📚 Guide to Documents and Procedures for Returning to China after Graduating from Spain | 西班牙留学毕业回国材料与手续办理指南
Graduating from a Spanish university is a significant milestone, but wrapping up your life abroad and preparing to return to China involves a series of administrative, legal and financial procedures that are easy to overlook. Handling these tasks methodically ensures you leave Spain with all the documents you will need for future employment, further studies and the official recognition of your qualifications in China. This guide walks you through every essential step, from collecting your degree certificate to completing the Chinese credential verification.
从西班牙大学毕业是一个重要的里程碑，但在结束海外生活、准备回国之际，你需要办理一系列行政、法律和财务手续，稍有不慎便容易遗漏。有条不紊地处理好这些事务，才能确保你带回西班牙的所有材料，满足未来就业、升学以及在国内认证学历的需要。本指南将带你梳理每一个关键步骤，从领取毕业证书到完成国内的学历认证，帮助你顺利过渡。
1. Overview of the Return Process | 回国流程概览
Before you book your flight, it is essential to create a timeline that spans both your final weeks in Spain and the weeks immediately after your arrival in China. Some procedures, such as having your degree apostilled, can take two to four weeks, while others, like closing a Spanish bank account, may require in‑person visits. Start preparing at least two months before your departure date to avoid last‑minute stress and unexpected delays.
在你预订回国机票之前，建议先制定一份涵盖离境前最后几周以及抵达中国后几周内需要完成的时间表。部分手续，如学位文件的 Apostille 海牙认证，可能需要两到四周，而注销银行账户等事宜则往往需要本人亲自办理。最好在出发前至少两个月开始准备，以避免最后一刻的慌乱和不必要的延误。
Broadly, the process can be divided into three phases: closing accounts and contracts in Spain, finalising and legalising academic documents, and completing the Chinese credential verification along with any domestic administrative registrations. Throughout this article, we emphasise the importance of obtaining the Apostille stamp, because since November 2023, China has joined the Hague Convention, meaning that most public documents from Spain bearing an Apostille are directly recognised in China without the need for consular legalisation.
从整体上看，整个流程可分为三个阶段：注销西班牙的账户和合同，办妥并认证学历文件，以及回国后完成中国学历认证和必要的行政注册。需要特别强调的是，自2023年11月起，中国正式加入海牙公约，这意味着大多数加盖 Apostille 海牙认证的西班牙公文书可以直接在中国使用，无需再办理领事认证，这将为你省去不少工夫。
2. Finalising University Documents in Spain | 在西班牙办妥学校文件
Your first priority should be to obtain the official degree certificate (título) and the full academic transcript (certificado académico). Spanish universities typically issue the title a few months after the graduation ceremony, but many provide a provisional degree certificate (certificación sustitutoria) that carries the same legal weight for most administrative procedures. Request both documents as early as possible, preferably in person at the Secretaría, and keep several copies—some institutions will require you to submit a coloured copy along with the original.
你首先要拿到的就是正式学位证书（título）和完整的成绩单（certificado académico）。西班牙的学位证书往往在毕业典礼后数月才会发放，但学校一般可以提供具有同等法律效力的临时毕业证明（certificación sustitutoria），其在绝大多数行政手续中均被认可。请尽早向学校秘书处申请这两份文件，并多备几份副本——部分机构会要求你提交彩色副本与原件。
If you plan to leave Spain before the degree is printed, arrange a forwarding address or authorise a trusted friend to collect it on your behalf. Also ask whether the university can issue an English version of the transcript; while not mandatory for Chinese credential verification, it can be helpful for international job applications.
如果你打算在学位证书印制前就离开西班牙，请提前安排好邮寄地址或授权可靠的朋友代为领取。同时，不妨询问学校能否出具英文版成绩单；虽然中国学历认证不强制要求英文版，但它在国际求职中非常实用。
3. Legalising and Authenticating Academic Documents | 学历文件的公证与Apostille认证
For your Spanish qualifications to be accepted in China, they must be authenticated. Since China’s accession to the Apostille Convention on 7 November 2023, the most straightforward route is an Apostille stamp issued by the competent authority in Spain. Your degree certificate and transcript, once signed by the university, can be apostilled through the Spanish Ministry of Education (for national universities) or the relevant regional authority, and then, if required, by the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In practice, many autonomous communities now handle the apostille directly through their legalisation offices.
