📚 Year 7 AQA Engineering: Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | 7年级AQA工程：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your dedicated memory toolkit for Year 7 AQA Engineering vocabulary. The words you learn now are the building blocks for every design, circuit and structure you will encounter. This guide gives you clear bilingual explanations and practical tips to help the terms stick – so you can talk and write like a real engineer from day one.
欢迎来到专为7年级AQA工程设计的词汇记忆工具箱。你现在学到的每一个词，都是今后每一个设计、电路和结构的基础。这份指南提供清晰的双语解释和实用技巧，帮助你牢牢记住术语，让你从第一天起就能像真正的工程师一样思考和表达。
1. Why Master Engineering Vocabulary? | 为什么要掌握工程词汇？
In Year 7 AQA Engineering, moving beyond everyday words is essential. Describing a ‘pull’ as tension or a ‘bendy’ material as flexible shows examiners that you grasp the technical language. Precise vocabulary also makes teamwork and design sketching much smoother.
在7年级AQA工程课上，超越日常用词至关重要。把“拉拽”说成拉力，把“能弯曲的材料”描述为柔韧，能让考官立刻看出你掌握了专业语言。准确的词汇还能让你的团队合作和设计草图更加顺畅。
Think of engineering terms as Lego bricks. Each word connects to others to build a complete explanation. The more bricks you own, the bigger your ideas can become.
把工程术语想象成乐高积木。每个词都与其他词相连，拼搭出完整的解释。你拥有的积木越多，你的创意就能变得越大。
2. Forces and Motion | 力与运动
Forces are pushes or pulls that can change an object’s shape, speed or direction. Year 7 AQA Engineering expects you to name and describe different force types with confidence.
力是能改变物体形状、速度或方向的推或拉。7年级AQA工程要求你自信地说出并描述不同种类的力。
Tension – a force that stretches or elongates a material. Imagine pulling a rubber band until it gets longer.
拉力 – 使材料拉伸变长的力。想象拉长橡皮筋的动作。
Compression – a force that squashes or shortens a material. Think of pressing a spring down between your fingers.
压力（压缩力） – 让物体被压扁或变短的力。想象用手指把弹簧压下去。
Torsion – a twisting force. Remember turning a tap or wringing out a wet cloth.
扭力 – 扭转的力。可以联想拧水龙头或拧干湿抹布。
Shear – a force that makes parts of a material slide past each other, like scissors cutting paper.
剪切力 – 让材料内部分层滑动的力，就像剪刀剪纸。
Bending – a combination of tension and compression that curves a beam. Visualise a diving board bending under weight.
弯曲力 – 拉力和压力共同作用使梁变弯。想象跳板在重量下弯曲的样子。
3. Materials and Properties | 材料与特性
Choosing the right material is the heart of engineering design. You need to know the properties that make a material suitable for a bridge, a phone case or a wind turbine blade.
选择合适的材料是工程设计的核心。你需要知道哪些特性让一种材料适用于桥梁、手机壳或风力发电机叶片。
Hardness – resistance to scratches or dents. Diamond is hard; chalk is not.
硬度 – 抵抗划伤或压痕的能力。钻石很硬，粉笔则相反。
Toughness – the ability to absorb impacts without breaking. A phone case needs high toughness to protect against drops.
韧性 – 吸收冲击而不破裂的能力。手机壳需要高韧性来防止摔坏。
Elasticity – the ability to return to original shape after being stretched or squashed. Elastic bands show high elasticity.
弹性 – 被拉伸或压缩后恢复原状的能力。橡皮筋展现出很高的弹性。
Ductility – how easily a material can be drawn into wires without snapping. Copper is ductile, which is why it is used in electrical wiring.
延展性 – 材料被拉成细丝而不断裂的容易程度。铜具有延展性，因此用在电线中。
Brittleness – the tendency to shatter suddenly instead of bending. Glass is brittle; even a small knock can crack it.
脆性 – 突然碎裂而非弯曲的倾向。玻璃是脆的，轻轻一碰就可能裂开。
Conductor vs Insulator – conductors let heat or electricity flow easily (metals); insulators block the flow (rubber, plastic).
