Mock Paper Analysis for Year 7 CIE Psychology Unit Test: Memory and Research Methods | 7 年级 CIE 心理学单元测试模拟卷解析：记忆与研究方法

📚 Mock Paper Analysis for Year 7 CIE Psychology Unit Test: Memory and Research Methods | 7 年级 CIE 心理学单元测试模拟卷解析：记忆与研究方法

This article provides a detailed walkthrough of a mock unit test for Year 7 CIE Psychology, focusing on the topic of Memory and basic Research Methods. Each question is presented with the correct answer, a clear explanation, and key revision notes. Use this analysis to check your understanding and improve your exam technique.

本文为 7 年级 CIE 心理学单元测试模拟卷提供详细解析，主题集中在记忆和基础研究方法。每道题都给出正确答案、清晰的解释和关键复习笔记。利用这份解析来检查你的理解并提高你的考试技巧。

1. Question 1: Defining Psychology | 第1题：心理学的定义

Question: What is the definition of psychology?
A) The study of the brain and nervous system
B) The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
C) The treatment of mental illness
D) The analysis of dreams

题目：心理学的定义是什么？
A) 研究大脑和神经系统
B) 对行为和心智过程的科学研究
C) 治疗心理疾病
D) 分析梦境

Answer: B. Psychology is the scientific study of both observable behaviour and internal mental processes, such as memory, thinking and emotion. While the brain is studied in psychology, option A describes neuroscience more closely; option C refers to clinical practice or psychiatry, and option D is only one narrow area of interest.

答案：B。心理学是对可观察的行为和内部心智过程（如记忆、思维和情感）的科学研究。虽然心理学也研究大脑，但选项 A 更接近神经科学；选项 C 指临床实践或精神病学，选项 D 只是其中一个狭小的兴趣领域。

2. Question 2: Types of Memory | 第2题：记忆类型

Question: Which type of memory holds information for a very short time (a few seconds) before it is either forgotten or transferred to long-term memory?
A) Sensory memory
B) Short-term memory
C) Long-term memory
D) Working memory

题目：哪种记忆能将信息保持很短的时间（几秒钟），然后要么被遗忘，要么转入长时记忆？
A) 感觉记忆
B) 短时记忆
C) 长时记忆
D) 工作记忆

Answer: B. Short-term memory (STM) has a limited duration of about 18–30 seconds and a small capacity. Sensory memory (A) lasts only a fraction of a second. Long-term memory (C) has potentially unlimited duration, and working memory (D) is a more modern term for the active processing of information in STM, but the classic three-store model uses ‘short-term memory’ for the temporary store.

答案：B。短时记忆（STM）的持续时间有限，约为 18–30 秒，容量也较小。感觉记忆（A）仅持续几分之一秒。长时记忆（C）拥有几乎无限的持续时间，而工作记忆（D）是对 STM 中信息进行主动加工的现代术语，但在经典的三存储模型中，这个临时存储被称为“短时记忆”。

3. Question 3: Multi-Store Model Theorists | 第3题：多重存储模型的理论家

Question: The Multi-Store Model of memory was proposed by:
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Elizabeth Loftus
C) Atkinson and Shiffrin
D) B.F. Skinner

题目：记忆的多重存储模型是由谁提出的？
A) 西格蒙德·弗洛伊德
B) 伊丽莎白·洛夫特斯
C) 阿特金森和谢夫林
D) B.F. 斯金纳

Answer: C. Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin developed the Multi-Store Model in 1968, describing memory as three separate stores: sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. Freud is known for psychoanalysis, Loftus for eyewitness testimony research, and Skinner for operant conditioning.

答案：C。理查德·阿特金森和理查德·谢夫林于 1968 年提出了多重存储模型，将记忆描述为三个独立的存储：感觉记忆、短时记忆和长时记忆。弗洛伊德以精神分析闻名，洛夫特斯以目击证词研究闻名，斯金纳以操作性条件反射闻名。

4. Question 4: Capacity of Short-Term Memory | 第4题：短期记忆的容量

Question: What is the capacity of short-term memory according to Miller’s (1956) research?
A) 3 ± 1 items
B) 7 ± 2 items
C) 12 ± 3 items
D) Unlimited

题目：根据米勒（1956）的研究，短时记忆的容量是多少？
A) 3 ± 1 个组块
B) 7 ± 2 个组块
C) 12 ± 3 个组块
D) 无限的

Answer: B. George Miller’s famous paper ‘The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two’ suggested that the average person can hold between 5 and 9 items (7±2) in short-term memory. These can be individual digits, letters or larger chunks if they are meaningful.

