📚 UK University Entry Requirements Comparison | 英国大学申请要求对照
In this statistics project, we explore how different UK universities set their entry requirements for a popular degree course. We will collect, organise and analyse data to compare these requirements using numerical measures and charts. This hands-on activity helps you practise key statistical skills such as creating frequency tables, drawing bar charts, and calculating mean, median, mode and range.
在这个统计项目中，我们探索不同英国大学对热门学位课程设定的入学要求。我们将收集、整理并分析数据，通过数值度量和图表来比较这些要求。这项实践活动可以帮助你练习关键的统计技能，例如创建频率表、绘制条形图，以及计算平均数、中位数、众数和极差。
1. Project Introduction | 项目介绍
Choosing a university can feel like solving a puzzle because every institution publishes its own typical offer. For Year 7 students studying statistics, this provides a perfect dataset to practise data handling. We will focus on UCAS tariff points, a common way to express entry requirements in numerical form, so we can compare them fairly.
选择大学有时就像解谜题，因为每所院校都会公布自己的典型录取条件。对于学习统计的七年级学生来说，这恰好提供了一个练习数据处理的完美数据集。我们将专注于UCAS积分，这是一种用数值形式表达入学要求的通用方式，这样我们就可以公平地进行比较。
2. Data Collection: Selecting Universities | 数据收集：选取大学
We need a sample of universities. For this study, we have chosen eight well-known UK universities that offer Computer Science degrees. The list includes Oxford, Cambridge, Imperial College London, UCL, Manchester, Birmingham, Cardiff and Liverpool. All data were gathered from their official undergraduate prospectuses, ensuring reliability.
我们需要一个大学样本。在本研究中，我们选择了八所提供计算机科学学位的英国知名大学。列表包括牛津大学、剑桥大学、帝国理工学院、伦敦大学学院、曼彻斯特大学、伯明翰大学、卡迪夫大学和利物浦大学。所有数据均来自它们的官方本科招生简章，以确保可靠性。
3. Understanding UCAS Tariff Points | 理解UCAS Tariff分数
UCAS tariff points convert A-level grades into numbers. An A* grade is worth 56 points, an A grade 48, a B 40, and a C 32. For example, a typical offer of A*AA translates to 56 + 48 + 48 = 152 points. This system helps us treat entry requirements as quantitative data so we can calculate averages and spread.
UCAS积分将A-level成绩转换为数字。A*等级值56分，A等级48分，B等级40分，C等级32分。例如，典型的A*AA录取要求转换为56 + 48 + 48 = 152分。这个系统帮助我们将入学要求视为定量数据，从而可以计算平均数和离散程度。
4. The Raw Data Table | 原始数据表
Below is the raw data showing typical UCAS tariff entry points for Computer Science at each university. This table helps us see the individual values before any grouping or calculation.
以下是原始数据，显示了各大学计算机科学专业的典型UCAS入学积分。这张表格可以帮助我们在进行任何分组或计算之前看到每个单独的数值。
| University | Tariff Points |
|---|---|
| University of Oxford | 160 |
| University of Cambridge | 160 |
| Imperial College London | 160 |
| UCL | 144 |
| University of Manchester | 144 |
| University of Birmingham | 136 |
| Cardiff University | 128 |
| University of Liverpool | 120 |
5. Organising Data: Frequency Table | 数据整理：频率表
To summarise the data, we group the tariff points into intervals. This makes it easier to see which score range is most common. We use equal class widths of 20 points, starting from 120–139.
为了汇总数据，我们将入学积分分组为区间。这样更容易看出哪个分数段最常见。我们使用相等的组距，每组20分，从120–139开始。
| Tariff Points | Frequency |
|---|---|
| 120 – 139 | 2 |
| 140 – 159 | 2 |
| 160 – 179 | 3 |
Notice that one university (Birmingham with 136 points) falls into the 120–139 group together with Liverpool, and Manchester and UCL (144) join the 140–159 group. The top band contains the three 160-point universities.
注意，伯明翰大学以136分和利物浦大学一起归入120–139组，曼彻斯特大学和伦敦大学学院（144分）进入140–159组。最高一组包含三所160分的大学。
6. Bar Chart: Visualising Entry Requirements | 条形图：可视化申请要求
A bar chart helps us compare the individual tariff points quickly. Each bar represents a university, and the height shows its entry requirement. Because the data is discrete and we want to compare cases, a bar chart is appropriate here.
