📚 AP Physics: Key Points & Open Course Summary | AP 物理考点公开课汇总
Preparing for AP Physics requires a deep understanding of core concepts and consistent practice. Open courses from top educators offer an invaluable supplement to classroom learning, breaking down complex topics into digestible lessons. This article compiles the essential key points across all AP Physics exams—Physics 1, Physics 2, and Physics C—paired with curated open course recommendations to help you master each topic efficiently.
备考 AP 物理需要对核心概念的深刻理解和持续练习。来自顶尖教育者的公开课程是课堂学习的宝贵补充，能够将复杂的主题分解成易于理解的课程。本文汇总了所有 AP 物理考试（物理 1、物理 2 和物理 C）的关键考点，并精心推荐了相关的公开课程，帮助您高效掌握每个主题。
1. Overview of AP Physics Exams | AP 物理考试概述
AP Physics offers four distinct exams: AP Physics 1 (algebra-based), AP Physics 2 (algebra-based), AP Physics C: Mechanics (calculus-based), and AP Physics C: Electricity & Magnetism (calculus-based). Physics 1 covers mechanics, waves, and basic circuits; Physics 2 extends to fluids, thermodynamics, electricity, magnetism, optics, and modern physics. The two Physics C exams delve deeper into mechanics and electrodynamics, requiring calculus. Open courses cater to each exam’s specific syllabus, making targeted review possible.
AP 物理提供四种不同的考试：AP 物理 1（代数基础）、AP 物理 2（代数基础）、AP 物理 C：力学（微积分基础）和 AP 物理 C：电磁学（微积分基础）。物理 1 涵盖力学、波和基础电路；物理 2 扩展到流体、热力学、电学、磁学、光学和现代物理。两门物理 C 考试更深入地考察力学和电动力学，需要微积分知识。公开课针对各考试的具体大纲，使针对性复习成为可能。
2. Kinematics | 运动学
Key points include displacement, velocity, acceleration, and motion graphs. The kinematic equations for constant acceleration are essential for solving problems on free fall and projectile motion. A strong grasp of vector components is also required.
关键考点包括位移、速度、加速度和运动图像。匀加速运动的运动学方程是解决自由落体和抛体运动问题的必备。同时需要熟练掌握矢量分解。
v = v₀ + at Δx = v₀t + ½at² v² = v₀² + 2aΔx
Open courses: Khan Academy’s AP Physics 1 unit ‘Motion in a straight line’ and ‘Projectile motion’ provide clear video explanations. Flipping Physics offers an engaging kinematics playlist with worked examples and comic sketches that clarify 2D motion.
公开课推荐：可汗学院 AP 物理 1 的“直线运动”和“抛体运动”单元提供了清晰的视频讲解。Flipping Physics 通过引人入胜的运动学播放列表，配合实例和幽默短剧，帮助厘清二维运动。
3. Dynamics & Newton’s Laws | 动力学与牛顿定律
Core concepts: Newton’s three laws, free-body diagrams, friction (static and kinetic), spring force (Hooke’s law F = -kx), and centripetal force for uniform circular motion. Understanding equilibrium and non-equilibrium applications is critical.
核心概念：牛顿三大定律、受力分析图、摩擦力（静摩擦和动摩擦）、弹簧力（胡克定律 F = -kx）以及匀速圆周运动中的向心力。理解平衡与非平衡状态的应用至关重要。
Recommended open courses: MIT 8.01 Classical Mechanics lectures by Walter Lewin remain iconic—his demonstrations of Newton’s laws are unforgettable. Bozeman Science’s AP Physics Essentials video series breaks down forces and Newton’s laws with simple animations and clear narration.
推荐公开课：MIT 8.01 经典力学 Walter Lewin 的讲座堪称经典——他用实验演示牛顿定律，令人难忘。Bozeman Science 的 AP Physics Essentials 视频系列用简单的动画和清晰的讲解分解力和牛顿定律。
4. Work, Energy & Power | 功、能与功率
Key formulas and concepts: work done by a constant force W = Fd cosθ, kinetic energy KE = ½mv², gravitational potential energy PE = mgh, elastic potential energy PE_elastic = ½kx², conservation of mechanical energy, and average power P = ΔW/Δt. Master the work-energy theorem and energy bar charts.