导体与绝缘体 – 导体让热或电流容易通过（金属）；绝缘体阻碍流动（橡胶、塑料）。
4. Mechanisms and Structures | 机械与结构
Mechanisms change the size, direction or type of motion. Structures provide support. Together they form the skeleton of machines and buildings.
机构改变运动的大小、方向或类型。结构提供支撑。它们共同构成机器和建筑的骨架。
Lever – a rigid bar that pivots around a point called a fulcrum to lift loads. The longer the lever, the easier it is to lift a heavy object.
杠杆 – 一根绕支点转动的硬杆，用来抬升负载。杠杆越长，抬起重物越省力。
Pulley – a wheel with a groove for a rope or belt, used to change the direction of force or lift loads with less effort. Think of a flagpole rope system.
滑轮 – 带凹槽的轮子，用于改变力的方向或更省力地提升重物。想象旗杆的绳索系统。
Gear – a toothed wheel that meshes with another gear to transmit torque and change speed. Big gear driving a small gear increases speed.
齿轮 – 带齿的轮子，与另一齿轮啮合以传递扭矩并改变转速。大齿轮带动小齿轮能提高速度。
Linkage – a system of bars and joints that transforms motion, like the wiper blades in a car.
连杆机构 – 由杆和接头组成的系统，用来转换运动，比如汽车雨刮器。
Truss – a framework of triangles used to support roofs and bridges. Triangles are strong because they cannot collapse sideways easily.
桁架 – 由三角形单元组成的框架，用于支撑屋顶和桥梁。三角形结构稳定，不易侧向倒塌。
Beam – a horizontal structural member that resists bending. Girders are large beams.
梁 – 承受弯曲的水平结构件。大钢梁就是大型梁。
5. Electronics and Circuits | 电子与电路
Electricity follows strict rules, and the vocabulary helps you explain what is happening inside any gadget. Year 7 AQA introduces basic circuit terminology.
电流的流动遵守严格的规则，掌握相关词汇能帮你解释任何装置内部的工作原理。7年级AQA会介绍基本的电路术语。
Circuit – a complete, unbroken loop that allows electricity to flow. A broken loop is an open circuit and stops the flow instantly.
电路 – 允许电流通过的完整闭合回路。断开的回路是开路，会立即使电流停止。
Current – the flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A). Picture tiny charged particles marching through wires like water through a pipe.
电流 – 电荷的流动，单位是安培 (A)。想象微小带电粒子像水在管中流动一样穿过电线。
Voltage – the ‘push’ or pressure that drives current around a circuit, measured in volts (V). A higher voltage gives a stronger push.
电压 – 推动电流在电路中流动的“推力”或压力，单位是伏特 (V)。电压越高，推力越强。
Resistance – opposition to current flow, measured in ohms (Ω). Think of it as friction inside the wire that slows the charges down.
电阻 – 对电流流动的阻碍，单位是欧姆 (Ω)。可以把它想象成导线内部的摩擦力，会让电荷减速。
Series circuit – components connected one after another in a single path. If one bulb fails, all go out.
串联电路 – 元件首尾相连成一条路径。一个灯泡坏了，所有灯泡都会熄灭。
Parallel circuit – components connected in separate branches. Each branch gets the full voltage, so if one bulb breaks, the others stay lit.
并联电路 – 元件连接在不同分支中。每条支路都获得完整电压，所以一个灯泡坏了，其他灯泡仍然亮着。
6. Tools and Workshop Terms | 工具与车间术语
Working safely and accurately in the workshop means knowing the names and uses of common tools. AQA Engineering expects you to link tools to specific operations.
在车间里安全、准确地操作意味着要知道常用工具的名称和用途。AQA工程学要求你将工具和具体操作对应起来。
Vernier calliper – a precision measuring tool that gives readings to 0.1 mm or better. Use it to measure the thickness of a wire or the diameter of a pipe.
游标卡尺 – 精度可达0.1毫米或更高的精密测量工具，用于测量金属丝厚度或管子直径。
Micrometer – measures very small distances, often to 0.01 mm. It is perfect for checking the thickness of a sheet of metal.