要在国内获得认可，你的西班牙学历文件必须经过认证。鉴于中国自2023年11月7日起已加入海牙公约，目前最便捷的方式就是获取西班牙主管机构签发的 Apostille 印章。带有学校签字的学位证书和成绩单，可依次通过西班牙教育部（针对国立大学）或相应大区主管机构、以及必要时通过西班牙外交部办理 Apostille 认证。实际操作中，许多自治区已直接通过本地认证办公室一站式完成 Apostille。
Do not confuse the Apostille with a simple notary certification, which is not sufficient for use in Chinese government systems. Once apostilled, the document is ready for submission to the Chinese Service Center for Scholarly Exchange (CSCSE). Some applicants also have the document translated into Chinese by a certified translation agency, though the CSCSE currently accepts scans of the original Spanish documents for initial verification.
请注意，Apostille 海牙认证不同于普通的公证处公证，后者不足以用于中国官方体系。加盖 Apostille 后，文件便可提交至中国教育部留学服务中心。部分申请人还会委托专业翻译机构将文件翻译成中文，但留服中心目前允许先行上传西班牙语原件扫描件进行初审。
| Step | 步骤 |
|---|---|
| 1. Collect original degree and transcript | 领取学位证和成绩单原件 |
| 2. Apostille via regional education authority | 通过大区教育机构办理 Apostille |
| 3. (If needed) Apostille from Ministry of Foreign Affairs | （如需）外交部 Apostille |
| 4. Scan colour copies for CSCSE application | 扫描彩色副本用于留服申请 |
| 5. Optional Chinese translation | 可选中文翻译件 |
4. Obtaining a Certificate of No Criminal Record | 办理无犯罪记录证明
A Certificate of No Criminal Record (Certificado de Antecedentes Penales) is not always required for a smooth return, but it may be requested by certain employers, especially state‑owned enterprises or when applying for public service positions. If you have lived in Spain for more than six months, obtaining this certificate while you are still in the country is far easier than doing so from overseas.
无犯罪记录证明（Certificado de Antecedentes Penales）并非回国所必需，但一些用人单位，尤其是国有企事业单位或公务员岗位，可能会要求提供。如果你在西班牙居住超过六个月，离开西班牙之前办理该证明要远比境外申请容易得多。
You can request the certificate online through the Spanish Ministry of Justice’s sede electrónica if you have a digital certificate (Cl@ve or DNI electrónico) or in person at the Gerencia Territorial. After receiving it, have the certificate apostilled as well. The process is free of charge and usually takes around a week, though it may take longer during peak periods.
你可以通过西班牙司法部的电子办公平台在线申请（需持有数字证书、Cl@ve或电子居留卡），也可以前往当地司法部门（Gerencia Territorial）现场办理。收到证明后，同样需要为其办理 Apostille 认证。该手续免费，通常一周左右即可办妥，但在高峰时段可能会稍有延长。
5. Managing Residence Permit (TIE) and Deregistration | 居留卡管理与注销
Your study‑purpose residence permit (TIE) will naturally expire once your programme ends, and you are not obliged to cancel it formally. However, if you hold a long‑term TIE and intend to renounce your residence status, you can voluntarily deregister at the Oficina de Extranjería. Doing so creates a clean immigration record and may be beneficial if you later apply for a different visa.
以学习为目的的居留卡（TIE）在学业结束后自然会到期，你并非必须主动注销。但如果你持有长期居留卡并希望放弃居留身份，可以前往移民局（Oficina de Extranjería）自愿办理注销。这有助于保持干净的移民记录，将来再申请其他种类的签证时或许会更为便利。
Equally important is your empadronamiento, the municipal register. Before leaving, request a baja por traslado al extranjero at the town hall. This deregistration can be confirmed with a Certificado de Baja, which you should keep as proof that you are no longer a resident. The certificate may be needed when cancelling contracts or when Chinese authorities request evidence that you have permanently returned.
同样重要的是市政府户籍登记（empadronamiento）。离境前，务必前往当地市政府办理“迁往国外注销登记”（baja por traslado al extranjero），并索取一份注销证明（Certificado de Baja）。这份证明可以证明你已不再居住于该地，在取消合同或国内部门要求提供归国证明时可能会派上用场。
6. Closing Financial Accounts: Bank, Utilities, and Insurance | 关闭金融账户：银行、水电及保险
Spanish bank accounts often carry monthly maintenance fees, so it is wise to close them unless you have a long‑term reason to keep them open. Visit your branch with your passport and TIE, settle any outstanding balances, and request written confirmation of account closure. If you have student loans or credit cards, ensure they are fully paid off before leaving.
