📚 Quick Vocabulary Memorisation Guide for Year 7 WJEC Psychology | Year 7 WJEC 心理学：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your Year 7 WJEC Psychology journey! Learning psychology means entering a new world of scientific language. Words like ‘hypothesis’, ‘variable’, and ‘qualitative’ might seem daunting at first, but with the right memory tricks you can master them quickly and confidently. This guide pairs every key term with a simple, brain-friendly strategy so you can recall definitions under pressure, impress your teacher, and build a solid foundation for future study.
欢迎来到 Year 7 WJEC 心理学学习之旅！学习心理学意味着进入一个全新的科学语言世界。诸如 ‘假设’、’变量’ 和 ‘定性’ 之类的词汇起初可能令人生畏，但只要运用正确的记忆技巧，你就能迅速且自信地掌握它们。本指南为每一个关键术语搭配了简单、对大脑友好的记忆策略，让你在测验压力下也能轻松回忆起定义，给老师留下深刻印象，并为未来的学习打下坚实基础。
1. Why Learn Psychology Terms? | 为什么要学习心理学术语
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour. To think like a psychologist, you need to speak the language. Every term is a label for a precise idea – knowing the difference between ‘observation’ and ‘inference’ helps you evaluate research. When you learn vocabulary actively, you are not just memorising; you are building mental models that will make the rest of the course easier.
心理学是对思维和行为的科学研究。要像心理学家一样思考，就需要掌握他们的语言。每一个术语都是某个精确概念的标签——理解 ‘观察’ 和 ‘推断’ 的区别有助于你评估研究。当你主动学习词汇时，你不仅仅是在记忆；你是在构建心理模型，这会让你后续的课程学习变得更加轻松。
2. The Power of Acronyms and Acrostics | 首字母缩略词的威力
Acronyms turn a list of words into a single memorable chunk. For example, when you design an experiment, you always plan two variables. Remember the acronym ‘AIM’: Affect (change) the Independent variable, then Measure the Dependent variable. Another handy acrostic is ‘Cows Moo Loudly Sometimes’ for the key ethical principles: Consent, Make-up right to withdraw, Confidentiality, Lack of deception, and Safeguard from harm. Creating your own funny sentence makes the list stick.
首字母缩略词能将一连串词语转化为一个容易记住的组块。例如，设计实验时你总是需要规划两个变量。请记住缩略词 ‘AIM’：改变（Affect）自变量 (Independent)，然后测量（Measure）因变量 (Dependent)。另一个好用的藏头句是 ‘牛有时会大声哞哞叫’，对应关键伦理原则：同意、可随时退出的权利、保密、避免欺骗、以及免受伤害的保障。自己编造有趣的句子能让列表牢牢印在脑中。
Another classic acronym is ‘OCEAN’ for the Big Five personality traits, but even for Year 7, ‘MRS GREN’ style thinking works. When revising research methods, think ‘QUEST’: Question, Experiment, Survey, Observation, Case study, and Test. These chunks give your brain a clean folder to store details.
另一个经典的缩略词是用于大五人格特质的 ‘OCEAN’，不过即便在 Year 7 阶段，类似 ‘MRS GREN’ 的思维方式同样有效。在复习研究方法时，不妨想想 ‘QUEST’：问卷调查、实验、观察、个案研究与测验。这些组块为你的大脑提供了清晰的文件夹来存放细节。
3. Mastering Variables and Hypotheses | 掌握变量与假设
An independent variable (IV) is the thing you deliberately change. Link it to your own power: ‘I, the researcher, change the IV.’ A dependent variable (DV) is the thing you measure to see if the IV had an effect. Think ‘DV = Data Value’. A hypothesis is a testable prediction, often written as an ‘If… then…’ statement. Remember that a hypothesis is not a guess – it is your best educated prediction based on theory.