答案：B。乔治·米勒的著名论文《神奇数字 7±2》指出，普通人的短时记忆能容纳 5 到 9 个项目（即 7±2）。这些项目可以是单个数字、字母，或者如果它们有意义，也可以是更大的组块。

5. Question 5: Proactive Interference | 第5题：前摄干扰

Question: Which of these is an example of proactive interference?
A) New information makes it difficult to recall old information
B) Old information makes it difficult to learn new information
C) Forgetting because of brain injury
D) Forgetting because the memory was never stored

题目：以下哪项是前摄干扰的例子？
A) 新信息使回忆旧信息变得困难
B) 旧信息使学习新信息变得困难
C) 因脑损伤导致的遗忘
D) 因记忆从未被储存导致的遗忘

Answer: B. Proactive interference occurs when previously learned material disrupts the recall of newer material. For example, calling a new friend by your old friend’s name. Option A describes retroactive interference. Options C and D are not examples of interference theory.

答案：B。前摄干扰是指先前学习的材料干扰了对新材料的回忆。例如，用旧朋友的名字称呼新朋友。选项 A 描述的是倒摄干扰。选项 C 和 D 不属于干扰理论的例子。

6. Question 6: Serial Position Effect | 第6题：序列位置效应

Question: The ‘serial position effect’ shows that people tend to remember:
A) Only the first items in a list
B) Only the last items in a list
C) Both the first and last items better than the middle items
D) The middle items best

题目：“序列位置效应”表明人们倾向于记住：
A) 只记住列表开头的项目
B) 只记住列表末尾的项目
C) 开头和末尾的项目都优于中间的项目
D) 中间的项目记得最好

Answer: C. The serial position curve shows a U-shaped pattern: better recall for items at the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of a list compared to items in the middle. This supports the idea of separate short-term and long-term memory stores.

答案：C。序列位置曲线呈 U 形：列表开头（首因效应）和末尾（近因效应）的项目回忆效果优于中间的项目。这支持了短时记忆和长时记忆是独立存储的观点。

7. Question 7: Independent and Dependent Variables | 第7题：自变量和因变量

Question: In a research study, the variable that the researcher manipulates or changes is called the:
A) Dependent variable
B) Extraneous variable
C) Independent variable
D) Confounding variable

题目：在一项研究中，研究者操纵或改变的变量被称为：
A) 因变量
B) 额外变量
C) 自变量
D) 混淆变量

Answer: C. The independent variable (IV) is the factor that is deliberately changed by the researcher to see if it has an effect. The dependent variable (DV) is what is measured. Understanding this distinction is essential for designing and evaluating experiments.

答案：C。自变量（IV）是研究者故意改变的因素，目的是观察它是否会产生影响。因变量（DV）则是被测量的结果。理解这一区别对于设计和评估实验至关重要。

8. Question 8: Ethical Guidelines | 第8题：伦理规范

Question: Ethical guidelines in psychology require that participants:
A) Are forced to take part
B) Are not told the true purpose of the study
C) Must give informed consent and can withdraw at any time
D) Are paid a large amount of money

题目：心理学的伦理规范要求参与者：
A) 被强制参加
B) 不被告知研究的真正目的
C) 必须给予知情同意并可以随时退出
D) 获得一大笔钱

Answer: C. Informed consent means participants know enough about the study to decide whether to take part. The right to withdraw ensures they can leave at any time without penalty. Deception (option B) is only allowed under strict conditions, and coercion (A) is never ethical.

答案：C。知情同意意味着参与者对研究有足够了解，能够决定是否参加。退出权确保他们可以随时退出而不受处罚。欺骗（选项 B）只有在严格条件下才被允许，而强迫（A）从来都不符合伦理。

9. Question 9: Brain and Memory | 第9题：大脑与记忆

Question: Which brain structure is crucial for forming new long-term memories?
A) Amygdala
B) Hippocampus
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus

题目：哪个脑结构对于形成新的长时记忆至关重要？
A) 杏仁核
B) 海马体
C) 小脑
D) 下丘脑

Answer: B. The hippocampus, located in the temporal lobe, plays a key role in consolidating information from short-term memory to long-term memory. Damage to the hippocampus can result in an inability to form new memories (anterograde amnesia). The amygdala is more involved in emotional memories, while the cerebellum is important for procedural memories.