西班牙的银行账户通常会收取月维护费，因此除非有长期保留的需要，最好将其关闭。携带护照和居留卡前往开户行，结清余额，并索取书面的销户凭证。如果有学生贷款或信用卡，请一定在离境前还清所有欠款。
Cancel your private health insurance (seguro médico) if you will not need it any longer; many policies auto‑renew, so give written notice ahead of time. Similarly, if your name appears on electricity, water, gas or internet contracts, arrange for the final bills and, where required, read the meters. Return the router and any rented equipment to avoid penalty charges.
如果不再需要私人医疗保险，也请及时取消；许多保单会自动续期，因此要提前发出书面通知。如果你的名字出现在电、水、燃气或宽带合同上，需安排结清尾款，并在需要时读取表数。记得归还路由器和所有租赁设备，以免产生罚款。
7. Terminating Rental Agreements and Address Deregistration | 终止租房合同与地址注销
Review your rental contract for the notice period, which is typically one month in Spain. Send a formal written notice (burofax is recommended) to your landlord, and arrange a checkout inspection to agree on the return of your deposit. Photograph the property’s condition as evidence to prevent unjustified deductions.
请仔细查看租房合同中关于通知期的规定，西班牙通常要求提前一个月通知。最好用书面挂号信（burofax）的方式向房东发出正式通知，并约好退房检查时间，以便当面协商押金退还问题。拍照记录房屋状况作为证据，可以有效防止不合理扣款。
After the rental agreement ends, remind your landlord to cancel the contract’s utility services if they were in your name, and then proceed to the town hall for the definitive empadronamiento baja. Ideally, this should be the last administrative step related to housing, as you will need to provide your new address abroad.
租房合同终止后，记得提醒房东将合同中以你名义注册的水电等服务更名或取消，然后再去市政府办理最终的户籍注销。最好是把它作为住房相关行政手续的最后一步，这样你只需要提供一个国外的住址即可。
8. Handling Mobile and Other Subscriptions | 处理手机及其他订阅
If you hold a post‑paid mobile phone contract, check whether you are still within the minimum stay period. Contract termination can often be requested online, but you may need to pay a penalty if you are leaving early. Alternatively, you may switch to a prepaid plan just to keep the number active for a few extra weeks.
如果你签有后付费手机合同，先确认是否仍处于合约期内。通常可以通过运营商官网申请解约，但提前解约可能需要支付违约金。另一种做法是将套餐转为预付费模式，使号码再保留几周，方便接收验证码或过渡期的联系。
Do not forget other recurring commitments such as gym memberships, digital subscriptions (Spotify, Netflix) and professional association fees. Cancel them well in advance and retain the confirmation emails. A quick review of your bank statements will help identify any forgotten direct debits.
别忘了检查健身房会员、数字订阅（如 Spotify、Netflix）以及行业协会会费等定期扣款项目。提前取消并保留确认邮件。快速浏览一下银行流水，就能发现是否有被遗忘的代扣款项。
9. Important Notes: Cancellation of the Return Certificate and Consular Registration | 重要提示：留学回国人员证明的取消与领事登记
Many students still ask about the “Return Certificate for Overseas Chinese Students”. Please note that this document was officially abolished by the Chinese Ministry of Education in November 2020 and is no longer issued or required for any purpose. The sole document now needed for official recognition of a foreign degree in China is the CSCSE credential report.
许多学生仍然会问起《留学回国人员证明》。请注意，该证明已于 2020 年 11 月被中国教育部正式取消，不再签发，也无需用于任何事务。目前，外国学历在中国获得官方认可的唯一凭据就是教育部留学服务中心开具的学历认证报告。
For your own peace of mind, you may complete the online consular registration with the Chinese Embassy or Consulate in Spain before departure. Although it is voluntary, having your details on file can be helpful if you ever need consular assistance during your last days or if you return for visits. It does not replace any degree‑related procedure.
