📚 Summer Bridging Course: WJEC Year 7 Spanish | WJEC 七年级西班牙语：暑期预习与衔接课程
Starting Year 7 Spanish is an exciting adventure, and getting a head start over the summer will give you confidence from day one. This bridging guide introduces key topics, vocabulary, and skills covered in the WJEC curriculum, helping you build a solid foundation. You will learn how to greet people, count, talk about family, and describe your school life in Spanish, while also picking up study strategies that work for young language learners.
开启七年级西班牙语学习是一段令人兴奋的旅程，而利用暑假提前预热会带给你从一开始就充满信心的体验。这份衔接指南将带你了解 WJEC 课程中的核心主题、词汇和技能，帮助你打下扎实的基础。你将学习如何用西班牙语问候他人、数数、谈论家庭以及描述学校生活，同时掌握适合青少年语言学习者的学习策略。
1. Welcome to Spanish: Your First Steps | 欢迎来到西班牙语：第一步
Spanish is more than just a school subject — it is a living language spoken by over 480 million native speakers across 21 countries. When you begin learning Spanish, you are not just memorising words; you are joining a global community. The WJEC Year 7 course is designed to make this journey both fun and practical, with topics that are immediately useful in real-life situations.
西班牙语不仅仅是一门学校科目——它是一种在21个国家超过4.8亿母语者使用的活语言。当你开始学习西班牙语时，你不只是在记单词，而是在加入一个全球性的社群。WJEC 七年级课程的设计让这段旅程既有趣又实用，所选话题都能在真实生活场景中立即派上用场。
A great first step is to train your ear. Listen to Spanish songs, watch cartoons with Spanish audio, or try a language app for just 10 minutes a day. The more you hear the sounds of the language, the more natural they will become when you start speaking in class.
良好的第一步是训练你的耳朵。听西班牙语歌曲、观看西班牙语音频的动画片，或者每天用语言应用学习10分钟。你听到这种语言的发音越多，当你在课堂上开始说的时候就会感觉越自然。
2. Pronunciation and the Alphabet | 发音与字母表
Spanish pronunciation is very consistent, which makes it an excellent language for beginners. Most letters have only one sound, so once you learn the alphabet, you can read almost any Spanish word correctly. Start by learning the Spanish alphabet: ‘a’ (ah), ‘b’ (beh), ‘c’ (seh), ‘d’ (deh), ‘e’ (eh), ‘f’ (efeh), ‘g’ (heh), ‘h’ (ah-cheh — silent in words), ‘i’ (ee), ‘j’ (hota), ‘l’ (eleh), ‘ll’ (eh-yeh), ‘m’ (emeh), ‘n’ (eneh), ‘ñ’ (enyeh), ‘o’ (oh), ‘p’ (peh), ‘q’ (coo), ‘r’ (ereh), ‘s’ (eseh), ‘t’ (teh), ‘u’ (oo), ‘v’ (ubeh), ‘w’ (ubeh dobleh), ‘x’ (eh-kees), ‘y’ (ee-gree-ay-gah), ‘z’ (theh-tah).
西班牙语的发音非常规则，这使它成为初学者的理想语言。大多数字母只有一种发音，所以一旦你学会了字母表，几乎就能正确地读出任何西班牙语单词。先来学习西班牙语字母表：’a’ (啊), ‘b’ (贝), ‘c’ (塞), ‘d’ (德), ‘e’ (埃), ‘f’ (埃菲), ‘g’ (赫), ‘h’ (阿切——在单词中不发音), ‘i’ (伊), ‘j’ (霍塔), ‘l’ (埃莱), ‘ll’ (埃耶), ‘m’ (埃梅), ‘n’ (埃内), ‘ñ’ (埃涅), ‘o’ (欧), ‘p’ (佩), ‘q’ (古), ‘r’ (埃雷), ‘s’ (埃塞), ‘t’ (特), ‘u’ (乌), ‘v’ (乌贝), ‘w’ (乌贝多布莱), ‘x’ (埃基斯), ‘y’ (伊格里耶加), ‘z’ (塞塔)。
Pay special attention to vowels. Spanish vowels are short and crisp: ‘a’ as in ‘father’, ‘e’ as in ‘bed’, ‘i’ as in ‘machine’, ‘o’ as in ‘hot’, ‘u’ as in ‘rule’. Never glide them the way we do in English. Practising these will dramatically improve your accent from the very first lesson.