答案：B。海马体位于颞叶，在将信息从短时记忆巩固到长时记忆中起关键作用。海马体受损可能导致无法形成新记忆（顺行性遗忘症）。杏仁核更多参与情绪记忆，而小脑对程序性记忆很重要。

10. Question 10: Identifying Variables | 第10题：识别变量

Question: A researcher wants to test if listening to music improves memory recall. What would be the independent variable?
A) The number of words recalled
B) The presence or absence of music
C) The age of participants
D) The type of memory test

题目：一位研究者想测试听音乐是否能提高记忆回忆。自变量是什么？
A) 回忆出的单词数量
B) 是否有音乐
C) 参与者的年龄
D) 记忆测试的类型

Answer: B. The independent variable is what the researcher manipulates — in this case, whether participants listen to music or not. The number of words recalled (A) is the dependent variable. The other factors should be controlled to avoid confounding results.

答案：B。自变量是研究者操纵的因素——在这个例子中，就是参与者是否听音乐。回忆出的单词数量（A）是因变量。其他因素应被控制，以避免混淆结果。

11. Question 11: Multi-Store Model Description | 第11题：描述多重存储模型

Question: Describe the multi-store model of memory. Include the three stores and how information moves between them. (5 marks)

题目：描述记忆的多重存储模型。包括三个存储以及信息如何在它们之间移动。（5分）

Model Answer: The multi-store model proposes that memory consists of three separate stores: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). Information enters through our senses and is held very briefly in sensory memory. If we pay attention to it, the information is transferred to STM. STM has a limited capacity (7±2 items) and a limited duration (up to 30 seconds). Through maintenance rehearsal (repeating the information), it can be kept in STM longer. With elaborative rehearsal (linking it to existing knowledge), the information is encoded into LTM. LTM has potentially unlimited capacity and duration. When we need to recall something, the information is retrieved from LTM back into STM.

参考答案：多重存储模型提出，记忆由三个独立的存储组成：感觉记忆、短时记忆和长时记忆。信息通过我们的感官进入，并在感觉记忆中极其短暂地停留。如果我们注意到它，信息就会转入短时记忆。短时记忆容量有限（7±2 个组块），持续时间有限（最长约 30 秒）。通过维持性复述（不断重复信息），信息可以在短时记忆中保持更久。通过精细复述（将信息与已有知识联系），信息被编码进入长时记忆。长时记忆拥有几乎无限的容量和持续时间。当我们需要回忆时，信息从长时记忆中被提取回短时记忆。

12. Question 12: Ethical Issue with Children | 第12题：儿童研究的伦理问题

Question: Explain one ethical issue that researchers must consider when conducting a memory experiment with children. Suggest how this issue can be addressed. (5 marks)

题目：解释在对儿童进行记忆实验时，研究者必须考虑的一个伦理问题。建议如何解决这个问题。（5分）

Model Answer: One key ethical issue is obtaining informed consent. Children under 16 are not legally able to give full consent themselves. Therefore, researchers must obtain consent from a parent or legal guardian. Additionally, the children should be asked for their own assent — they need to understand what the study involves in simple terms and agree to take part. Another important issue is the right to withdraw: children may feel pressured to continue even if they are uncomfortable. Researchers should make it clear at the start and during the experiment that they can stop at any time without any negative consequence. Distress and protection from harm must also be carefully monitored; tasks should be age-appropriate and not cause frustration or anxiety.

参考答案：一个关键的伦理问题是获得知情同意。16 岁以下的儿童在法律上不能自己给予完全同意。因此，研究者必须获得父母或法定监护人的同意。此外，还应征得儿童本人的赞同——他们需要用简单的语言了解研究内容并同意参加。另一个重要问题是退出权：儿童可能即使感到不舒服也感到有压力继续参加。研究者应在实验开始和实验过程中明确告知他们可以随时停止，而不会有任何负面后果。还必须仔细监测痛苦和免受伤害；任务应适合年龄，不会引起挫败感或焦虑。

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Mock Paper Analysis for Year 7 CIE Psychology Unit Test: Memory and Research Methods | 7 年级 CIE 心理学单元测试模拟卷解析：记忆与研究方法