A Step-by-Step Science Case Study: Light and Seed Germination | 科学案例分析实战演练：光照如何影响种子发芽

📚 A Step-by-Step Science Case Study: Light and Seed Germination | 科学案例分析实战演练：光照如何影响种子发芽

In Year 7 Science, you will often come across case studies—real or made-up scenarios that test your understanding of scientific ideas and practical skills. This article takes you through a step-by-step case study about light and seed germination, showing exactly how to analyse an experiment, interpret data, and draw conclusions. By the end, you’ll feel more confident tackling similar questions in your CCEA assessments.

在七年级科学中，你经常会遇到案例分析题——这些是真实或虚构的情境，用来考察你对科学概念和实验技能的理解。本文将带你逐步分析一个关于光照与种子发芽的案例，具体展示如何分析实验、解读数据并得出结论。读完本文后，你将对应对 CCEA 评估中的类似题目更有信心。

1. What is a Case Study in Science? | 什么是科学案例分析？

A case study in science is like being a detective. You are given a story about an experiment or an observation, along with some data. Your job is to use your scientific knowledge to explain what happened and why.

科学中的案例分析就像当侦探。你面前有一个关于实验或观察的故事，以及一些数据。你的任务就是运用科学知识来解释发生了什么以及为什么。

In CCEA exams, case studies often ask you to identify variables, spot mistakes in methods, present data in graphs, and write conclusions. Mastering this skill helps you think like a real scientist.

在 CCEA 考试中，案例分析通常会要求你找出变量、发现实验方法中的错误、用图表展示数据并写出结论。掌握这项技能有助于你像真正的科学家一样思考。

2. The Case: Investigating Light and Seed Germination | 案例：探究光照与种子发芽

Sarah wanted to find out if light affects the germination of mung bean seeds. She planted 10 seeds in each of two identical trays filled with moist cotton wool. One tray was placed on a sunny windowsill (light), and the other inside a dark cupboard (no light). She made sure both trays had the same amount of water and were kept at room temperature.

莎拉想知道光照是否会影响绿豆种子的发芽。她在两个相同的托盘中各放了10颗种子，都铺上湿润的棉花。一个托盘放在阳光充足的窗台上（有光照），另一个放在黑暗的橱柜里（无光照）。她确保两个托盘水量相同，都处于室温下。

Every day for 7 days, Sarah counted how many seeds in each tray had germinated (sprouted a root or shoot). She recorded her results carefully.

连续7天，莎拉每天记录每个托盘中有多少颗种子发芽（长出了根或芽），并进行了仔细记录。

3. Step 1: Identifying the Aim and Variables | 步骤1：确定目的和变量

The aim of the experiment is to investigate how light affects the germination of mung bean seeds.

实验的目的是探究光照如何影响绿豆种子的发芽。

The independent variable (the one you change) is the presence or absence of light.

自变量（你改变的那个因素）是有光照或无光照。

The dependent variable (the one you measure) is the number of seeds that germinate each day.

因变量（你测量的那个因素）是每天发芽的种子数。

Controlled variables (things you keep the same) include the type of seed, number of seeds (10 per tray), amount of water, type of cotton wool, temperature, and size of tray. Keeping these constant ensures a fair test.

控制变量（保持不变的因素）包括种子种类、种子数量（每个托盘10颗）、水量、棉花种类、温度以及托盘大小。保持这些因素不变才能确保公平测试。

4. Step 2: Examining the Method | 步骤2：检查实验方法

A good method is clear and repeatable. Sarah’s method allowed a fair test because only one variable was changed (light). However, could another scientist repeat her experiment just from her description? We should check for detail.

一个好的实验方法是清晰且可重复的。莎拉的方法做到了公平测试，因为只改变了一个变量（光照）。但是，另一位科学家能否仅凭她的描述就重复这个实验？我们需要检查细节。

For example, ‘moist cotton wool’ — how moist? ‘Same amount of water’ — how much? These could be made more accurate. Also, she used 10 seeds per tray, which is a reasonable sample size, but repeating the experiment would make results

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