📚 Latest Study Abroad Policies Overview and Analysis | 各国最新留学政策汇总与解读
As global mobility recovers, several key study-abroad destinations have adjusted their visa rules, post-study work rights, and financial requirements. This article summarises the most important policy changes across major countries to help students and parents make informed decisions.
随着全球往来逐步恢复，多个主要留学目的地调整了签证规定、毕业后工签权利以及资金证明要求。本文汇总了主要留学国家最重要的政策变化，帮助同学和家长做出明智选择。
1. United States: Visa and Work Options | 美国：签证与工作选择更新
The STEM OPT extension remains 24 months for graduates in science, technology, engineering and maths fields, providing a total of up to 36 months of work authorisation after a degree. This policy continues to make US programmes highly attractive for international students seeking hands-on training.
针对科学、技术、工程和数学领域毕业生的STEM OPT延期政策仍为24个月，这样学生在取得学位后最多可获得36个月的工作授权。该政策使美国课程对有实践需求的学生极具吸引力。
The H-1B visa lottery has moved to a beneficiary-centric selection system since 2024, meaning each individual is entered only once regardless of how many employers sponsor them. This reform increases fairness and slightly improves the odds for international graduates with a single US job offer.
自2024年起H-1B抽签改为以受益人为中心的筛选方式，无论有多少雇主申请，每个个体只计入一次。这项改革提升了公平性，也略微提高了仅有一份工作邀请的国际毕业生的中签率。
F-1 student visas can now be issued up to 365 days before the programme start date, and the interview waiver eligibility has been expanded for certain renewal applicants. These measures aim to reduce appointment delays and ease the entry process.
F-1学生签证现在最早可在课程开始前365天签发，且对特定续签申请人扩大了面试豁免资格。这些举措旨在减少预约延误，简化入境流程。
2. United Kingdom: Graduate Route and Dependent Rules | 英国：毕业生路径与陪读政策
The Graduate Route continues to offer two years of unrestricted work rights for bachelor’s and master’s graduates and three years for PhD holders. This unsponsored post-study visa remains a major draw, though the government keeps it under periodic review.
毕业生路径继续为学士和硕士毕业生提供两年不受限制的工作权，博士毕业生为三年。这种无需雇主担保的毕业后签证仍是一大优势，但政府会对其进行定期审查。
Since January 2024, new international students on taught master’s programmes can no longer bring dependants to the UK. Only research-based postgraduate students and those on government-sponsored courses retain the right to have family accompany them.
从2024年1月起，就读授课型硕士课程的新生无法再携带亲属来英。只有研究型研究生和政府资助课程的学生仍保留家属随行的权利。
The limit on working hours during term time remains at 20 hours per week for degree-level students. Post-pandemic flexibility has been withdrawn, so compliance with the 20-hour cap is strictly monitored.
学期内打工时限仍为学位课程学生每周20小时。疫情后的弹性政策已取消，因此对每周20小时的上限监管更加严格。
3. Canada: Study Permit Cap and PGWP Updates | 加拿大：学签上限与毕业工签新规
In 2024 Canada introduced a temporary two-year cap on new study permits, targeting approximately 360,000 approvals annually. International students must now secure a provincial attestation letter before applying, effectively adding a step to the process.
2024年加拿大对新增学习许可设置了临时两年上限，每年约批准36万份。国际学生现在必须在申请前获得省府证明信，这实际上为申请流程增加了一个环节。
Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) eligibility has been tightened for some private college programmes delivered under curriculum licensing agreements. Graduates from public institutions and those in high-demand sectors retain full PGWP access, while others face new restrictions.
毕业后工签资格收紧，尤其针对一些课程授权协议下的私立学院课程。公立院校和高需求领域的毕业生仍可完全获得毕业后工签，但其他课程毕业生则受到新的限制。
Spousal open work permits are now restricted to partners of students enrolled in master’s or doctoral programmes, closing a loophole that previously allowed spouses of diploma-level students to work full time.
配偶开放式工签现在仅限于攻读硕士或博士学位的学生配偶，填补了此前大专层次学生配偶也能全职工作的漏洞。
4. Australia: Extended Post-Study Work Rights | 澳大利亚：毕业生工作权利延长
From mid-2023, the Temporary Graduate visa subclas 485 has been extended for eligible graduates in specified skill-shortage areas. Bachelor’s graduates can receive up to 4 years, master’s up to 5 years, and PhD holders up to 6 years of post-study work rights.
从2023年中起，对于紧缺技能领域的毕业生，485类临时毕业生签证获得延长。学士毕业生可获得最长4年、硕士最长5年、博士最长6年的毕业后工作权利。
The genuine temporary entrant requirement is now applied more rigorously during student visa assessment. Applicants must demonstrate their intention to study and then return or stay temporarily, which makes poorly prepared statements more likely to be refused.
