a job in a school”. It is a structured, apprenticeship-style programme: you are trained on the job, taught the theory behind classroom decisions, assessed against national professional standards, and then supported for a further two years once you are qualified. This guide explains exactly what that training contains, what entry requirements you must satisfy, how you are assessed, how much it costs, and how to choose the right route.

对想当老师的研究生来说，从毕业到拿到教师资格（QTS）并不是”去学校找份工作”这么简单。它是一套结构化的学徒式培养体系：你在岗位上接受训练，同时学习教育教学理论，按国家专业标准接受考核，拿到资格后还要再接受两年的入职支持。本文将系统说明培训包含哪些内容、必须满足哪些入学要求、如何考核、费用如何，以及怎样选择最适合自己的路径。

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1. What a Teaching Apprenticeship Actually Is | 教学学徒培训的本质

A teaching apprenticeship is an employment-based route into the profession. You are employed by a school, paid a salary, and trained towards QTS while working. Under the apprenticeship model, at least 20% of your contracted working time must be protected as “off-the-job” training, which covers taught sessions, professional studies, research tasks and assignment writing rather than classroom delivery.

教学学徒制是一种以就业为基础的从教路径。你被学校聘用、领取薪酬，在工作过程中接受培训以获得教师资格。按照学徒制模式，你至少 20% 的合同工作时间必须作为”脱产培训”时间受到保护，用于授课讲座、专业研修、研究任务与论文写作，而不是用于上课。

The training is normally full-time and runs for one academic year, roughly 36 to 40 weeks. It combines two halves that are assessed together: the classroom practice you carry out with real pupils, and the academic or professional studies that explain why certain approaches work. The apprenticeship route typically leads to QTS; whether you also gain a Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) depends on the provider.

培训通常为全日制，持续一个学年，约 36 至 40 周。它由两个部分构成并统一考核：一是你在真实课堂中对真实学生开展的实践教学，二是解释”为什么某些做法有效”的学术与专业研修。学徒制路径通常授予教师资格（QTS）；是否同时获得教育研究生证书（PGCE），取决于培训提供方。

Component | 组成部分	Typical content | 典型内容	Approx. share | 大致占比
On-the-job training | 在岗训练	Teaching, planning, marking, tutor group, meetings | 授课、备课、批改、导师组、会议	80% of working time
Off-the-job training | 脱产培训	Taught sessions, mentor meetings, assignments, observations | 讲座、导师会谈、论文、观课	at least 20%

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2. The Main Postgraduate Routes Compared | 研究生主要培训路径对比

In England there are five routes that a graduate can take, and they differ mainly in who pays you, who trains you, and what qualification you leave with. Choosing between them is the single most important decision in the whole process, because it determines your income, your workload and your level of school-based responsibility from day one.

在英格兰，研究生主要有五条路径。它们的差别主要在于：谁给你发钱、谁负责培训你、以及你最终拿到什么资格。在这五种路径之间做选择，是整个过程中最关键的一步，因为它直接决定你的收入、工作量以及从第一天起在学校承担的责任程度。

Route | 路径	Status | 身份	Award | 授予资格	Duration | 时长
University-led PGCE	Student, fees payable	QTS + PGCE	1 year
SCITT (school-centred)	Student, fees payable	QTS, often + PGCE	1 year
School Direct (non-salaried)	Student, fees payable	QTS, often + PGCE	1 year
School Direct (salaried)	Employee, paid	QTS (usually no PGCE)	1 year
Postgraduate teaching apprenticeship	Apprentice employee, paid	QTS (+ PGCE at some providers)	1 year
Teach First	Employee, paid	QTS + PGDE	2 years

Salaried and apprenticeship routes require you to be employed by a school before you start, and salaried School Direct places normally expect around three years of prior work experience. Apprenticeship funding comes from the school’s apprenticeship levy, which means you usually cannot access student finance on that route.

带薪路径与学徒制路径要求你在开始前就被某所学校聘用；带薪型 School Direct 名额通常期望申请者具备约三年的工作经历。学徒制的经费来自学校的学徒税（apprenticeship levy），这意味着该路径通常无法申请学生贷款与助学金。

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3. Entry Requirements: Degrees, GCSEs and Checks | 入学要求：学位、GCSE 与背景审查

The academic entry requirements are set nationally and then refined by each provider. Typically you need an honours degree, usually at 2:2 or above, although many providers and most salaried routes ask for a 2:1. Your degree does not have to be in education, but for secondary teaching it should be substantially related to the subject you intend to teach.

学术入学要求由国家统一规定，再由各培训提供方细化。通常你需要一个荣誉学位，一般要求 2:2 及以上，但许多提供方以及大多数带薪路径会要求 2:1。你的学位不必是教育学，但如果要教中学，它应当与你打算教授的学科高度相关。

• GCSE requirements: grade 4/C or above in English and mathematics; primary teaching also requires a science GCSE.
  GCSE 要求：英语与数学达到 4 分/C 及以上；小学教学还要求科学科目的 GCSE。
• Equivalency: overseas or alternative qualifications must be verified as equivalent before you apply.
  同等学历认定：海外或非标准资格必须在申请前完成等效认证。
• Literacy and numeracy: since the central professional skills tests were withdrawn in 2020, providers run their own fundamental English and mathematics checks.
  读写与计算能力：自 2020 年中央统一专业能力测试取消后，改由各提供方自行开展英语与数学基础测试。
• Enhanced DBS check: required for all routes, including a check of the children’s barred list.
  强化版 DBS 背景审查：所有路径均需完成，包括儿童禁入名单核查。
• Prohibition check: providers confirm you are not barred from teaching anywhere in the UK.
  从业禁止核查：提供方须确认你未在英国任何地区被禁止从教。
• Fitness to teach: a declaration of physical and mental fitness, sometimes with an occupational health referral.
  执教适任性：需提交身心健康声明，有时需转介职业健康评估。
• References: usually two, one of which should comment on your suitability to work with young people.
  推荐信：通常两封，其中一封须评价你与青少年相处的适任性。
• Right to work: apprenticeship and salaried routes require existing right to work in the UK; a Student route visa cannot cover an apprenticeship.
  工作权利：学徒制与带薪路径要求已具备在英工作权利；学生签证无法用于学徒制。

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4. Subject Requirements and Subject Knowledge Enhancement | 学科要求与学科知识强化

Secondary providers generally look for a degree in which at least about half of the content is relevant to the subject you will teach. If your degree is related but not a close match, you may be asked to complete a Subject Knowledge Enhancement (SKE) course before the training year begins.

