Which Universities Receive Your Scores: Mapping the Score-Sending Range | 成绩会分享给哪些大学：分数送达范围

📚 Which Universities Receive Your Scores: Mapping the Score-Sending Range | 成绩会分享给哪些大学：分数送达范围

Every year, students and parents ask the same anxious question: “Once I sit the exam, who actually sees my score?” The honest answer is that scores do not drift freely across the internet. They travel along a small number of clearly defined channels, and each channel has its own rules about how many universities receive your results, how far back the grades go, and whether you get a say in the destination. Understanding those channels removes a great deal of unnecessary worry.

每年都有学生和家长焦虑地问同一个问题：”考完之后，到底谁会看到我的分数？”最诚实的回答是：分数不会在网络上自由漂移。它只沿着少数几条明确界定的通道流动，而每条通道都有各自的规则——送几所大学、回溯几年成绩、你能不能决定目的地。搞清楚这些通道，可以消除大量不必要的焦虑。

1. The Core Principle: Scores Go Where You Send Them | 核心原则：分数只送到你指定的地方

The default rule across virtually every major assessment board is that your score is private to you and your school until you or an authorised channel releases it. A university does not receive your SAT, ACT, AP, IB or A-Level result simply because it exists in a database. Somebody has to send it: usually you, sometimes your school, and occasionally the awarding body acting on a request you made in advance.

几乎所有主要考评机构都遵循同一条默认规则：在你本人或获授权的渠道发布之前，你的成绩只属于你和你所在学校。大学不会因为某个数据库里存在你的 SAT、ACT、AP、IB 或 A-Level 成绩就自动收到它。必须有人去”送”：通常是你本人，有时是你的学校，偶尔则是考试局根据你事先提出的申请代为发送。

There is one big exception, and it applies mainly to the United Kingdom. When you apply through UCAS, you authorise the exam boards and UCAS to pass your confirmed results to every university you applied to on results day. That transmission is automatic, free, and not something you can opt out of after the fact.

但存在一个重大例外，主要发生在英国。当你通过 UCAS 申请时，你已经授权考试局与 UCAS 在放榜日把你的确认成绩传送给你申请过的每一所大学。这个传送是自动的、免费的，而且事后无法选择退出。

2. Channel One: Student-Initiated Score Sends | 渠道一：考生主动送分

This is the channel that covers AP, SAT, ACT and IB. You log into your account, nominate institutions, and pay for anything beyond the free allowance. Nothing moves until you press send. A useful mental model is that your score report is a sealed envelope inside your own drawer: it is addressed, stamped and ready, but it only leaves the drawer when you post it.

这一通道涵盖 AP、SAT、ACT 与 IB。你登录个人账号，指定收件院校，超出免费额度即付费。在你按下”发送”之前，任何东西都不会移动。一个好用的心智模型是：你的成绩报告就像放在自己抽屉里的密封信封——地址写好、邮票贴好，但只有在你投递时才会离开抽屉。

Two practical consequences follow. First, you can genuinely delay. A student applying to five universities does not need to send every score on day one. Second, you retain editorial control, which is why Score Choice and equivalent options matter so much when you have a weak sitting mixed with strong ones.

由此引出两个实际结论。第一，你确实可以拖延：申请五所大学的学生不必在第一天就把所有成绩送出去。第二，你保有编辑权——这正是当你的成绩单里既有弱场次又有强场次时，Score Choice 及同类选项如此重要的原因。

3. Channel Two: Institutional Feeds Such as UCAS | 渠道二：机构直连，例如 UCAS

In the UK system, the exam boards release results to UCAS electronically on results day in August, and UCAS immediately transmits each confirmed grade to every university holding an offer from that applicant. Roughly 48 hours of automated decision-making follows as universities confirm or decline places.

在英国体系中，考试局于八月放榜日以电子方式向 UCAS 发布成绩，UCAS 随即把每一门确认成绩传送给所有已向该申请人发出录取通知的大学。随后大约 48 小时内，各大学进行自动化的确认或拒绝流程。

The sending range here is therefore exactly equal to your application list. If you applied to five choices, five institutions see the grades. If you added an Extra choice or entered Clearing, that institution also receives the relevant results as part of the process.

因此这里的送达范围恰好等于你的申请名单。如果你填报了五个志愿，就有五所院校看到成绩。如果你使用了 Extra 或进入 Clearing，相关院校也会在流程中收到相应成绩。

Note the important nuance: universities only receive the A-Level or IB grades that confirm or fail your offer. Your internal school reports, mock results and predicted grades reach them separately, through the reference and predicted-grade fields in your UCAS application.

请注意一个关键细节：大学只收到用于确认或未能满足录取条件的 A-Level 或 IB 成绩。你的校内成绩单、模考成绩与预估分则通过另一条路径——UCAS 申请中的推荐信与预估分栏位——送达他们手中。

4. Channel Three: School Transcripts and Predicted Grades | 渠道三：学校成绩单与预估分

Many students overlook this channel, yet it often carries more information than the official score report. Schools send transcripts directly to universities: in the United States through platforms such as the Common App or Scoir, in the UK through the UCAS reference, and elsewhere by email or secure portal.

