📚 Quick Guide to Memorising PE Vocabulary Terms for Year 7 CCEA | Year 7 CCEA 体育：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your fast-track vocabulary guide for Year 7 Physical Education under the CCEA curriculum. Building a strong bank of subject‑specific terms will boost your confidence in practical sessions, written tasks and discussions about health and fitness. This resource pairs every key term with a simple definition, followed by its Chinese equivalent, helping you remember and apply the language of movement, training and teamwork.
欢迎阅读 CCEA 考试局 Year 7 体育词汇速记指南。掌握丰富的学科术语可以提升你在实践课、书面作业以及健康讨论中的自信心。本指南为每个关键术语配上了简明定义，并紧跟对应的中文表达，帮助你记住并灵活运用动作、训练和团队合作的语言。
1. Fundamental Movement Vocabulary | 基本动作词汇
Flexion is the bending of a joint, decreasing the angle between two bones. When you curl a dumbbell towards your shoulder, your elbow is performing flexion.
屈曲指的是关节弯曲，减小两骨之间的角度。当你将哑铃向肩部弯举时，肘关节就在做屈曲动作。
Extension is straightening a joint, increasing the angle between the bones. Kicking a ball involves extension at the knee.
伸展是关节的伸直，增加骨间的角度。踢球时膝盖完成的就是伸展动作。
Abduction moves a limb away from the centre line of the body. Raising your arm sideways to shoulder height is abduction at the shoulder.
外展是将肢体从身体中线向外移动。把手臂从身体侧方向上抬至肩高就是肩关节的外展。
Adduction brings a limb back towards the body’s centre line. Bringing your arms down to your sides after a star jump is adduction.
内收是将肢体拉回身体中线。完成星跳后双臂落回体侧就是内收动作。
Rotation is a turning movement around an axis. Turning your head to look over your shoulder is rotation of the cervical spine.
旋转是围绕轴心的转动动作。转头看向肩膀后方就是颈椎的旋转。
2. Major Muscles and Bones | 主要肌肉与骨骼
The biceps is the muscle on the front of the upper arm. It contracts to bend the elbow. The triceps is at the back of the upper arm and straightens the elbow.
肱二头肌位于上臂前侧，收缩时可弯曲肘关节。肱三头肌在上臂后侧，负责伸直肘关节。
The quadriceps are a group of muscles on the front of the thigh. They extend the knee and are essential for kicking and jumping.
股四头肌是大腿前侧的一组肌群，可伸展膝关节，在踢球和跳跃中至关重要。
The hamstrings are on the back of the thigh and bend the knee. The abdominals (stomach muscles) stabilise the trunk and help with posture.
腘绳肌位于大腿后侧，负责弯曲膝盖。腹肌（腹部肌群）稳定躯干并帮助保持正确姿势。
The deltoids cap the shoulders and raise the arm. The pectorals are the chest muscles that push the arms forwards.
三角肌包裹着肩部，负责抬臂。胸肌是胸部肌肉，推动手臂向前。
The femur is the long bone in the thigh, the strongest bone in the body. The tibia is the shin bone, bearing weight at the front of the lower leg.
股骨是大腿的长骨，也是人体最强壮的骨骼。胫骨是小腿前侧承重的骨头。
3. Health-Related Components of Fitness | 健康相关的体能组成部分
Cardiovascular endurance (stamina) is the ability of the heart, lungs and blood vessels to deliver oxygen to working muscles during sustained exercise.
心血管耐力（持久力）指心脏、肺和血管在持续运动中向工作肌肉输送氧气的能力。
Muscular strength is the maximum force a muscle can produce in one effort. Lifting a very heavy weight requires this component.
肌肉力量是肌肉在一次最大努力中所能产生的最大力。举起极重的重量就需要这种能力。
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly without tiring. Holding a plank or doing many sit-ups relies on it.
肌肉耐力指肌肉反复收缩而不疲劳的能力。保持平板支撑或做大量仰卧起坐都依赖肌肉耐力。
Flexibility is the range of movement possible at a joint. Good flexibility in the hamstrings helps you touch your toes without strain.