自变量 (IV) 是你有意改变的事物。把它与你的主动权联系起来：’我，研究者，改变 IV。’ 因变量 (DV) 是你用来观察自变量是否产生效果而测量的事物。可以联想 ‘DV = 数据价值’。假设是一种可检验的预测，通常写成 ‘如果……那么……’ 的语句。请记住，假设并不是瞎猜——它是你根据理论做出的最有依据的预测。
Extraneous variables are unwanted influences that may affect the DV. Picture little ‘extra’ things sneaking into your experiment, like a noisy corridor. A confounding variable is a specific extraneous variable that actually changes along with the IV, making it impossible to tell which one caused the result. Think ‘confound’ = ‘confuse the cause’.
额外变量是可能影响因变量的多余干扰。想象一些小 ‘额外’ 的东西悄悄溜进你的实验，比如嘈杂的走廊。混淆变量是一种特殊的额外变量，它与自变量一同变化，导致你无法分辨究竟是哪一个引发了结果。可以联想 ‘混淆’ = ‘搞乱因果关系’。
4. Research Methods Made Memorable | 研究方法巧记
There are several ways psychologists gather data. A laboratory experiment is conducted in a controlled environment, so you can picture a clean white lab. A field experiment takes place in the real world – picture a field. A natural observation means watching behaviour without interfering; think ‘David Attenborough observing animals in nature’. A case study is an in-depth look at one person or small group, like a detailed biography.
心理学家收集数据的方法有多种。实验室实验在受控环境中进行，你可以联想到干净洁白的实验室。现场实验则在真实世界中进行——想象一片田野。自然观察是指在不加干预的情况下观看行为；可以联想 ‘大卫·爱登堡在自然中观察动物’。个案研究则是对某个人或小群体的深入剖析，就像一部详尽的传记。
Surveys and questionnaires gather self-report data. ‘Survey’ rhymes with ‘say what you feel’. An interview can be structured (fixed questions) or unstructured (free-flowing). Remember the structured interview as a shopping list and the unstructured one as a chat with a friend. A correlation measures the relationship between two variables but does not show causation. Commit this rhyme to memory: ‘Correlation is not causation’.
调查和问卷用来收集自我报告数据。’Survey’ 的发音与 ‘say what you feel’（说出你的感受）相近。访谈可以是结构化的（固定问题）或者非结构化的（自由交谈）。把结构化访谈想象成一张购物清单，把非结构化访谈想象成与朋友的闲聊。相关测量的是两个变量之间的关系，但并不表示因果关联。请牢记住这句押韵口诀：’相关不等于因果’。
5. Ethical Guidelines: The ‘CARD’ Trick | 伦理准则：’CARD’ 记忆法
Whenever psychologists work with human participants, they must follow strict ethical rules. The acronym ‘CARD’ covers the essentials: Consent, Anonymity, Right to withdraw, and Debriefing. Before any study, participants must give informed consent. This means they understand what they are agreeing to. Visualise a giant consent form that the participant signs with a smile.
每当心理学家以人类为参与者进行工作时，都必须遵守严格的伦理规则。缩略词 ‘CARD’ 涵盖了基本要点：知情同意、匿名保密、退出的权利、以及事后解说。在任何研究开始之前，参与者都必须给出知情同意。这意味着他们理解自己同意做什么。想象一份巨大的同意书，参与者微笑着在上面签字。
Anonymity means the participant’s name and identity are hidden, often replaced by a code. Think ‘Anonymous = An O no-name’. The right to withdraw means participants can leave the study at any time without giving a reason. Imagine a door that is always open. Debriefing happens after the study, when the researcher reveals the full purpose and checks on the participant’s wellbeing. Link ‘debrief’ to ‘de-brief = removing the brief mystery’.
匿名保密意味着参与者的姓名和身份被隐藏起来，通常用代码来代替。可以联想 ‘匿名 = 一个无名的 O’。退出的权利是指参与者可以随时退出研究且无需解释。想象一扇永远敞开的大门。事后解说发生在研究结束之后，研究者会在这个时候揭示全部目的并检查参与者的状态。把 ‘debrief’ 和 ‘解开简短谜团’ 联系在一起。
6. Brain and Behaviour Buzzwords | 大脑与行为术语
Neurons are nerve cells that send messages. Use the simple image of ‘neurons as telephone wires’ – they transmit signals electrically and chemically. A synapse is the tiny gap between two neurons. Think ‘synapse = space for a signal to snap across’. Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers, like serotonin and dopamine. Remember ‘transmitters transmit the mood’.