要特别注意元音。西班牙语的元音短促而清晰：’a’ 类似 ‘father’ 中的 a，’e’ 类似 ‘bed’ 中的 e，’i’ 类似 ‘machine’ 中的 i，’o’ 类似 ‘hot’ 中的 o，’u’ 类似 ‘rule’ 中的 u。切忌像英语那样把元音拉长或滑动。从一开始就练习这些音，能大大改善你的口音。
3. Greetings and Introductions | 问候与介绍
Conversations start with greetings, and Spanish offers a range of expressions for different times of day and levels of formality. The most basic ones include ‘¡Hola!’ (Hello!), ‘Buenos días’ (Good morning), ‘Buenas tardes’ (Good afternoon), and ‘Buenas noches’ (Good evening / Good night). To ask how someone is, use ‘¿Cómo estás?’ (How are you?) to a friend, or ‘¿Cómo está usted?’ in more formal settings. Common replies are ‘Estoy bien, gracias’ (I’m fine, thanks), ‘Muy bien’ (Very well), and ‘Así así’ (So-so).
对话从问候开始，西班牙语提供了一系列适用于不同时间和不同正式程度的表达方式。最基本的包括 ‘¡Hola!’（你好！）、’Buenos días’（早上好）、’Buenas tardes’（下午好）和 ‘Buenas noches’（晚上好/晚安）。询问对方近况时，对朋友说 ‘¿Cómo estás?’（你好吗？），在更正式的场合用 ‘¿Cómo está usted?’。常见的回答有 ‘Estoy bien, gracias’（我很好，谢谢）、’Muy bien’（非常好）和 ‘Así así’（还好）。
When introducing yourself, say ‘Me llamo…’ (My name is…) followed by your name, or ‘Soy…’ (I am…). To ask someone’s name, use ‘¿Cómo te llamas?’ (What is your name?). Remember to smile and use the upside-down question mark at the beginning of questions — it is a unique and essential feature of written Spanish. Practice a short dialogue: ‘¡Hola! Me llamo Alex. ¿Cómo te llamas?’ ‘¡Hola! Soy María. Mucho gusto.’ ‘Igualmente.’
介绍自己时，说 ‘Me llamo…’（我叫…）后接你的名字，或者用 ‘Soy…’（我是…）。询问对方名字用 ‘¿Cómo te llamas?’（你叫什么名字？）。记得要微笑，并在疑问句前使用倒问号——这是西班牙语书面语中独特且不可或缺的特点。练习一段简短对话：’¡Hola! Me llamo Alex. ¿Cómo te llamas?’ ‘¡Hola! Soy María. Mucho gusto.’ ‘Igualmente.’（你好！我叫 Alex。你叫什么名字？——你好！我是 María。很高兴认识你。——我也是。）
4. Numbers and Counting | 数字与计数
Numbers are essential for telling your age, giving your phone number, talking about prices, and much more. Begin by learning 0–20: cero (0), uno (1), dos (2), tres (3), cuatro (4), cinco (5), seis (6), siete (7), ocho (8), nueve (9), diez (10), once (11), doce (12), trece (13), catorce (14), quince (15), dieciséis (16), diecisiete (17), dieciocho (18), diecinueve (19), veinte (20). Notice that ‘uno’ changes to ‘un’ before masculine nouns and ‘una’ before feminine nouns when counting things.