柔韧性是关节所能达到的运动幅度。腘绳肌良好的柔韧性可以让你毫不费力地触摸脚尖。
Body composition describes the ratio of fat mass to lean mass (muscle, bone, organs). A healthy balance is linked to overall well‑being.
身体成分描述的是脂肪质量与去脂体重（肌肉、骨骼、器官）的比例。健康的平衡与整体健康密切相关。
4. Skill-Related Components of Fitness | 技能相关的体能组成部分
Agility is the ability to change direction quickly and control the body’s position. It is vital in dodging opponents in rugby or netball.
敏捷性是快速改变方向并控制身体姿势的能力。在橄榄球或无板篮球中闪避对手时极为重要。
Balance is staying upright and steady, whether you are still (static) or moving (dynamic). A gymnast on a beam uses both types.
平衡能力指无论是静止（静态平衡）还是移动（动态平衡）时都保持直立和稳定。平衡木上的体操运动员两样都需要。
Coordination is the smooth linking of different body parts to perform a movement. Catching a ball requires excellent hand‑eye coordination.
协调性指不同身体部位顺畅地配合完成动作。接球需要出色的手眼协调。
Power combines strength and speed — it is explosive force in a short time. A standing long jump or a volleyball spike demonstrates power.
爆发力结合了力量和速度，是短时间内爆发的力量。立定跳远或排球的扣球都是爆发力的体现。
Reaction time is how quickly you respond to a stimulus. A sprinter leaving the blocks as soon as the gun fires relies on fast reaction time.
反应时指你对刺激做出反应的速度。短跑选手在发令枪响瞬间冲出起跑器就依赖快速的反应时。
Speed is moving the body or a part of it from A to B in the shortest possible time. It is crucial for sprinting and fast breaks.
速度是让身体或身体部位在最短时间内从一处移动到另一处的能力。在短跑和快攻中速度至关重要。
5. The FITT Principle | FITT 原则
F stands for Frequency — how often you exercise. For example, training three times a week develops good habits without overdoing it.
F 代表频率——你多久锻炼一次。例如，每周训练三次能培养好习惯又不过度。
I stands for Intensity — how hard you work. This could be measured by heart rate, perceived exertion or the weight lifted.
I 代表强度——你练得有多努力。可以通过心率、自感用力程度或举起的重量来衡量。
T (the first T) stands for Time — how long each session lasts. A healthy target is at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days.
T（第一个T）代表时间——每次训练持续多久。健康目标是每天至少进行30分钟中等强度活动。
T (the second T) stands for Type — the kind of exercise you do, such as running, swimming or resistance training. Variety prevents boredom and overuse injury.
T（第二个T）代表类型——你进行何种运动，如跑步、游泳或抗阻训练。多样化可以防止枯燥和过度使用损伤。
6. Heart Rate and Exercise Intensity | 心率与运动强度
Your working heart rate tells you how hard your body is working. The simplest way to estimate your maximum heart rate (MHR) is:
你的运动心率能反映身体的用力程度。估算最大心率（MHR）的最简单方法是：
Maximum Heart Rate (MHR) = 220 − age
最大心率 (MHR) = 220 − 年龄
To improve cardiovascular fitness safely, aim for a target zone of 60% to 85% of your MHR. Staying below 60% may not provide enough challenge; going above 85% for long periods can be risky without proper conditioning.
为了安全地提升心血管适能，应使心率维持在最大心率的60%至85%的目标区间。低于60%可能刺激不够；未经系统训练长时间处于85%以上则有风险。
7. Warm-Up and Cool-Down | 热身与整理活动
A warm‑up gradually prepares the body for exercise. The three stages are a pulse raiser (light jogging or skipping), dynamic stretching (leg swings, arm circles) and sport‑specific drills (gentle passing or dribbling).
热身逐步让身体为运动做好准备。三个阶段是提升心率（轻松慢跑或开合跳）、动态拉伸（摆腿、绕臂）和专项练习（轻度的传接球或运球）。
A cool‑down helps the body return to rest. It should include low‑intensity movement (walking) and static stretching of the main muscles used. This reduces muscle soreness and speeds up recovery.