学生签证审核中对真实临时入境者的要求更加严格。申请人必须表明其学习意图及随后返回或短期停留的意向，准备不充分的陈述更易导致拒签。
Work hour limits for student visa holders were reset to 48 hours per fortnight from mid-2023, up from the pre-pandemic 40 hours. This gives students more flexibility to support their living costs while studying.
从2023年中起，学生签证持有人的打工上限恢复为每两周48小时，高于疫情前的40小时。这让学生在贴补生活费时有了更多弹性。
5. New Zealand: Post-Study Work Visa and Financial Requirements | 新西兰：毕业后工签与资金要求
New Zealand’s Post-Study Work Visa grants one to three years of full work rights depending on the qualification level and length of study. A Level 7 bachelor’s degree or higher can secure three years, while shorter diplomas may qualify for a shorter duration.
新西兰的毕业后工签根据学历等级和学习时长给予一至三年的全职工作权。7级学士及以上学位可获得三年，而较短的文凭课程可能只能获得较短工签。
The minimum funds requirement for student visa applications has increased to better reflect living costs. Applicants must now show evidence of NZD 20,000 per year for living expenses, up from the previous NZD 15,000, along with tuition fees and return travel funds.
学生签证申请的最低资金要求有所上调，以更好反映生活成本。申请人现在每年须证明2万新西兰元生活费，高于原先的1.5万新元，此外还需提供学费和往返旅费。
6. Germany: Job-Seeker Visa and Blue Card | 德国：找工作签证与蓝卡政策
Graduates from German universities can apply for an 18-month job-seeker residence permit after completing their studies. During this period they may take any employment to support themselves while looking for a qualified position relevant to their degree.
在德国高校毕业后，国际学生可以申请18个月的找工作居留许可。在此期间，他们可以从事任何工作维持生计，同时寻找与专业相关的合格职位。
The EU Blue Card salary threshold for Germany was lowered in November 2023 for shortage occupations, making it easier for recent graduates in IT, engineering and healthcare to qualify for long-term residence. The minimum annual gross salary for bottleneck professions dropped to around EUR 39,683.
2023年11月起，德国针对紧缺职业降低了欧盟蓝卡的工资门槛，使IT、工程和医疗领域的应届毕业生更容易获得长期居留资格。瓶颈职业的最低年薪总额降至约39,683欧元。
International students on a residence permit can work 120 full days or 240 half days per year, with student assistant roles at the university often exempt from this cap. This balanced regulation encourages study but allows significant work experience.
持居留许可的国际学生每年可工作120个全天或240个半天，而大学内的学生助理岗位通常不在此限制之内。这一平衡规定既鼓励学习，又允许积累可观的工作经验。
7. France: APS Residence and Tuition Adjustments | 法国：APS居留与学费调整
Graduates with a master’s degree or higher can apply for a 12-month APS (autorisation provisoire de séjour) to look for a job or start a company. This non-renewable residence permit simplifies the transition from student to professional status.
硕士及以上学历的毕业生可以申请为期12个月的APS临时居留许可，用于找工作或创业。这一不可续签的居留许可简化了从学生到职业身份的过渡。
While the French government introduced differentiated tuition fees for non-EU students in 2019, many public universities have since opted to waive or reduce these extra charges. As of 2024, a large number of institutions charge the same low rate as EU students, but applicants should verify individual university policies.
虽然法国政府自2019年起对非欧盟学生实行差异化学费，但许多公立大学此后选择免除或减收额外费用。截至2024年，大量院校收取与欧盟学生相同的低费率，但申请人仍需确认各校政策。
PhD students benefit from the same registration fees as EU candidates, around EUR 380 per year, and have access to specific research residency permits that streamline the pathway to permanent settlement.
博士生享有与欧盟生一样的注册费，每年约380欧元，并可获得特定的研究员居留许可，为长期定居铺平道路。
8. Japan: Job-Hunting Visa and Employment Support | 日本：求职签证与就业支持
Japan has extended the Designated Activities visa for international graduates who are actively job-hunting. After completing their degree, students may stay in Japan for up to an additional year specifically to seek full-time employment, with the possibility of renewal if job-seeking efforts are genuine.
日本为积极求职的国际毕业生延长了特定活动签证。完成学位后，学生可以在日本额外停留最长一年专门寻找全职工作，且若确实在努力求职，还有可能续签。
The Ministry of Justice has streamlined the change of status of residence for graduates who secure jobs related to their field of study. The process now places more emphasis on the employer’s sponsorship and the job’s relevance, reducing wait times for work permits.
法务省简化了获得专业相关工作的毕业生变更在留资格的流程。现在这一过程更注重雇主担保和岗位相关性，缩短了工作许可的等待时间。
Part-time work permission is granted automatically for up to 28 hours per week upon entering Japan. This helps students manage living costs while the government also expands internship matching platforms between universities and local companies.
入境日本时自动批准每周最长28小时的打工资格。这帮助学生应对生活开支，而政府也在扩大大学与当地企业之间的实习对接平台。
Published by TutorHao | Study Abroad Policies Revision Series | aleveler.com
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