关键公式与概念：恒力做功 W = Fd cosθ，动能 KE = ½mv²，重力势能 PE = mgh，弹性势能 PE_elastic = ½kx²，机械能守恒，以及平均功率 P = ΔW/Δt。掌握功能定理和能量条形图。
Open courses: Khan Academy’s ‘Work and energy’ unit features practice problems with hints. Flipping Physics provides an energy review that ties work, power, and conservation together with real-life examples like roller coasters.
公开课：可汗学院的“功和能”单元配有带提示的练习题。Flipping Physics 的能量复习课将功、功率和守恒与过山车等实例结合起来讲解。
5. Momentum & Collisions | 动量与碰撞
Essential topics: linear momentum p = mv, impulse-momentum theorem FΔt = Δp, conservation of momentum in isolated systems, and distinctions between elastic and inelastic collisions. Center of mass calculations are also tested in Physics C.
必备考点：线动量 p = mv，动量定理 FΔt = Δp，孤立系统中的动量守恒，以及弹性碰撞与非弹性碰撞的区别。物理 C 还考察质心的计算。
Open courses: Khan Academy’s AP Physics 1 on momentum and collisions features step-by-step problem solving. The MIT OpenCourseWare 8.01 momentum lectures emphasize the vector nature of momentum and multiple-particle systems.
公开课：可汗学院 AP 物理 1 关于动量与碰撞的课程包含逐步解题过程。MIT OpenCourseWare 8.01 的动量讲座强调了动量的矢量性和多粒子系统。
6. Rotational Motion | 转动运动
Crucial for AP Physics 1 and C Mechanics: angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration, torque τ = rF sinθ, moment of inertia I, rotational kinetic energy ½Iω², and angular momentum L = Iω. The parallel-axis theorem and rotational dynamics Στ = Iα are must-knows for Physics C.
AP 物理 1 和 C 力学必备：角位移、角速度、角加速度、力矩 τ = rF sinθ、转动惯量 I、转动动能 ½Iω² 和角动量 L = Iω。平行轴定理和转动动力学方程 Στ = Iα 是物理 C 的重要考点。
Open courses: Yau-Jong Twu’s AP Physics C mechanics videos excel at breaking down rotational analogies. Walter Lewin’s MIT 8.01 lecture on angular momentum and gyroscopic precession is a student favorite.
公开课：Yau-Jong Twu 的 AP Physics C 力学视频擅长分解转动的类比关系。Walter Lewin 在 MIT 8.01 中关于角动量与陀螺进动的讲座深受学生喜爱。
7. Oscillations & Waves | 振动与波动
Key points: simple harmonic motion (SHM) with mass-spring systems and pendulums; period formulas T = 2π√(m/k) and T = 2π√(L/g); wave properties—wavelength, frequency, wave speed v = fλ; superposition, standing waves, and sound waves including Doppler effect.
重要考点：弹簧振子和单摆的简谐运动；周期公式 T = 2π√(m/k) 和 T = 2π√(L/g)；波的性质——波长、频率、波速 v = fλ；叠加、驻波以及包含多普勒效应的声波。
Open courses: Khan Academy’s ‘Oscillations and mechanical waves’ unit covers SHM and wave interference with interactive graphs. Flipping Physics’ waves section offers qualitative and quantitative examples, perfect for AP Physics 1 and 2.
公开课：可汗学院的“振动与机械波”单元通过交互图像讲解简谐运动和波干涉。Flipping Physics 的波部分提供了定性与定量实例，非常适合 AP 物理 1 和 2 的备考。
8. Electricity & Circuits | 电学与电路
Critical for Physics 1, 2, and C: electric charge, Coulomb’s law F = k|q₁q₂|/r², electric field and electric potential, Ohm’s law V = IR, resistance in series and parallel, Kirchhoff’s rules, and RC circuits (Physics C). Physics 2 also explores capacitors and dielectrics.
物理 1、2 和 C 的核心内容：电荷、库仑定律 F = k|q₁q₂|/r²、电场与电势、欧姆定律 V = IR、串并联电阻、基尔霍夫定律以及 RC 电路（物理 C）。物理 2 还涉及电容和电介质。
Open courses: Khan Academy’s AP Physics 2 course includes a thorough circuit analysis section. For calculus-based depth, MIT 8.02 Electricity and Magnetism lectures provide brilliant visuals. Flipping Physics also offers a dedicated circuits review.