数字对于报年龄、给电话号码、谈论价格等都至关重要。先从 0–20 学起：cero (0), uno (1), dos (2), tres (3), cuatro (4), cinco (5), seis (6), siete (7), ocho (8), nueve (9), diez (10), once (11), doce (12), trece (13), catorce (14), quince (15), dieciséis (16), diecisiete (17), dieciocho (18), diecinueve (19), veinte (20)。注意，在计物时，’uno’ 在阳性名词前变为 ‘un’，在阴性名词前变为 ‘una’。
Once you are comfortable with 1–20, you can easily build numbers up to 31 (useful for dates) by combining tens and units: veintiuno (21), veintidós (22), veintitrés (23), and so on. From 31 onwards, use ‘y’ (and): treinta y uno (31), treinta y dos (32). The tens are: 30 treinta, 40 cuarenta, 50 cincuenta, 60 sesenta, 70 setenta, 80 ochenta, 90 noventa, 100 cien. For 101–199, use ‘ciento’ (e.g. ciento uno). A table can help you memorise these patterns more quickly.
熟练掌握了 1–20 之后，你可以通过组合十位和个位轻松构建到 31 的数字（对说日期很有用）：veintiuno (21), veintidós (22), veintitrés (23) 等等。从 31 起，用 ‘y’（和）连接：treinta y uno (31), treinta y dos (32)。整十的数字为：30 treinta, 40 cuarenta, 50 cincuenta, 60 sesenta, 70 setenta, 80 ochenta, 90 noventa, 100 cien。101–199 用 ‘ciento’（如 ciento uno）。一张表格可以帮助你更快记住这些模式。
| Number | Spanish |
|---|---|
| 1 | uno |
| 10 | diez |
| 15 | quince |
| 20 | veinte |
| 23 | veintitrés |
| 31 | treinta y uno |
| 50 | cincuenta |
| 100 | cien |
5. Colours and Descriptions | 颜色与描述
Adjectives bring your Spanish to life, and colours are among the first descriptive words you will encounter. Key colours include: rojo (red), azul (blue), verde (green), amarillo (yellow), naranja (orange), morado (purple), rosa (pink), gris (grey), marrón (brown), negro (black), blanco (white). In Spanish, adjectives usually come after the noun and must agree in gender and number. For example, ‘a red book’ is ‘un libro rojo’ (masculine singular), while ‘a red table’ is ‘una mesa roja’ (feminine singular). If the noun is plural, add -s: ‘red books’ becomes ‘unos libros rojos’, ‘red tables’ becomes ‘unas mesas rojas’.
形容词能让你的西班牙语生动起来，而颜色会是你最早接触到的描述性词汇之一。主要的颜色有：rojo（红色），azul（蓝色），verde（绿色），amarillo（黄色），naranja（橙色），morado（紫色），rosa（粉色），gris（灰色），marrón（棕色），negro（黑色），blanco（白色）。西班牙语中，形容词通常放在名词后面，并且必须在性和数上与名词保持一致。例如，“一本红色的书”是 ‘un libro rojo’（阳性单数），而“一张红色的桌子”是 ‘una mesa roja’（阴性单数）。如果名词为复数，则加 -s：“红色的书”变成 ‘unos libros rojos’，“红色的桌子”变成 ‘unas mesas rojas’。
Beyond colours, you can combine adjectives with the verb ‘ser’ to describe permanent characteristics. Learn pairs of opposite adjectives: grande / pequeno (big / small), alto / bajo (tall / short), guapo / feo (good-looking / ugly), simpatico / antipatico (nice / unfriendly), inteligente / tonto (intelligent / silly), divertido / aburrido (fun / boring). Practice making sentences such as ‘Mi perro es grande y marrón’ (My dog is big and brown) or ‘Mi hermana es alta y simpatico’ (My sister is tall and nice — note ‘hermana’ is feminine, so you would say ‘Mi hermana es alta y simpatica’).
除了颜色，你可以将形容词与动词 ‘ser’ 结合来描述永久特征。学习一些反义形容词对：grande / pequeno（大的/小的），alto / bajo（高的/矮的），guapo / feo（好看的/丑的），simpatico / antipatico（友善的/不友善的），inteligente / tonto（聪明的/笨的），divertido / aburrido（有趣的/无聊的）。练习造一些句子，比如 ‘Mi perro es grande y marrón’（我的狗又大又棕）或 ‘Mi hermana es alta y simpatica’（我的姐姐又高又友善——注意 ‘hermana’ 是阴性，所以形容词用 ‘alta’ 和 ‘simpatica’）。
6. Days, Months, and Dates | 星期、月份与日期
Being able to say what day it is and to talk about the date is a fundamental skill. The days of the week are: lunes (Monday), martes (Tuesday), miércoles (Wednesday), jueves (Thursday), viernes (Friday), sábado (Saturday), domingo (Sunday). In Spanish, the days are not capitalised, and the week typically begins with lunes. To say ‘on Monday’, use ‘el lunes’; for a general statement like ‘I play football on Saturdays’, say ‘Los sábados juego al fútbol’.
