📚 Core Knowledge Points for Year 7 WJEC Media Studies | Year 7 WJEC 媒体：核心知识点梳理
Welcome to your first steps into the world of media studies. In Year 7, you will explore how media products like films, adverts, magazines and websites are created, how they communicate meanings, and how audiences respond to them. This guide brings together all the essential concepts you need to build a strong foundation, covering media language, representation, audience and industry in an accessible way.
欢迎踏上媒体研究的第一步。在七年级，你将探索电影、广告、杂志和网站等媒体产品是如何创作的，它们如何传达意义，以及观众如何回应它们。这份指南汇集了你建立扎实基础所需的所有基本概念，以易懂的方式涵盖了媒体语言、再现、受众与产业。
1. What Is Media? | 什么是媒体？
Media refers to all the channels and tools we use to send and receive information and entertainment. This includes television, radio, film, newspapers, magazines, the internet, video games and social media. In media studies, we look at how these products are made and why they are shaped in certain ways.
媒体指的是我们用来发送和接收信息与娱乐的所有渠道和工具。这包括电视、广播、电影、报纸、杂志、互联网、电子游戏和社交媒体。在媒体研究中，我们考察这些产品是如何制作的，以及它们为什么被塑造成特定的形式。
2. Media Language: The Building Blocks | 媒体语言：基础构件
Media language is the special vocabulary we use to describe how media texts are put together. Key terms include ‘denotation’ (what you literally see or hear) and ‘connotation’ (the ideas or feelings associated with it). For example, a red rose might denote a flower but connote love or romance. Camera shots, angles, colours and sound all form part of this language.
媒体语言是我们用来描述媒体文本如何组合的特殊词汇。关键术语包括“外延”（你字面上看到或听到的）和“内涵”（与之相关的想法或感受）。例如，一朵红玫瑰外延可能是一朵花，但内涵可能是爱情或浪漫。镜头景别、角度、色彩和声音都是这一语言的一部分。
3. Camera Shots and Their Meanings | 镜头景别及其含义
Filmmakers choose different shot types to guide our attention and feelings. An extreme long shot shows a wide landscape, often making characters look small and isolated. A close-up focuses on a face or object, revealing emotion or detail. A low-angle shot looks up at a character, making them seem powerful, while a high-angle shot looks down, making them appear vulnerable.
电影制作者选择不同的镜头类型来引导我们的注意力和感受。极远景展示宽阔的风景，常常让角色显得渺小而孤立。特写聚焦于面部或物体，揭示情感或细节。低角度镜头从下往上拍摄角色，使其显得强大，而高角度镜头从上往下看，使其显得脆弱。
4. Sound in Media: Diegetic and Non-Diegetic | 媒体中的声音：剧情声和非剧情声
Sound is a powerful tool in storytelling. Diegetic sound is any noise that comes from inside the story world, such as characters talking, a door slamming or music from a radio in the scene. Non-diegetic sound is added only for the audience, like a film’s background score or a voice‑over narrator. Understanding the difference helps you analyse how mood and meaning are created.
声音是讲故事的有力工具。剧情声是来自故事世界内部的任何声音，例如角色说话、门砰地关上或场景中收音机播放的音乐。非剧情声是仅为观众添加的，如电影的背景配乐或画外音叙述者。理解这一区别有助于你分析氛围和意义是如何创造的。
5. Mise-en-Scène: Everything in the Frame | 场面调度：画面中的一切
Mise-en-scène is a French term meaning ‘placed in the scene’. It covers everything you can see in a shot: set design, props, costumes, lighting, colour and the positioning of characters. A dark, messy room with shadows can suggest danger or mystery, while a bright, tidy kitchen with warm colours feels safe and welcoming. Every visual choice is deliberate.
场面调度是一个法语术语，意为“放入场景中”。它涵盖了你在一帧画面中能看到的一切：布景设计、道具、服装、灯光、色彩以及角色的位置。一个黑暗、凌乱、布满阴影的房间可能暗示危险或神秘，而一个明亮、整洁、以暖色为主的厨房则让人感觉安全和友好。每一个视觉选择都是有意的。
6. Representation: Portraying People and Places | 再现：描绘人与地
Representation means how media texts show the world, people, events and ideas. Media producers select and construct versions of reality, which can shape our perceptions. You will study stereotypes, such as the ‘tough action hero’ or the ‘helpless princess’, and learn to question whether a portrayal is fair, balanced or challenging expectations. Representation includes gender, age, ethnicity, social class and more.