公开课：可汗学院 AP 物理 2 课程包含全面的电路分析部分。如需微积分深度，MIT 8.02 电磁学讲座提供了极佳的视觉演示。Flipping Physics 也有专门的电路复习内容。
9. Magnetism & Electromagnetic Induction | 磁学与电磁感应
Main concepts: magnetic force on a moving charge F = qvB sinθ, force on a current-carrying wire, magnetic field of a long straight wire, Ampere’s law (Physics C), magnetic flux, Faraday’s law ε = -dΦ/dt, and Lenz’s law. These topics distinguish Physics 2 and C exams.
主要概念：运动电荷在磁场中的受力 F = qvB sinθ、载流导线受力、长直导线的磁场、安培定律（物理 C）、磁通量、法拉第定律 ε = -dΦ/dt 和楞次定律。这些考点是物理 2 和 C 的重要区分内容。
Open courses: MIT 8.02 by Walter Lewin is widely regarded as the gold standard for magnetism and induction. edX’s AP Physics C: Electricity & Magnetism prep course offers targeted exam-style problem solving. Bozeman Science provides concise magnetism guides for AP 2.
公开课：Walter Lewin 的 MIT 8.02 被广泛视为磁学与感应领域的标杆。edX 上的 AP Physics C: Electricity & Magnetism 预备课程提供针对考试风格的解题训练。Bozeman Science 为 AP 物理 2 提供了简洁的磁学指南。
10. Optics | 光学
Primarily for AP Physics 2: laws of reflection and refraction (Snell’s law n₁ sinθ₁ = n₂ sinθ₂), total internal reflection, image formation by mirrors and lenses using ray diagrams and the thin lens equation 1/f = 1/d₀ + 1/dᵢ, and wave optics such as double-slit interference and diffraction gratings.
主要针对 AP 物理 2：反射与折射定律（斯涅尔定律 n₁ sinθ₁ = n₂ sinθ₂）、全内反射、通过光路图和薄透镜方程 1/f = 1/d₀ + 1/dᵢ 成镜像，以及双缝干涉和衍射光栅等波动光学内容。
Open courses: Bozeman Science’s optics playlist systematically builds from ray optics to wave optics. Khan Academy’s Physics library also covers AP-level optics with helpful simulations.
公开课：Bozeman Science 的光学播放列表系统地从几何光学推进到波动光学。可汗学院的物理资料库也包含了适用于 AP 的光学内容及实用模拟。
11. Modern Physics | 现代物理
Tested in AP Physics 2: photoelectric effect (E_photon = hf, K_max = hf – Φ), wave-particle duality, atomic energy levels and spectra, nuclear decay (alpha, beta, gamma), mass-energy equivalence E = mc², and basic nuclear reactions. Qualitative reasoning is often emphasized.
AP 物理 2 考察内容：光电效应（光子能量 E_photon = hf，最大动能 K_max = hf – Φ）、波粒二象性、原子能级与光谱、核衰变（α、β、γ）、质能方程 E = mc² 以及基本核反应。常侧重于定性推理。
Open courses: Khan Academy’s ‘Modern physics’ unit in the AP Physics 2 course provides clear video explanations and photon-energy calculations. Bozeman Science’s video on the photoelectric effect is a quick, high-yield review.
公开课：可汗学院 AP 物理 2 课程中的“现代物理”单元提供了清晰的视频讲解和光子能量计算。Bozeman Science 关于光电效应的视频是快速高效的复习材料。
12. Open Course Platforms & Exam Prep Strategy | 公开课平台与备考策略
Maximising your study with open courses requires a strategic approach: first, identify your exam—Physics 1, 2, C: Mechanics, or C: E&M—then map the syllabus to curated playlists. Platforms such as Khan Academy, MIT OpenCourseWare, Flipping Physics, Bozeman Science, and edX all offer structured content aligned with College Board guidelines. Supplement these with practice from released AP exams and the official AP Classroom. TutorHao also provides AP Physics exam-focused review sessions that distil key points into concise, bilingual summaries—ideal for last-minute revision.
最高效地利用公开课程需要讲究策略：首先确定您的考试类别——物理 1、物理 2、C 力学或 C 电磁学——然后将大纲与精选播放列表对应。可汗学院、MIT OpenCourseWare、Flipping Physics、Bozeman Science 和 edX 等平台都提供与 College Board 指南一致的系统内容。再结合已发布的 AP 真题和官方 AP Classroom 进行练习。TutorHao 同样提供 AP 物理考点精讲课程，将核心要点浓缩成简洁的双语总结，非常适合考前冲刺复习。
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