为了让自己多一份安心，你可以在离境前通过中国驻西班牙大使馆或领事馆的“中国领事”APP 完成领事登记。虽然纯属自愿，但留档个人信息在你最后几周需要领事协助或日后再次出境时可能会带来便利。不过，该登记不能替代任何学历相关的步骤。
10. Pre-departure Checklist and Shipping Belongings | 离境清单与行李寄送
Compile a checklist that captures: all documents apostilled and scanned, bank accounts closed, contracts cancelled, TIE/empadronamiento status resolved, and any medical or dental records obtained. Physical copies should be packed in your carry‑on luggage, not in checked bags or shipped boxes.
请整理一份离境清单，涵盖：所有已办理 Apostille 并扫描的文件、关闭的银行账户、取消的合同、已解决的居留及户籍状态，以及获取的医疗或牙科记录。纸质原件务必放在随身行李中，不可托运或邮寄。
Shipping personal belongings from Spain to China can be done via international moving companies or freight services. Request a detailed inventory and insurance, and check Chinese customs regulations on used personal items. In general, returning residents are allowed duty‑free import of reasonable quantities of used clothing, books and electronics, but you should declare high‑value items and keep receipts.
将个人物品从西班牙寄回中国，可以委托国际搬家公司或货运代理。要求提供详细的物品清单并投保，同时了解中国海关对回国居民携带自用物品的免税规定。通常，合理数量的旧衣物、书籍和电子产品可免税入境，但高价值物品需主动申报并保留发票。
11. Post-arrival in China: Degree Verification via CSCSE | 回国后：教育部留学服务中心学历认证
Once you are back in China, the most critical step is to apply for the verification of your Spanish degree through the Chinese Service Center for Scholarly Exchange. The entire procedure is conducted online via the centre’s portal. You will need to create an account, fill in your personal and academic details, and upload colour scans of your passport, visa/residence permit pages, degree certificate, transcript and the corresponding Apostille pages.
回国后最关键的一步就是通过教育部留学服务中心办理西班牙学历认证。全过程均在留服中心官网线上完成。你需要注册账号，填写个人与学业信息，并上传护照、签证/居留卡页、学位证书、成绩单以及相应 Apostille 页面的彩色扫描件。
The CSCSE now accepts apostilled Spanish documents directly; consular legalisation is no longer required. You must also upload a signed authorisation letter and a recent passport‑style photo. Processing time is generally 10–20 working days, and the fee is currently 360 RMB. Once approved, you will receive an electronic credential report, which you can print and present to employers or HR departments.
留服中心目前直接认可已办理 Apostille 的西班牙文件，无需再提供领事认证。你还需要上传已签名的授权声明和一张近期护照照片。审核时间一般为 10 至 20 个工作日，费用目前为 360 元人民币。审核通过后，你将获得一份电子版认证报告，可打印后提供给用人单位或人事部门。
| Required Document | 所需文件 |
|---|---|
| Passport photo page and visa/residence pages | 护照照片页及签证/居留页 |
| Spanish degree certificate (apostilled) | 西班牙学位证书（已 Apostille） |
| Academic transcript (apostilled) | 成绩单（已 Apostille） |
| Authorisation letter (downloaded from CSCSE) | 授权声明（从留服中心下载） |
| Recent colour passport photo | 近期彩色护照照片 |
12. Household Registration, Employment Registration, and Other Admin | 户口、就业报到及其他手续
If your hukou was temporarily stored at a university or talent centre before your studies abroad, you will likely need to reactivate it. With the CSCSE verification report, your employment contract and the necessary application forms, you can request the restoration of your hukou at the local police station. Policies vary among cities, so consult the public security bureau beforehand.
如果你在出国前将户口暂时挂靠在学校或人才中心，回国后可能需要办理恢复手续。凭借留服中心出具的学历认证报告、劳动合同以及相关申请表，可向属地派出所申请恢复户口。各地政策略有不同，建议提前咨询当地公安户籍部门。
For employment, you may need to bring the CSCSE credential report, your Spanish degree and transcript, and the apostilled no‑criminal‑record certificate to your employer’s HR office. In some cities, you can also receive a residence permit for overseas returnees or other benefits through the local talent programme. Check with the local overseas‑Chinese service centre for details.
就业方面，你可能需要将留服学历认证报告、西班牙学位证和成绩单以及已 Apostille 的无犯罪记录证明一并提交给单位人事部门。在部分城市，你还可以通过当地人才引进计划申领归国留学人员居住证或享受其他福利。详情可咨询当地留学人员服务中心。
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