神经元是传递信息的神经细胞。可以用 ‘神经元就像电话线’ 这个简单的形象来记忆——它们通过电信号和化学信号来传递信息。突触是两个神经元之间的微小间隙。可以联想 ‘synapse = 信号跨越的一个小空间’。神经递质是化学信使，比如血清素和多巴胺。记住 ‘递质传递情绪’。
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. Think of it as the ‘command centre’. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the rest – nerves that branch out. Picture a ‘perimeter’ around the command centre. The brain’s cortex is the wrinkly outer layer. The phrase ‘grey matter on the outside’ can help you place it. The limbic system handles emotions; ‘limbic’ sounds like ‘limb’ – when you get emotional, your limbs may shake.
中枢神经系统 (CNS) 由大脑和脊髓组成。可以把它看作是 ‘指挥中心’。周围神经系统 (PNS) 则是其余的部分——向外延伸的神经。想象围绕指挥中心的 ‘周界’。大脑皮层是皱巴巴的外层。’灰质在外’ 这句话可以帮助你定位它。边缘系统处理情绪；’limbic’ 听起来像 ‘limb’（四肢）——当你情绪激动时，四肢可能会发抖。
7. Memory Terms: Use the Method of Loci | 记忆术语：利用位置记忆法
The method of loci is an ancient technique where you place items you need to remember along a familiar journey. Apply it to psychology vocabulary. Take the three stages of memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Imagine walking into your home: at the door you ‘encode’ the key into the lock; in the living room you ‘store’ books on a shelf; at the kitchen table you ‘retrieve’ a snack from the cupboard. That sequence will never leave you.
位置记忆法是一种古老的技巧，要求你把需要记忆的内容放置在熟悉的路线沿途。用它来记心理学术语吧。以记忆的三个阶段为例：编码、储存和提取。想象回家的场景：在门口你把钥匙 ‘编码’ 插入锁孔；在客厅你把书 ‘储存’ 到书架上；在厨房餐桌旁你从橱柜里 ‘提取’ 出零食。这个顺序你将永生难忘。
Short-term memory holds about 5-9 items for up to 30 seconds. Think ‘the magic number 7 ± 2’. Long-term memory is virtually unlimited. Visualise a vast library where you ‘store’ everything you have ever learned. For types of long-term memory, episodic memory is your personal story (episodes of your life), while semantic memory is facts and knowledge. Semantic sounds like ‘same meaning’ – facts everyone agrees on.
短时记忆大约能容纳 5-9 个项目，最多维持 30 秒。可以记作 ‘神奇数字 7 ± 2’。长时记忆几乎是无限的。想象一座巨大的图书馆，你 ‘储存’ 着所有学过的东西。至于长时记忆的类型，情景记忆是你个人的故事（你人生中的片段），而语义记忆则是事实和知识。语义听起来像 ‘相同的意思’——大家公认的事实。
8. Understanding Social Influence Vocabulary | 理解社会影响词汇
Conformity means changing your behaviour to fit in with a group, even if you privately disagree. Remember the classic Asch line study. The keyword ‘conform’ contains ‘form’ – you take on the group’s form. Obedience is following a direct order from an authority figure. Think ‘obey the diner’ – Milgram’s study involved a shock machine, but you can picture a diner where a boss commands you to clean tables.
从众是指在即便私下不同意的情况下，为了融入群体而改变自己的行为。请记住经典的阿希线条研究。关键词 ‘conform’（从众）里包含 ‘form’（形态）——你采取了群体的形态。服从则是指遵从权威人物发出的直接命令。想象 ‘服从餐馆老板’——虽然米尔格拉姆的实验涉及电击仪器，但你可以想象在一家餐馆里，老板命令你去擦桌子。
Social loafing is when people put in less effort in a group because they feel less responsible. Picture a team tug-of-war where some people ‘loaf’ around. Deindividuation is losing your sense of self in a crowd, often leading to behaviour you would not normally do. Break the word down: ‘de-individual-isation’ – you become less of an individual. Bystander effect is when more witnesses lead to less helping; remember that ‘bystanders stand by’.
