📚 OCR Science: Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 Learner’s Book Second Edition – Translation Practice | OCR 科学：剑桥初中科学7学生用书第二版 – 翻译练习
The Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 Learner’s Book (Second Edition) is a cornerstone resource for students beginning their secondary science journey. For learners following the OCR science pathway, mastering the content in both English and Chinese is a powerful way to deepen understanding, build scientific vocabulary, and succeed in bilingual assessments. This article provides targeted translation practice based on key extracts from pages 10 and 29 of the Learner’s Book, together with broader scientific themes, to support accurate and confident use of scientific language.
剑桥初中科学7学生用书（第二版）是学生开启中学科学之旅的基础资源。对于遵循OCR科学路径的学习者来说，掌握中英双语的科学内容是加深理解、积累科学词汇并在双语测评中取得成功的有效方式。本文基于学生用书第10页和第29页的关键摘录以及更广泛的科学主题，提供针对性的翻译练习，帮助准确、自信地使用科学语言。
1. Key Concepts from Page 10: What is Science? | 第10页关键概念：什么是科学？
Page 10 of the Learner’s Book introduces the nature of science. It defines science as ‘the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment’. This definition highlights the importance of evidence-based inquiry.
学生用书第10页介绍了科学的本质。它将科学定义为“通过观察和实验对物理和自然界的结构和行为进行的系统研究”。这一定义凸显了基于证据的探究的重要性。
Another key sentence from this page is: ‘Scientists ask questions, make predictions, and then carry out investigations to test their ideas.’ Translating this accurately into Chinese requires attention to scientific process verbs.
该页的另一关键句子是：“科学家提出问题、作出预测，然后开展调查以检验他们的想法。”准确翻译这句话需要注意科学过程的动词。
A useful practice activity is to translate the following statement: ‘Curiosity and creativity are just as important in science as careful measurement.’ Suggested translation: ‘好奇心和创造力在科学中与仔细测量同样重要。’
一个有用的练习活动是翻译以下陈述：’Curiosity and creativity are just as important in science as careful measurement.’ 建议翻译：’好奇心和创造力在科学中与仔细测量同样重要。’
2. Key Concepts from Page 29: Classification of Living Things | 第29页关键概念：生物的分类
Page 29 focuses on how living organisms are grouped. The text states: ‘All living things can be classified into five kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, protists, and prokaryotes.’ Translating these terms correctly is essential for bilingual biology study.
第29页重点介绍了生物如何被分组。文中写道：“所有生物可以分为五个界：动物界、植物界、真菌界、原生生物界和原核生物界。”正确翻译这些术语对双语生物学习至关重要。
The page also emphasises the use of a hierarchical system: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. A helpful mnemonic in English is ‘King Philip Came Over For Good Soup’, but in Chinese, students can simply memorise the sequence: 界、门、纲、目、科、属、种。
该页还强调了等级系统的使用：界、门、纲、目、科、属、种。英语中一个有用的记忆口诀是“King Philip Came Over For Good Soup”，但中文学生只需记住序列即可。
Translate the following from page 29: ‘A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another to produce fertile offspring.’ The accurate translation is: ‘物种是一群能够互相交配并产生可育后代的生物。’
翻译以下摘自第29页的内容：“A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another to produce fertile offspring.” 准确翻译为：“物种是一群能够互相交配并产生可育后代的生物。”
3. Scientific Enquiry and Investigation | 科学探究与调查
Scientific enquiry is a recurring theme throughout the Learner’s Book. A typical English sentence reads: ‘A hypothesis is a testable statement that predicts the outcome of an experiment.’ Translated: ‘假设是一种可检验的陈述，它预测实验的结果。’
科学探究贯穿整本学生用书。一个典型的英文句子是：“A hypothesis is a testable statement that predicts the outcome of an experiment.” 翻译为：“假设是一种可检验的陈述，它预测实验的结果。”
Variables are often described as independent, dependent, and control. Learners should be able to translate: ‘The independent variable is the one you change, the dependent variable is the one you measure, and control variables must be kept the same.’ In Chinese: ‘自变量是你改变的那个变量，因变量是你测量的那个变量，而控制变量必须保持不变。’
变量常被描述为自变量、因变量和控制变量。学习者应能翻译：“The independent variable is the one you change, the dependent variable is the one you measure, and control variables must be kept the same.” 中文为：“自变量是你改变的那个变量，因变量是你测量的那个变量，而控制变量必须保持不变。”
4. Cells: The Building Blocks of Life | 细胞：生命的基石
Understanding cell structure is fundamental. An English description from the book might read: ‘A plant cell has a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole, whereas an animal cell does not.’ In Chinese: ‘植物细胞有细胞壁、叶绿体和一个大的中央液泡，而动物细胞则没有。’
理解细胞结构是基础。书中可能的英文描述为：“A plant cell has a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole, whereas an animal cell does not.” 中文为：“植物细胞有细胞壁、叶绿体和一个大的中央液泡，而动物细胞则没有。”
Translation precision is critical for organelles. For example: ‘The nucleus contains genetic material and controls the activities of the cell.’ → ‘细胞核含有遗传物质并控制细胞的活动。’ Similarly, ‘Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration, releasing energy for the cell.’ → ‘线粒体是有氧呼吸的场所，为细胞释放能量。’
对细胞器的翻译精度至关重要。例如：“The nucleus contains genetic material and controls the activities of the cell.” → “细胞核含有遗传物质并控制细胞的活动。”同样，“Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration, releasing energy for the cell.” → “线粒体是有氧呼吸的场所，为细胞释放能量。”
5. Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems | 组织、器官和器官系统
Moving from cells to systems, the text explains: ‘A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.’ Chinese: ‘组织是一群相似的细胞共同工作以执行特定功能。’ An organ, such as the heart, is composed of different tissues, and organ systems, like the circulatory system, consist of several organs collaborating.
