Edexcel Year 7 Psychology: Quick Reference Handbook of Formulas and Theorems | Year 7 Edexcel 心理学：公式定理速查手册

📚 Edexcel Year 7 Psychology: Quick Reference Handbook of Formulas and Theorems | Year 7 Edexcel 心理学：公式定理速查手册

Welcome to the Year 7 Edexcel Psychology Quick Reference Handbook of Formulas and Theorems. Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behaviour, and it relies on reproducible laws and mathematical relationships to explain how we sense, remember, learn, and perform. This handbook brings together the most important formulas, principles, and equations you will encounter in your Edexcel Year 7 course. Each entry is presented with a clear definition, the formula where applicable, and a brief example drawn from everyday life. Use this as a revision companion to understand and quickly recall key psychological laws.

欢迎使用 Year 7 Edexcel 心理学公式定理速查手册。心理学是研究心理和行为的科学，它依靠可重复的定律和数学关系来解释我们如何感觉、记忆、学习和表现。本手册汇集了你在 Edexcel Year 7 课程中将遇到的最重要的公式、原理和方程式。每个条目都包含清晰的定义、适用的公式以及来自日常生活的简单示例。请把这份手册作为你复习的伙伴，帮助你理解并快速回忆关键的心理学定律。

1. Weber’s Law | 韦伯定律

Weber’s Law is a fundamental principle of psychophysics. It states that the just noticeable difference (JND) between two stimuli – the smallest change we can detect – is a constant proportion of the original stimulus intensity. This means that if you are holding a light weight, you will notice a very small increase, but if you are holding a heavy weight, a much larger increase is needed before you feel the difference.

韦伯定律是心理物理学的基本原理。它指出，两个刺激之间的刚刚能察觉到的差别（最小可觉差 JND）与原始刺激强度之比是一个常数。这意味着，如果你拿着一个很轻的物体，你会察觉到极小的增量；但如果你拿着一个很重的物体，则需要大得多的增量你才能感觉到差别。

The law is expressed by the formula:

该定律用公式表示为：

ΔI / I = k

In this equation, ΔI is the smallest detectable change in intensity (the JND), I is the original intensity, and k is the Weber constant, which differs for each sensory modality.

在这个公式中，ΔI 是可检测到的最小强度变化（即最小可觉差），I 是原始强度，k 是韦伯常数，不同感觉通道的 k 值不同。

Typical values of k help explain why we are very sensitive to changes in some senses but not in others:

一些典型的 k 值可以帮助解释为什么我们对某些感觉的变化非常敏感，而对另一些则不那么敏感：

The smaller the constant, the greater our sensitivity to differences. For example, we are far better at noticing small changes in pitch than small changes in saltiness.

常数越小，表示我们对差异的敏感度越高。例如，我们对音调的微小变化的察觉能力远强于对咸度变化的察觉能力。

2. Fechner’s Law | 费希纳定律

Building on Weber’s work, Fechner’s Law describes the relationship between the physical intensity of a stimulus and our subjective sensation of it. The law tells us that sensation does not grow in direct proportion to stimulus intensity; instead, it increases as the logarithm of the stimulus intensity. In practice, this means that doubling the brightness of a light does not make it seem twice as bright to us.

在韦伯研究的基础上，费希纳定律描述了刺激的物理强度与我们的主观感觉之间的关系。该定律告诉我们，感觉并非与刺激强度成正比增长；相反，感觉随刺激强度的对数而增加。实际上，这意味着将灯光亮度加倍并不会使我们在主观上感到亮度翻倍。

S = k log I

Here S is the perceived sensation magnitude, I is the physical intensity, and k is a constant that depends on the sensory modality. The base of the logarithm is typically 10.

这里 S 是感知到的感觉大小，I 是物理强度，k 是一个取决于感觉通道的常数。对数的底数通常为 10。

For instance, according to Fechner’s Law, if a sound’s physical intensity is multiplied by 10, our perception of loudness only doubles. This logarithmic relationship explains why we can cope with an enormous range of intensities – from a whisper to a jet engine – without our sensations becoming overwhelming.

例如，

Published by TutorHao | Year 7 Psychology Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）