社会懈怠是指人们在集体中因为感到责任变小而减少了努力。想象一场团队拔河比赛，其中有些人像面包一样 ‘loaf’（闲混）着。去个体化是指在群体中丧失了自我意识，常常导致个人做出平时不会做的行为。把单词拆开来看：’去-个体-化’——你变得不再像个独立的个体。旁观者效应是指目击者越多，反而越少有人帮忙；记住 ‘旁观者站在旁边’。
9. Qualitative vs Quantitative: Story vs Numbers | 定性 vs 定量：故事与数字
Qualitative data is about words, descriptions, meanings, and stories. The ‘l’ in qualitative looks like a person narrating a story. Quantitative data is about numbers, statistics, and measurements. The ‘n’ in quantitative can remind you of ‘numbers’. When you write case studies or open-ended interviews, you gather rich qualitative data. When your questionnaire uses a 1-10 scale, you gather quantitative data. Many studies use both; this is called a mixed-methods design.
定性数据是关于文字、描述、意义和故事的。’qualitative’ 一词中的字母 ‘l’ 看上去就像一个正在讲故事的人。定量数据则与数字、统计和测量有关。’quantitative’ 中的 ‘n’ 可以让你联想到 ‘numbers’（数字）。当你撰写个案研究或进行开放式访谈时，你收集到的是丰富的定性数据。当你的问卷采用 1-10 的量表时，你收集到的就是定量数据。许多研究两者兼用，这被称为混合方法设计。
Objectivity means keeping personal bias out of research. Think ‘object’ – treat data as solid objects, not feelings. Subjectivity is when personal opinions and feelings creep in. To check your memory, link ‘subjective’ with ‘subject to opinion’. Reliability means if you repeat the study, you get similar results. Think ‘reliable friend – always there, consistent’. Validity means the test measures what it claims to measure. Imagine a valid passport that truly identifies you.
客观性意味着在研究过程中排除个人偏见。联想 ‘物体’——把数据当作固体的物体，而不是情绪。主观性则是个人观点和情感悄悄混入。要检查你的记忆，可以把 ‘主观的’ 与 ‘受观点支配’ 联系在一起。信度是指如果你重复这个研究，会得到相似的结果。联想 ‘可靠的朋友——总是在那里，始终如一’。效度是指测验确实测量了它声称要测量的内容。想象一本有效的护照，它确凿地鉴定着你的身份。
10. Revision Games and Self-Testing | 复习游戏与自我检测
The testing effect proves that quizzing yourself is one of the strongest ways to embed vocabulary in long-term memory. Create flashcards with the term on one side and the definition plus a mnemonic on the other. You can also play ‘Psychology Pictionary’: draw a sketch of a confounding variable, for example, and have a friend guess the term. The more you retrieve information from your own brain, the stickier it becomes.
测试效应证明，对自己进行测验是将词汇嵌入长时记忆的最有力方式之一。制作抽认卡，一面写上术语，另一面写上定义以及记忆口诀。你也可以玩 ‘心理学你画我猜’：比如，画出混淆变量的草图，让朋友猜出术语。你越频繁地从自己的大脑中提取信息，它们就变得越牢固。
Another game is ‘Term Taboo’: describe a term without using five obvious related words. If the term is ‘hypothesis’, you cannot say ‘prediction’, ‘test’, ‘experiment’, ‘guess’, or ‘theory’. This forces your brain to build deeper connections. You can also try ‘Match the Pair’ with variables and their definitions, or ‘Odd One Out’ where one word in a set does not belong. All these playful strategies transform dry vocabulary into an active, social learning experience.
另一个游戏是 ‘术语禁忌’：描述一个术语却不准使用五个明显的关联词。如果术语是 ‘假设’，你就不能说 ‘预测’、’检验’、’实验’、’猜测’ 或 ‘理论’。这能迫使你的大脑建立更深层的联结。你还可以尝试将变量及其定义进行 ‘配对’，或者玩 ‘找出异类’，在集合中找出那个不属于同类的词。所有这些充满游戏性质的策略都能把枯燥的词汇转化为一种主动的、社交化的学习体验。
Published by TutorHao | Psychology Revision Series | aleveler.com
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