能够说出今天是星期几以及谈论日期是一项基本技能。一周中的日子为：lunes（星期一），martes（星期二），miércoles（星期三），jueves（星期四），viernes（星期五），sábado（星期六），domingo（星期日）。西班牙语中，星期几不需要大写，而且一周通常从 lunes 开始。表示“在星期一”用 ‘el lunes’；对于像“我星期六踢足球”这样的笼统说法，用 ‘Los sábados juego al fútbol’。
Months of the year are similarly easy because many resemble English names: enero (January), febrero (February), marzo (March), abril (April), mayo (May), junio (June), julio (July), agosto (August), septiembre (September), octubre (October), noviembre (November), diciembre (December). To ask ‘What is the date?’, say ‘¿Cuál es la fecha?’ or ‘¿A cuántos estamos?’. The response follows the pattern ‘Es el (number) de (month)’. For example, ‘Es el cinco de mayo’ (It is the fifth of May). The first of the month is an exception: ‘Es el primero de enero’ (It is the first of January).
一年中的月份同样容易记忆，因为它们与英语名称在很多地方相似：enero（一月），febrero（二月），marzo（三月），abril（四月），mayo（五月），junio（六月），julio（七月），agosto（八月），septiembre（九月），octubre（十月），noviembre（十一月），diciembre（十二月）。询问“今天是几号？”说 ‘¿Cuál es la fecha?’ 或 ‘¿A cuántos estamos?’。回答的格式为 ‘Es el (数字) de (月份)’。例如，’Es el cinco de mayo’（今天是五月五号）。每个月的第一天是例外：’Es el primero de enero’（今天是一月一日）。
7. Family and Pets | 家庭与宠物
Family is a core topic in Year 7 WJEC Spanish, and it allows you to practice possessive adjectives and the verb ‘tener’. Start with immediate family members: madre/mamá (mother/mum), padre/papá (father/dad), hermano (brother), hermana (sister), abuelo (grandfather), abuela (grandmother). You can extend to tío (uncle), tía (aunt), primo (male cousin), prima (female cousin). To talk about your family, use ‘tengo’ (I have): ‘Tengo dos hermanos’ (I have two brothers) or ‘Tengo un perro y un gato’ (I have a dog and a cat).
家庭是七年级 WJEC 西班牙语中的一个核心话题，它让你有机会练习物主形容词和动词 ‘tener’。先从直系亲属开始：madre/mamá（母亲/妈妈），padre/papá（父亲/爸爸），hermano（兄弟），hermana（姐妹），abuelo（祖父/外祖父），abuela（祖母/外祖母）。你还可以扩展到 tío（叔叔/舅舅），tía（阿姨/姑姑），primo（堂/表兄弟），prima（堂/表姐妹）。谈论你的家庭时，用 ‘tengo’（我有）：’Tengo dos hermanos’（我有两个兄弟）或 ‘Tengo un perro y un gato’（我有一只狗和一只猫）。
Describe your family members using what you have learned about ‘ser’ and adjectives. For example, ‘Mi madre es alta y tiene el pelo largo’ (My mum is tall and has long hair). ‘Mi abuelo es amable y divertido’ (My grandfather is kind and funny). Pets are also frequently discussed: perro (dog), gato (cat), pez (fish), conejo (rabbit), pájaro (bird). You can say ‘Me llamo Carlos. Tengo doce años. En mi familia hay cuatro personas: mi madre, mi padre, mi hermana y yo. También tenemos un gato negro’ (My name is Carlos. I am twelve years old. In my family there are four people: my mum, my dad, my sister and me. We also have a black cat).