条形图可以帮助我们快速比较各个大学的入学积分。每个条形代表一所大学，其高度显示入学要求。由于数据是离散的，而且我们希望进行个案比较，这里使用条形图是合适的。
Imagine drawing a chart with the university names on the horizontal axis and tariff points on the vertical axis, scaled from 0 to 170. Oxford, Cambridge and Imperial all stand at 160; UCL and Manchester at 144; Birmingham at 136; Cardiff at 128; and Liverpool at 120. The differences are clearly visible.
想象绘制一个图表，横轴是大学名称，纵轴是入学积分，刻度从0到170。牛津、剑桥和帝国理工都位于160；伦敦大学学院和曼彻斯特位于144；伯明翰在136；卡迪夫在128；利物浦在120。差异一目了然。
7. Measures of Central Tendency: Mean | 集中趋势度量：平均数
The mean gives us a typical value by balancing all the data. We add all eight tariff points and divide by the number of universities.
平均数通过平衡所有数据给出一个典型值。我们将所有八个入学积分相加，然后除以大学的个数。
Mean = (160 + 160 + 160 + 144 + 144 + 136 + 128 + 120) ÷ 8 = 1152 ÷ 8 = 144
The average UCAS tariff requirement among these eight universities is 144 points, which is equivalent to AAA at A-level. This suggests a competitive field.
这八所大学的平均UCAS入学积分要求为144分，相当于A-level成绩AAA。这表明这是一个竞争激烈的领域。
8. Median Entry Tariff | 中位数入学积分
The median is the middle value when data are ordered. If there is an even number of values, we take the mean of the two middle numbers.
中位数是将数据排序后位于中间的值。如果有偶数个数值，我们取中间两个数的平均值。
Ordered data: 120, 128, 136, 144, 144, 160, 160, 160. The two middle values are the 4th and 5th: both are 144. So the median = (144 + 144) ÷ 2 = 144. Here the median equals the mean, indicating a fairly symmetric distribution.
排序后的数据：120, 128, 136, 144, 144, 160, 160, 160。中间两个值是第4和第5个数，都是144。因此中位数 = (144 + 144) ÷ 2 = 144。这里中位数等于平均数，表明分布较为对称。
9. Mode and Modal Tariff Range | 众数与常模分数段
The mode is the value that appears most often. In our raw data, the tariff point 160 appears three times (Oxford, Cambridge, Imperial). Therefore, the mode is 160 points.
众数是出现次数最多的数值。在我们的原始数据中，入学积分160出现了三次（牛津、剑桥、帝国理工）。因此，众数是160分。
If we use the grouped frequency table, the modal class is 160–179 points with a frequency of 3. This tells us that the highest requirement band is the most common in this sample, which is unusual and worth discussing.
如果我们使用分组频率表，众数类别是160–179分，频率为3。这说明在这个样本中，最高要求段反而是最常见的，这一点不寻常，值得讨论。
10. Range: Spread of Requirements | 极差：要求的离散程度
The range measures how spread out the data are. It is the difference between the maximum and minimum values.
极差衡量数据的离散程度。它是最大值与最小值之间的差。
Range = 160 – 120 = 40 points
A range of 40 points shows a noticeable gap between the least and most demanding universities. For a student, moving from Liverpool’s requirement to Oxford’s mean a jump of almost three A-level grades worth of tariff points.
40分的极差显示，要求最低和最高的大学之间存在明显差距。对学生而言，从利物浦的要求跳到牛津的要求，意味着积分上几乎相当于三个A-level等级的提高。
11. Interpretation and Conclusion | 解读与结论
Our statistical comparison reveals that top universities cluster around very high tariff requirements, while others offer a more accessible route. Although the mean and median are both 144, the mode of 160 highlights a concentration of elite institutions in our sample. Using frequency tables and bar charts helped us visualise patterns, and the range reminded us that not all Computer Science degrees demand the same grades.
我们的统计比较表明，顶尖大学集中在非常高的入学积分要求周围，而其他大学则提供了更容易进入的途径。虽然平均数和中位数都是144，但众数160突显了我们样本中精英院校的集中。使用频率表和条形图帮助我们直观地看到模式，而极差则提醒我们，并非所有计算机科学学位都要求相同的成绩。
When carrying out your own statistical enquiries, always think about where your data comes from and how you choose your sample, as a different set of universities could produce different results.
在你进行自己的统计调查时，一定要思考数据的来源以及你是如何选择样本的，因为不同的大学集合可能会产生不同的结果。
Published by TutorHao | Statistics Revision Series | aleveler.com
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