整理活动帮助身体恢复安静状态。应包括低强度运动（步行）以及针对主要用力肌群的静态拉伸。这样可以减轻肌肉酸痛并加速恢复。
8. Common Sports-Specific Terms | 常见运动专项术语
Dribbling — maintaining close control of a ball with the feet, hands or stick while moving. (Football, basketball, hockey)
运球——在移动中用脚、手或球棍保持对球的紧密控制。（足球、篮球、曲棍球）
Passing — sending the ball or object to a teammate using the body or an implement. Chest pass and bounce pass are examples in netball.
传球——用身体或器械将球传给队友。无板篮球中的胸前传球和击地传球就是例子。
Shooting — attempting to score by propelling the ball towards a goal, basket or target area. Accuracy and power are both important.
射门/投篮——将球射向球门、篮筐或目标区域以尝试得分。准度和力量都很重要。
Tackling — legally trying to win possession from an opponent, using controlled contact in sports like football and rugby.
抢断/拦截——在足球或橄榄球等运动中，用合规的身体接触从对手脚下抢夺球权。
Serving — putting the shuttle or ball into play to start a rally, as in badminton, tennis or volleyball. An accurate serve creates an early advantage.
发球——将球投入比赛开始一个回合，如羽毛球、网球或排球。精准的发球能瞬间占据优势。
Forward roll — a basic gymnastic move starting from a crouch, tucking the head and rolling along the spine to finish in a controlled stand.
前滚翻——基本体操动作，由蹲立开始，低头含胸，沿脊柱滚动后控制站立。
9. Teamwork and Tactical Terms | 团队合作与战术术语
Attack refers to the phase when your team has possession and is trying to score. Fast breaks and well‑timed passes are attacking tools.
进攻指本方控球并试图得分的阶段。快攻和时机恰当的传球都是进攻武器。
Defence is the phase of protecting your own goal or area. It requires positioning, marking and intercepting passes.
防守是保护本方球门或区域的阶段，需要站位、盯人和拦截传球。
Man‑to‑man marking means each defender is responsible for one specific opponent. Zone defence assigns each defender an area of the court or pitch to cover.
人盯人防守指每名防守球员负责盯住一名特定对手。区域防守则为每名防守球员分配场地上的一块区域。
Formation describes the arrangement of players on the field, such as 4‑4‑2 in football or 2‑3 in zone defence. A good formation balances attacking threat with defensive solidity.
阵型指球员在场上的站位部署，例如足球中的4‑4‑2或区域防守中的2‑3站位。好的阵型能够平衡进攻威胁与防守稳固性。
Communication — using clear calls, hand signals and eye contact to keep the whole team working together, especially under pressure.
沟通——利用清晰的口令、手势和眼神交流让全队协同作战，尤其是在高压环境中。
10. Memory Tricks for PE Vocabulary | 体育词汇记忆技巧
Acronyms help encode lists. For the health‑related components, remember CMMFB: Cardiovascular endurance, Muscular strength, Muscular endurance, Flexibility, Body composition.
首字母缩写法能帮助你记忆一串术语。健康相关组成部分可记CMMFB：心血管耐力、肌肉力量、肌肉耐力、柔韧性和身体成分。
Chunking breaks information into small groups. Pair muscles by action: the biceps and hamstrings both flex joints, while triceps and quadriceps extend them.
组块法把信息拆成小组。可按功能配对肌肉：肱二头肌和腘绳肌都使关节弯曲，而肱三头肌和股四头肌则使关节伸直。
Visualisation creates a mental picture. Picture a sprinter exploding out of blocks when you learn ‘power’, and a gymnast holding a scale for ‘balance’.
视觉化在脑海中建立画面。学到“爆发力”时想象短跑选手冲出起跑器，学到“平衡”时回想体操运动员保持燕式平衡的姿势。
Flashcards with the English term on one side and the Chinese definition on the other make quizzing yourself fast and effective. Review them before and after each PE lesson.
闪卡一面写英文术语，另一面写中文定义，可以快速高效地进行自我测验。每次体育课前课后都复习一遍。
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