用你学过的 ‘ser’ 和形容词来描述家庭成员。例如，’Mi madre es alta y tiene el pelo largo’（我妈妈个子高，留着长头发）。’Mi abuelo es amable y divertido’（我爷爷很和蔼又风趣）。宠物也是经常谈论的话题：perro（狗），gato（猫），pez（鱼），conejo（兔子），pájaro（鸟）。你可以说：’Me llamo Carlos. Tengo doce años. En mi familia hay cuatro personas: mi madre, mi padre, mi hermana y yo. También tenemos un gato negro’（我叫 Carlos。我十二岁。我家有四口人：妈妈、爸爸、妹妹和我。我们还养了一只黑猫）。
8. School Life | 学校生活
Since you are about to start Year 7, school vocabulary is immediately relevant. Key words include: el colegio/la escuela (school), el profesor/la profesora (teacher), el alumno/la alumna (pupil), la clase (class/classroom), la asignatura (subject), el horario (timetable), los deberes (homework), and el recreo (break time). Common subjects are: matemáticas (maths), inglés (English), ciencias (science), historia (history), geografía (geography), educación física (PE), arte (art), música (music), and español (Spanish).
因为你即将开始七年级，学校词汇马上就能用上。关键词汇包括：el colegio/la escuela（学校），el profesor/la profesora（教师），el alumno/la alumna（学生），la clase（班级/教室），la asignatura（科目），el horario（课程表），los deberes（家庭作业）和 el recreo（课间休息）。常见的科目有：matemáticas（数学），inglés（英语），ciencias（自然），historia（历史），geografía（地理），educación física（体育），arte（艺术），música（音乐）和 español（西班牙语）。
To express your opinions about school subjects, use ‘Me gusta’ (I like) or ‘No me gusta’ (I don’t like) followed by the subject name. For emphasis, add ‘mucho’ (a lot): ‘Me gusta mucho el arte’ (I really like art). You can also give a reason using ‘porque es…’ (because it is…): ‘No me gustan las matemáticas porque es difícil’ (I don’t like maths because it is difficult). Notice how ‘gusta’ changes to ‘gustan’ when you talk about a plural subject — ‘Me gustan las ciencias’ (I like sciences). Practice describing your school day: ‘Los lunes tengo matemáticas, inglés y español. Mi clase favorita es español porque es divertido.’
表达你对学校科目的看法，用 ‘Me gusta’（我喜欢）或 ‘No me gusta’（我不喜欢）后接科目名称。要强调时加上 ‘mucho’（非常）：’Me gusta mucho el arte’（我非常喜欢艺术）。你也可以用 ‘porque es…’（因为…）给出理由：’No me gustan las matemáticas porque es difícil’（我不喜欢数学因为它很难）。注意，当谈论复数主语时 ‘gusta’ 变成 ‘gustan’——’Me gustan las ciencias’（我喜欢科学）。练习描述你的一天：’Los lunes tengo matemáticas, inglés y español. Mi clase favorita es español porque es divertido.’（星期一我有数学、英语和西班牙语。我最喜欢的课是西班牙语因为它很有趣。）
9. Basic Verbs: ‘ser’, ‘tener’, ‘estar’ | 基础动词：ser, tener, estar
Verbs are the engines of Spanish sentences. Three of the most important irregular verbs for beginners are ‘ser’ (to be — permanent), ‘tener’ (to have), and ‘estar’ (to be — temporary or location). Although they follow patterns that must be memorised, focusing on the first person singular (‘yo’ form) already allows you to say a great deal: soy (I am), tengo (I have), estoy (I am). For example, ‘Soy estudiante’ (I am a student), ‘Tengo once años’ (I am eleven years old), ‘Estoy en casa’ (I am at home).
动词是西班牙语句子的引擎。对于初学者而言，最重要的三个不规则动词是 ‘ser’（是——永久状态）、’tener’（有）和 ‘estar’（是——暂时状态或位置）。尽管它们的变化规律需要记忆，但仅仅掌握第一人称单数（’yo’ 形式）就已经让你能说很多话了：soy（我是），tengo（我有），estoy（我是/在）。例如，’Soy estudiante’（我是一名学生），’Tengo once años’（我十一岁），’Estoy en casa’（我在家）。
A simple table will help you begin to recognise the full conjugation. Don’t worry about learning all the forms at once; just having them in your notebook for reference will make future lessons much easier.