许多学生忽略这条通道，但它承载的信息往往比官方成绩单更多。学校会直接向大学发送成绩单：美国方向通过 Common App 或 Scoir 等平台，英国方向通过 UCAS 推荐信，其他地区则通过电子邮件或安全门户。

This means a university may see your two-year grade history, your class rank if your school reports one, and your teacher’s comments, long before any external test score arrives. If your transcript and your test scores tell contradictory stories, admissions officers will notice.

这意味着大学可能在外部考试成绩到达之前很久，就已经看到你两年的成绩轨迹、班级排名（如果学校提供）以及教师评语。如果你的成绩单与标准化考试形成互相矛盾的两套叙事，招生官一定会注意到。

5. How Far the Free Send Actually Reaches | 免费送分的范围到底有多远

Free sends are limited and deadline-bound, so it pays to plan them rather than use them impulsively. AP allows one free score send per year if you nominate the recipient before the June deadline. The SAT and ACT each include four free sends, usually chosen at registration or shortly afterwards. The IB permits a larger batch of institution requests, typically up to six.

免费送分既有限又有截止期限，因此值得规划而非冲动使用。AP 每年允许一次免费送分，前提是在六月截止日前指定收件方。SAT 与 ACT 各含四次免费送分，通常在报名时或报名后不久选择。IB 允许更大批量的院校申请，一般为最多六所。

Think of the free allowance as a budget rather than a bonus. If you send a free report in September to a university you ultimately do not apply to, that credit is gone. Many experienced counsellors advise saving free sends until your shortlist is stable.

请把免费额度视为一项预算，而不是一项赠品。如果你九月把免费报告送给了一所最终并不申请的大学，这个额度就浪费了。许多有经验的升学顾问建议：等到院校清单稳定后再使用免费送分。

6. What Universities Actually See on a Score Report | 大学在你的成绩报告上看到什么

A score report is more than a number. Depending on the programme, it may contain your full name and date of birth, a candidate or registration number, every score from every sitting you have not withheld, subscore breakdowns, and sometimes award or distinction status.

成绩报告不只是一个数字。视具体项目而定，它可能包含你的全名与出生日期、考生号或报名号、你所有未被保留的场次成绩、分项分数明细，有时还包括奖项或优异称号。

The cumulative nature of AP reports is frequently underestimated. Unless you actively withhold a score, a university ordering your AP report sees all of your AP exams across all years, not merely the one you are proud of.

AP 成绩报告的累积性常被低估。除非你主动申请保留某门成绩，否则大学调取到的 AP 报告会显示你所有年份的全部 AP 考试，而不仅仅是你引以为傲的那一门。

AP: scores by exam year, plus any AP Scholar awards you have earned.

AP：按考试年份列出成绩，并显示你获得的 AP Scholar 类奖项。
SAT: total score, section scores, and prior test history if Score Choice was not used.

SAT：总分、各板块分数，以及未使用 Score Choice 时的历史考试记录。
ACT: composite and section scores for the test date you selected.

ACT：你所选考试日期的综合分与各科分数。
IB: diploma or certificate results, including theory of knowledge and extended essay components.

IB：文凭或证书成绩，包含知识论与拓展论文部分。
A-Level via UCAS: confirmed grades per subject, with the awarding body identified.

通过 UCAS 的 A-Level：各科确认成绩，并注明所属考试局。

7. Side-by-Side Comparison of Sending Rules | 各项目送分规则对照表

The table below summarises how each major programme behaves. Fees and allowances are revised periodically, so always verify against the current official schedule before you pay.

下表概述各主要项目的运作方式。费用与额度会定期调整，付费前请务必核对最新官方说明。

Programme \| 项目	Free sends \| 免费送分	Who receives \| 收件方	Extra cost \| 额外费用	Choice \| 可选择性
AP	1 (June deadline)	Colleges, universities, scholarship programmes	Approx. US$15 per report; rush costs more	All scores by default; withholding available for a fee
SAT	4	Colleges, scholarship programmes	Approx. US$14 per report; rush higher	Score Choice by test date, unless a college requires all
ACT	4	Colleges, scholarship programmes	Approx. US$18 per report	Choose test date for later reports
IB Diploma	Up to 6 institution requests	Universities worldwide	Fee per additional request	Full diploma record released
A-Level via UCAS	Automatic, no charge	Every university on your application	None	No selection; all confirmed grades sent

8. Choosing Which Scores to Send | 选择送哪些分数

Where selection is permitted, the goal is not to hide weakness but to present a coherent story. Sending a strong senior-year score while omitting a much weaker sophomore attempt is a legitimate strategy. Sending a selective set that makes your record look artificially patchy can raise more questions than it answers.

在允许选择的项目里，目标不是隐藏弱点，而是呈现一个前后一致的叙事。送出高年级的强势成绩、略去当年明显偏弱的低年级成绩，是合理策略。但如果筛选得太刻意，让成绩记录显得人为残缺，反而会引来更多疑问。

Before relying on selection, check each university’s policy. A number of institutions explicitly require all sittings, and sending a partial record in that case can be treated as a violation of the application terms.