中学阶段的培训提供方通常要求你的学位中至少有大约一半内容与你将要教授的学科相关。如果你的学位属于相关但并非紧密对口，你可能会被要求在培训学年开始前完成”学科知识强化课程”（SKE）。

SKE courses are usually delivered online or in blended form and last between 8 and 28 weeks, depending on how large the gap is. They are free to eligible candidates, and for some shortage subjects a weekly training bursary is available while you study. Common SKE subjects include mathematics, physics, chemistry, computing and modern foreign languages.

SKE 课程通常在线或混合形式开展，时长 8 至 28 周，取决于知识缺口的大小。符合条件者免费参加，部分紧缺学科在学习期间还可获得每周津贴。常见的 SKE 学科包括数学、物理、化学、计算机与现代外语。

For primary teaching the subject logic is different: you are expected to teach the whole national curriculum, so providers assess your breadth across English, mathematics, science, history, geography, art and physical education rather than depth in a single discipline.

小学教学的学科逻辑不同：你需要教授整个国家课程，因此提供方评估的是你在英语、数学、科学、历史、地理、艺术与体育等方面的广度，而不是单一学科的深度。

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5. What You Actually Study: The Core Content Framework | 培训课程内容：核心内容框架

All accredited training in England is built around a national framework that sets out what every trainee must be taught. It is organised into eight areas, each written as a pair of statements: what you must “learn that” (the evidence base) and what you must “learn how to” (the practical skill).

英格兰所有受认可的师资培训都以一份国家框架为基础，它规定了每位受训教师必须学到什么。框架分为八个领域，每个领域由成对的表述构成：你必须”知道什么”（证据基础）以及必须”会做什么”（实践技能）。

• 1. High expectations | 高期望
• 2. How pupils learn | 学生如何学习
• 3. Subject and curriculum | 学科与课程
• 4. Classroom practice | 课堂教学实践
• 5. Adaptive teaching | 适应性教学
• 6. Assessment | 评估
• 7. Managing behaviour | 行为管理
• 8. Professional behaviours | 专业行为

From September 2025 the separate framework for initial training and the framework for early career teachers are replaced by a single combined framework in England, so trainees and newly qualified teachers now work from one continuous set of standards. This matters practically: what you learn in year one of training is deliberately designed to connect with what you are expected to consolidate in year two of teaching.

自 2025 年 9 月起，英格兰原本分开的”初始培训框架”与”早期职业教师框架”被合并为单一框架，因此受训教师与新任教师现在遵循同一套连续标准。这在实践中很重要：培训第一年学到的东西，被有意设计为与从教第二年需要巩固的内容相衔接。

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6. School Placement: Hours, Phases and Workload | 学校实习：时长、阶段与工作量

The placement is the core of the training. School-led and apprenticeship routes require a minimum of 120 days of school experience across the programme; university-led PGCE courses typically include around 24 weeks in school, split across at least two contrasting settings so you see different pupil intakes and different departmental cultures.

实习是培训的核心。学校主导型与学徒制路径要求整个项目期间至少有 120 天的学校实践；大学主导的 PGCE 课程通常包含约 24 周在校时间，并分配到至少两所差异明显的学校，以让你接触不同的生源结构与不同的教研文化。

Placement is normally phased rather than immediate. The typical progression looks like this:

实习通常分阶段推进，而不是一开始就满负荷上课。典型进程如下：

• Phase 1 – Observation and team teaching: you observe lessons, co-plan with your mentor, and teach short segments.
  阶段一 · 观课与协同教学：观摩课堂，与导师共同备课，并教授短片段。
• Phase 2 – Shared classes: you take responsibility for a growing number of lessons, with the mentor still present for some.
  阶段二 · 共担课堂：你负责的课时逐步增加，部分课时导师仍在场。
• Phase 3 – Lead teaching: you teach the full timetable for your classes and reach roughly 50 to 60% of a qualified teacher’s contact load.
  阶段三 · 主导教学：你独立承担所带班级的完整课表，达到合格教师课时量的大约 50% 至 60%。

You should also expect a weekly mentor meeting of about an hour, regular joint planning, and a formal observation cycle with written feedback. Trainees consistently report a working week far longer than the contractual 37 hours, including evenings and weekends during peak assessment periods.

你还应预期每周约一小时的导师会谈、常态化的共同备课，以及带书面反馈的正式观课周期。受训教师普遍反映，工作周远长于合同中约定的 37 小时，在考核高峰期还包括晚上和周末。

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7. Assessment, Evidence and QTS | 考核、证据与教师资格

You are not assessed purely on whether pupils like your lessons. You are assessed against the Teachers’ Standards, which are divided into two parts: Part 1 covers teaching, and Part 2 covers personal and professional conduct. Every claim you make about your own progress must be supported by evidence.

考核并不只是看学生是否喜欢你的课，而是依据《教师标准》进行，该标准分为两部分：第一部分关乎教学，第二部分关乎个人与职业操守。你

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