一张简单的表格能帮你开始认识完整的动词变位。不必急着一次性学会所有形式；只要把它们记在笔记本里供参考，就会让未来的课程轻松许多。
| Subject | ser | tener | estar |
|---|---|---|---|
| yo (I) | soy | tengo | estoy |
| tú (you, singular informal) | eres | tienes | estás |
| él/ella/usted (he/she/you formal) | es | tiene | está |
| nosotros/nosotras (we) | somos | tenemos | estamos |
| vosotros/vosotras (you all, Spain) | sois | tenéis | estáis |
| ellos/ellas/ustedes (they/you all) | son | tienen | están |
10. Building Sentences and Questions | 构建句子和疑问句
Spanish sentence structure often follows the subject-verb-object order, just like English, but with more flexibility. You can say ‘Yo leo un libro’ (I read a book), but the ‘yo’ is often omitted because the verb ending already indicates the subject: ‘Leo un libro’. This is a key concept that will save you from sounding like a robot. When you want to add more detail, use time expressions like ‘por la mañana’ (in the morning), ‘todos los días’ (every day), or ‘ahora’ (now). For example, ‘Estudio español por la tarde’ (I study Spanish in the afternoon).
西班牙语的句子结构通常遵循主-谓-宾顺序，与英语类似，但更加灵活。你可以说 ‘Yo leo un libro’（我读一本书），但 ‘yo’ 常常省去，因为动词词尾已经表明了主语：’Leo un libro’。这是一个关键概念，能让你避免听起来像机器人。想添加更多细节时，使用时间表达，如 ‘por la mañana’（在早上），’todos los días’（每天）或 ‘ahora’（现在）。例如，’Estudio español por la tarde’（我下午学习西班牙语）。
Asking questions is easy: simply change your intonation and add the inverted question mark at the start. ‘Tienes un bolígrafo’ (You have a pen) becomes ‘¿Tienes un bolígrafo?’ (Do you have a pen?). You can also use question words: ¿Qué? (What?), ¿Quién? (Who?), ¿Dónde? (Where?), ¿Cuándo? (When?), ¿Por qué? (Why?), ¿Cómo? (How?). Always place the question word at the beginning: ‘¿Dónde vives?’ (Where do you live?). An answer could be ‘Vivo en Londres’ (I live in London).
提问很简单：改变语调并在句首加上倒问号即可。’Tienes un bolígrafo’（你有一支笔）变成 ‘¿Tienes un bolígrafo?’（你有一支笔吗？）。你也可以使用疑问词：¿Qué?（什么？），¿Quién?（谁？），¿Dónde?（哪里？），¿Cuándo?（什么时候？），¿Por qué?（为什么？），¿Cómo?（怎样？）。疑问词总是放在开头：’¿Dónde vives?’（你住在哪里？）。回答可以是 ‘Vivo en Londres’（我住在伦敦）。
11. Cultural Glimpse: The Spanish-Speaking World | 文化一瞥：西语世界
Spanish is not spoken only in Spain. It is the official language of 21 countries, including Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, and many others across Latin America. Even within Spain, there are other co-official languages such as Catalan, Galician, and Basque, and Spanish itself has regional accents and vocabulary. For example, ‘ordenador’ (computer) in Spain is ‘computadora’ in many Latin American countries. Appreciating this diversity makes learning Spanish more exciting and prepares you to communicate with people from many different backgrounds.
西班牙语并不仅仅在西班牙使用。它是21个国家的官方语言，包括墨西哥、阿根廷、哥伦比亚、秘鲁等遍布拉丁美洲的国家。即使在西班牙国内，也存在其他共同官方语言，如加泰罗尼亚语、加利西亚语和巴斯克语，而西班牙语本身也拥有多种地区口音和词汇。例如，西班牙的 ‘ordenador’（电脑）在许多拉美国家是 ‘computadora’。懂得这种多样性会让学习西班牙语更加激动人心，也让你准备好与来自许多不同背景
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 西班牙语 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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