在依赖选择机制之前，请逐校核查政策。相当一部分院校明确要求提交全部场次成绩；在此情况下提交部分记录，可能被视作违反申请条款。

Total cost, if you are budgeting, follows a simple relationship:

如果你要预算费用，总成本遵循一个简单关系：

Total cost = (Number of reports − Free sends) × Unit fee + Rush surcharge

9. Withholding, Cancelling and Removing Scores | 保留、取消与删除成绩

Withholding is a formal request that a specific score not appear on reports sent to a chosen set of institutions. It is not deletion: the score still exists in your record, and the withholding typically applies to designated recipients rather than universally.

保留是一项正式申请，要求某个特定分数不出现在发送给指定院校的报告上。它不是删除：分数仍然存在于你的记录中，而且保留通常只对指定收件方生效，并非全局。

Cancellation is stronger and riskier. Cancelling a score after the exam removes it entirely, which also removes any possibility of a pleasant surprise. Students most often consider this route when a test went catastrophically wrong, but the safer path is usually to keep the score and use selection or withholding instead.

取消成绩更彻底，也更具风险。考后取消会将该成绩完全移除，同时也移除了任何”意外的惊喜”的可能性。学生通常在考试严重失常时考虑这条路径，但更稳妥的做法往往是保留成绩，改用选择机制或保留申请。

10. Timing, Deadlines and Rush Sending | 时间、截止与加急送分

Score sending runs on administrative calendars, not on your emotions. Regular electronic delivery usually takes about one to two weeks, though international deliveries or paper reports can take considerably longer. Rush processing shortens the delivery window but adds a surcharge and is not available for every destination.

送分遵循行政日历，而不是你的情绪。常规电子传送通常需要一至两周，国际传送或纸质报告则可能明显更久。加急处理可缩短送达周期，但会加收费用，且并非所有目的地都支持。

Practical guidance is consistent across counsellors: send scores at least three to four weeks before a hard deadline, and never assume that a score released today is visible to an admissions office tomorrow. Early Decision and Early Action deadlines in November are the classic pressure point.

升学顾问给出的实操建议高度一致：在硬性截止日前至少三到四周完成送分，并且绝不要假设今天发布的成绩明天就会出现在招生办的系统里。十一月的 Early Decision 与 Early Action 截止日是经典的压力点。

11. Privacy, Consent and Third-Party Visibility | 隐私、授权与第三方可见范围

Beyond universities, scores can reach a small number of other recipients: scholarship organisations you nominate, government education departments in some jurisdictions, and your own school, which as the test centre receives results for its candidates as a matter of course.

除大学之外，成绩还可能到达少数其他接收方：你指定的奖学金机构、部分司法辖区的教育主管部门，以及你所在学校——学校作为考点，按惯例会收到本校考生的成绩。

Family access is a separate matter governed by education privacy law. In the United States, for example, parents of a dependent student may generally access education records; once a student is independent, consent is required. In practice, most students simply share their portal login with their parents, which is convenient but worth doing thoughtfully.

家长访问权是另一回事，受教育隐私法约束。例如在美国，受抚养学生的家长通常可以查阅教育记录；一旦学生经济独立，则需要本人同意。实际上，多数学生干脆把账号密码分享给父母，这很方便，但值得谨慎对待。

12. Common Misconceptions and a Practical Checklist | 常见误区与实操清单

Three misunderstandings appear again and again. The first is that a university automatically receives all of your scores; it does not. The second is that sending more reports increases your chances; it does not, and unnecessary reports merely cost money and clutter your file. The third is that a withheld or cancelled score disappears completely; usually it does not.

有三个误解反复出现。第一，认为大学会自动收到你的全部成绩——并不会。第二，认为送得越多、机会越大——并不会，多余的报告只是花钱并让档案更杂乱。第三，认为保留或取消的成绩会彻底消失——通常并非如此。

Confirm each university’s score policy before you send anything.

送分之前，先确认每所大学的成绩政策。
Save free sends until your shortlist is final.

等院校清单确定后再使用免费送分额度。
Note the June AP deadline and registration-window SAT/ACT deadlines in your calendar.

把 AP 的六月截止日和 SAT/ACT 的报名窗口截止日写进日历。
Check whether your UK choices will receive results automatically through UCAS.

确认你的英国志愿是否通过 UCAS 自动收到成绩。
Keep screenshots of every confirmed send, with dates and confirmation numbers.

为每一次送分保留截图，记录日期与确认编号。
Ask your school which transcripts and predicted grades it sends on your behalf.

向学校询问它会代你发送哪些成绩单与预估分。

Once you see score sending as a small set of controlled channels rather than a mysterious broadcast, the whole process becomes manageable. Decide the destination, check the deadline, confirm the record, and keep the receipt.

当你把送分理解为少数几条可控通道，而不是一次神秘的广播，整个流程就变得可管理了。确定目的地、核对截止日、确认记录内容、保留寄送凭证——仅此而已。

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Which Universities Receive Your Scores: Mapping the Score-Sending Range | 成绩会分享给哪些大学：分数送达范围