Alcohols in GCSE CCEA Chemistry | GCSE CCEA 化学：醇 考点精讲

📚 Alcohols in GCSE CCEA Chemistry | GCSE CCEA 化学：醇 考点精讲

Alcohols are an important homologous series in organic chemistry, characterised by the hydroxyl functional group. In the CCEA GCSE Chemistry specification, you need to understand their structure, naming, physical properties, and key chemical reactions, including combustion, oxidation, and their manufacture.

醇是有机化学中一类重要的同系物，其特征官能团是羟基。在 CCEA GCSE 化学考试大纲中，你需要理解醇的结构、命名、物理性质以及关键化学反应，包括燃烧、氧化和乙醇的工业生产方法。

1. What are Alcohols? | 什么是醇？

Alcohols are organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to a carbon atom in a hydrocarbon chain. They form a homologous series with the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH, where n is the number of carbon atoms. This means each successive member differs by a CH₂ unit.

醇是一类有机化合物，其分子中包含一个或多个连接在碳链上的羟基 (-OH)。它们组成通式为 CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH 的同系物系列，其中 n 是碳原子数。这意味着相邻成员之间相差一个 CH₂ 单元。

The simplest alcohol is methanol (CH₃OH), followed by ethanol (C₂H₅OH), propanol (C₃H₇OH), and so on. In ethanol, the -OH group replaces one hydrogen atom of ethane.

最简单的醇是甲醇 (CH₃OH)，其次是乙醇 (C₂H₅OH)、丙醇 (C₃H₇OH) 等。在乙醇中，-OH 基团取代了乙烷的一个氢原子。

2. Functional Group & General Formula | 官能团与通式

The functional group of alcohols is the hydroxyl group, -OH. This group is responsible for the characteristic chemical properties of alcohols. In the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH, the ‘OH’ part is written separately to emphasise the functional group. Be careful: when counting carbon atoms, the carbon attached to -OH is included in n.

醇的官能团是羟基 -OH。该基团决定了醇的特征化学性质。在通式 CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH 中，”OH” 部分单独写出以强调官能团。注意：计算碳原子数时，连接 -OH 的碳原子已计入 n 中。

For example, ethanol has two carbon atoms: n=2, so the formula is C₂H

Published by TutorHao | GCSE Chemistry Revision Series | aleveler.com

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