从细胞到系统，文中解释道：“A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.” 中文：“组织是一群相似的细胞共同工作以执行特定功能。”像心脏这样的器官由不同组织构成，而器官系统，如循环系统，由多个器官协同工作组成。
Key sentence: ‘The digestive system breaks down food into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.’ Translation: ‘消化系统将食物分解成可以被吸收到血液中的小的、可溶性分子。’ This illustrates the importance of accurate scientific adjectives.
关键句子：“The digestive system breaks down food into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.” 翻译：“消化系统将食物分解成可以被吸收到血液中的小的、可溶性分子。”这体现了准确使用科学形容词的重要性。
6. Classification of Animals in Detail | 动物分类详解
Page 29 also introduces vertebrates and invertebrates. English: ‘Vertebrates are animals with a backbone, and they are divided into five main groups: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.’ Chinese: ‘脊椎动物是有脊椎骨的动物，它们分为五大类：哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物、两栖动物和鱼类。’
第29页还介绍了脊椎动物和无脊椎动物。英文：“Vertebrates are animals with a backbone, and they are divided into five main groups: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.” 中文：“脊椎动物是有脊椎骨的动物，它们分为五大类：哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物、两栖动物和鱼类。”
For invertebrates, the book mentions groups like arthropods, molluscs, and annelids. Translate: ‘Arthropods have jointed legs and a hard exoskeleton.’ → ‘节肢动物有分节的腿和坚硬的外骨骼。’ This helps students connect English terminology with Chinese biological terms.
对于无脊椎动物，书中提到如节肢动物、软体动物和环节动物等类群。翻译：“Arthropods have jointed legs and a hard exoskeleton.” → “节肢动物有分节的腿和坚硬的外骨骼。”这有助于学生将英文术语与中文生物术语联系起来。
7. States of Matter and the Particle Model | 物质状态和粒子模型
In the chemistry strand, the book describes matter as existing in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. The particle model can be translated as follows: ‘In a solid, particles are tightly packed in a regular pattern, vibrating in fixed positions.’ Chinese: ‘在固体中，粒子紧密排列成规则结构，在固定位置上振动。’
在化学部分，书中描述物质以固态、液态和气态三种状态存在。粒子模型可翻译如下：“In a solid, particles are tightly packed in a regular pattern, vibrating in fixed positions.” 中文：“在固体中，粒子紧密排列成规则结构，在固定位置上振动。”
Processes of changing state should also be translated: melting (熔化), freezing (凝固), boiling (沸腾), evaporation (蒸发), condensation (冷凝), and sublimation (升华). A useful translation exercise: ‘The temperature at which a liquid boils is called its boiling point.’ → ‘液体沸腾时的温度称为其沸点。’
状态变化的过程也应翻译：melting（熔化）、freezing（凝固）、boiling（沸腾）、evaporation（蒸发）、condensation（冷凝）和 sublimation（升华）。一个有用的翻译练习：“The temperature at which a liquid boils is called its boiling point.” → “液体沸腾时的温度称为其沸点。”
8. Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table | 原子、元素和周期表
An early introduction to atoms states: ‘All substances are made of tiny particles called atoms. An element contains only one type of atom.’ Chinese: ‘所有物质都由称为原子的微小粒子构成。一种元素只包含一种类型的原子。’ The periodic table lists all known elements, and its Mandarin titles for groups, such as alkali metals (碱金属) and noble gases (稀有气体), must be memorised.