再现指媒体文本如何展示世界、人、事件和想法。媒体制作者挑选并构建现实的版本，这可以塑造我们的认知。你将学习刻板印象，例如“硬汉动作英雄”或“无助的公主”，并学会质疑某种描绘是否公平、平衡或挑战了预期。再现包括性别、年龄、种族、社会阶层等多个方面。
7. Audience: Who Is It For? | 受众：为谁而做？
Every media product has a target audience – the specific group of people it aims to reach. Producers think about age, gender, interests and lifestyle when creating content. The same story can be told very differently to appeal to children, teenagers or adults. Audience theories like uses and gratifications (why people seek out media) can help explain our media choices.
每一种媒体产品都有目标受众——它希望接触到的特定人群。制作者在创作内容时会考虑年龄、性别、兴趣和生活方式。同一个故事可以以非常不同的方式讲述，以吸引儿童、青少年或成人。诸如使用与满足理论（人们为何寻求媒体）这样的受众理论可以帮助解释我们的媒体选择。
8. Genre: Codes and Conventions | 类型：符码与惯例
Genre is a way of grouping media texts with shared features. Horror films often use dark lighting, jump scares and isolated settings; these are the genre’s codes and conventions. Understanding genre helps audiences know what to expect and helps producers meet audience demands. However, some media texts mix genres, like a romantic comedy, or subvert genre expectations to surprise us.
类型是将具有共同特征的媒体文本分组的一种方式。恐怖片经常使用黑暗的灯光、跳跃惊吓和孤立的环境；这些就是类型的符码与惯例。理解类型有助于观众知道预期什么，也帮助制作者满足观众需求。然而，一些媒体文本混合类型，如浪漫喜剧，或者颠覆类型预期来给我们惊喜。
9. Narrative Structure: How Stories Are Told | 叙事结构：故事如何讲述
Narrative is the way a story is organised and presented. Many stories follow a three‑act structure: a beginning that sets up a problem, a middle with rising conflict, and an end that resolves it. You might also learn about Todorov’s theory of equilibrium – a state of balance is disrupted, recognised and eventually restored. Media texts can also play with time using flashbacks or flash‑forwards.
叙事是指故事被组织和呈现的方式。许多故事遵循三幕结构：开头提出问题，中间冲突升级，结尾解决冲突。你可能还会学习托多罗夫的平衡理论——平衡状态被打破、被察觉并最终得以恢复。媒体文本还可以通过闪回或闪前的手法来玩弄时间。
10. The Media Industry: Making and Selling | 媒体产业：制作与销售
Media products are made by industries that spend money, earn revenue and follow regulations. They must think about funding, distribution and marketing. For example, a film company will use posters, trailers and social media to promote a new movie. Regulation bodies like Ofcom set rules for what can be shown on TV, especially before the watershed (9pm) when children might be watching.
媒体产品由花费资金、赚取收入并遵守监管的产业制作。它们必须考虑资金、发行和市场营销。例如，一家电影公司会使用海报、预告片和社交媒体来推广新电影。像Ofcom这样的监管机构为电视上可以播放的内容制定规则，尤其是在分水岭时间（晚上9点）之前，那时可能有儿童在观看。
11. Analysing a Media Text Step by Step | 逐步分析媒体文本
When you analyse any media text, start with a simple checklist. Describe what you see (denotation) and what it suggests (connotation). Identify the media language elements: camera shots, mise‑en‑scène, sound and editing. Consider who the target audience is and how they are being addressed. Finally, think about representation: is any person, group or issue being portrayed in a particular way, and why?
当你分析任何媒体文本时，从一份简单的清单开始。描述你看到的内容（外延）以及它暗示了什么（内涵）。识别媒体语言元素：镜头景别、场面调度、声音和剪辑。考虑目标受众是谁以及他们是如何被对话的。最后，思考再现：是否有任何人、群体或议题以某种特定的方式被描绘，为什么？
12. Revision Tips and Key Terms Bank | 复习技巧与关键术语库
Build your own media glossary with terms like genre, convention, stereotype, target audience, denotation, connotation, diegetic, non‑diegetic, mise‑en‑scène, narrative and representation. Practise analysing short clips or posters using this vocabulary. Compare two different media texts aimed at different audiences and note how they change their approach. Revise actively by creating mind maps and flashcards for each main concept.
建立你自己的媒体词汇表，包含诸如类型、惯例、刻板印象、目标受众、外延、内涵、剧情声、非剧情声、场面调度、叙事和再现等术语。运用这些词汇练习分析短片或海报。比较两个针对不同受众的媒体文本，注意它们的方法如何变化。通过为每个主要概念创建思维导图和闪卡进行主动复习。
Published by TutorHao | Media Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导