对原子的早期介绍指出：“All substances are made of tiny particles called atoms. An element contains only one type of atom.” 中文：“所有物质都由称为原子的微小粒子构成。一种元素只包含一种类型的原子。”周期表列出了所有已知元素，其中文族名如碱金属、稀有气体等必须记住。
Molecular formulas are represented using Unicode subscripts for bilingual consistency. For example, water is H₂O (水), carbon dioxide is CO₂ (二氧化碳), and oxygen gas is O₂ (氧气). The balanced equation for photosynthesis can be written as:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
分子式使用Unicode下标以保证双语一致性。例如，water是H₂O（水），carbon dioxide是CO₂（二氧化碳），oxygen gas是O₂（氧气）。光合作用的平衡方程可表示为：
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
9. Forces and Their Effects | 力及其作用效果
Physics topics in the Learner’s Book cover contact and non‑contact forces. Translation pairs include: ‘Gravity is a force of attraction between all objects that have mass.’ → ‘引力是所有有质量的物体之间的一种吸引力。’ And ‘Friction is a contact force that opposes motion.’ → ‘摩擦力是一种阻碍运动的接触力。’
学生用书中的物理主题涵盖接触力和非接触力。翻译对包括：“Gravity is a force of attraction between all objects that have mass.” → “引力是所有有质量的物体之间的一种吸引力。”以及“Friction is a contact force that opposes motion.” → “摩擦力是一种阻碍运动的接触力。”
Speed calculations can be expressed plainly: ‘speed = distance ÷ time’ and translated as ‘速度 = 距离 ÷ 时间’。The unit metre per second (m/s) remains m/s in both languages but is pronounced differently. Emphasising formula translation aids problem solving.
速度计算可清楚地表示为：“speed = distance ÷ time”，翻译为“速度 = 距离 ÷ 时间”。单位米每秒（m/s）在两种语言中写法相同但读法不同。强调公式翻译有助于解题。
10. Energy Stores and Transfers | 能量储存与转移
Energy is described as the ability to do work. Key translations: ‘Chemical energy is stored in food, fuels, and batteries.’ → ‘化学能储存在食物、燃料和电池中。’ ‘Thermal energy is transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one.’ → ‘热能从较热的物体传递到较冷的物体。’
能量被描述为做功的能力。关键翻译：“Chemical energy is stored in food, fuels, and batteries.” → “化学能储存在食物、燃料和电池中。”“Thermal energy is transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one.” → “热能从较热的物体传递到较冷的物体。”
The principle of conservation of energy is often tested: ‘Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or stored.’ In Chinese: ‘能量不能被创造或消灭，只能被转移或储存。’ This fundamental concept must be rendered accurately in both languages.
能量守恒原理常被考查：“Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or stored.” 中文：“能量不能被创造或消灭，只能被转移或储存。”这一基本概念必须用两种语言准确表达。
11. The Solar System and Beyond | 太阳系及更远
The Earth and space section introduces the relative positions of celestial bodies. Translating ‘The Sun is a star at the centre of our solar system, and the planets orbit it’ yields: ‘太阳是位于我们太阳系中心的一颗恒星，行星围绕它运行。’
地球与太空部分介绍了天体的相对位置。“The Sun is a star at the centre of our solar system, and the planets orbit it”翻译为：“太阳是位于我们太阳系中心的一颗恒星，行星围绕它运行。”
Days, years, and seasons are explained: ‘The Earth takes 24 hours to rotate once on its axis, giving us day and night.’ ‘地球绕地轴自转一周需要24小时，这给了我们昼夜。’ ‘The seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth’s axis as it orbits the Sun.’ ‘季节是由地球绕太阳公转时地轴的倾斜引起的。’ These sentences are rich in scientific vocabulary useful for OCR exams.
天、年和季节被解释为：“The Earth takes 24 hours to rotate once on its axis, giving us day and night.”“地球绕地轴自转一周需要24小时，这给了我们昼夜。”“The seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth’s axis as it orbits the Sun.”“季节是由地球绕太阳公转时地轴的倾斜引起的。”这些句子富含对OCR考试有用的科学词汇。
12. Translation Practice Exercises | 翻译练习测试
This final section provides sample sentences for self‑testing. Translate from English to Chinese:
本节提供样本句子供自测。请将以下英文翻译成中文：
| English | Chinese Translation |
|---|---|
| ‘Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food using sunlight.’ | 光合作用是植物利用阳光制造自己食物的过程。 |
| ‘A balanced diet provides all the necessary nutrients in the right amounts.’ | 均衡的饮食以合适的量提供所有必需的营养素。 |
| ‘Sound travels fastest through solids because the particles are closer together.’ | 声音在固体中传播最快，因为粒子靠得更近。 |
| ‘When an acid reacts with an alkali, a neutralisation reaction occurs, producing salt and water.’ | 当酸与碱反应时，发生中和反应，生成盐和水。 |
Regularly translating key sentences from the Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 Learner’s Book builds fluency in bilingual scientific communication, directly supporting OCR science outcomes. Use these exercises alongside your textbook to reinforce learning and prepare confidently for assessments.
定期翻译剑桥初中科学7学生用书中的关键句子，可以建立双语科学交流的流畅度，直接支持OCR科学的学习成果。将这些练习与你的课本结合使用，以巩固学习，并为评估做好充分准备。
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