千分尺 – 测量极小长度，精度通常为0.01毫米，用于检测金属薄板的厚度。
Hacksaw – a fine-toothed saw for cutting metal and plastic. The blade is held under tension in a frame.
钢锯 – 用于切割金属和塑料的细齿锯，锯条在锯架上保持张紧。
File – a hardened steel tool with rough ridges for smoothing and shaping materials. Cross filing and draw filing are key techniques.
锉刀 – 带有粗糙纹路的硬化钢工具，用于打磨和修整材料。交叉锉和拉锉是两种基本技法。
Vice – a clamping device fixed to a workbench, used to hold workpieces securely while you cut, drill or file.
台虎钳 – 固定在工作台上的夹持装置，用来牢固地夹住工件，方便进行锯切、钻孔或锉削。
Soldering iron – a heated tool that melts solder to join electronic components. Safe use includes a stand and ventilation.
电烙铁 – 加热后熔化焊锡以连接电子元件。安全使用包括配备烙铁架和保持通风。
7. Design Process Keywords | 设计流程术语
Engineering is not just about making; it is about designing with purpose. AQA asks you to follow a structured design process and use the correct vocabulary for each stage.
工程学不仅仅是制造，更是有目的地设计。AQA要求你遵循结构化的设计流程，并为每个阶段使用正确的术语。
Brief – a statement that explains the problem or need the design must solve. A clear brief keeps the whole project on track.
设计概要 – 阐明设计必须解决的问题或满足的需求。一份清晰的设计概要能让整个项目走上正轨。
Specification – a detailed list of requirements that the final product must meet, such as size, weight, cost and materials.
规格要求 – 最终产品必须满足的详细要求列表，例如尺寸、重量、成本和材料。
Prototype – a first working model built to test ideas. Making a prototype helps you spot problems before full production.
原型 – 为了测试想法而制造的第一个工作模型。制作原型有助于在全面投产前发现问题。
Iterative design – a cycle of designing, testing, evaluating and improving. Each loop makes the product a little better.
迭代设计 – 设计、测试、评估和改进的循环过程。每循环一次，产品都会变得更好一点。
Evaluate – to judge how well a design meets the specification by testing and collecting opinions. Evaluation leads to smart modifications.
评估 – 通过测试和收集意见，判断设计在多大程度上满足规格要求。评估会引出明智的修改方案。
Sustainable – using materials and processes that minimise harm to the planet and can continue for the long term. Sustainable design often involves recycling and renewable energy.
可持续的 – 使用对地球伤害最小并能长远持续的物料和工艺。可持续设计常常涉及回收利用和可再生能源。
8. Energy, Power and Efficiency | 能量、功率与效率
All machines involve energy changes. Learning the precise words for these changes helps you calculate and explain performance.
所有机器都涉及能量转换。学会这些转换的准确词汇，能帮你计算和解释机器的性能。
Energy – the ability to do work, measured in joules (J). It exists in many forms: kinetic, gravitational potential, chemical, thermal, electrical and more.
能量 – 做功的能力，单位是焦耳 (J)。能量有多种形式：动能、重力势能、化学能、热能、电能等。
Power – the rate at which energy is transferred, measured in watts (W). 1 watt equals 1 joule per second.
功率 – 能量传递的速率，单位是瓦特 (W)。1 瓦特等于 1 焦耳每秒。
Efficiency – the percentage of input energy that is converted into useful output. Most machines lose some energy as waste heat, so efficiency is always below 100 %.
效率 – 输入能量转化为有用输出的百分比。大多数机器会以废热形式损失一部分能量，因此效率总是低于100%。
Work done – the energy transferred when a force moves an object. Work (J) = force (N) × distance moved (m).
做功 – 力使物体移动时所传递的能量。功 (J) = 力 (N) × 移动距离 (m)。
Input, Output, Waste – input energy goes in, useful output comes out, and the rest is waste energy, mainly heat or sound. Good designers aim to reduce waste.
输入、输出、损耗 – 能量输入后，一部分成为有用输出，剩下的就是耗散能量，主要是热或声音。优秀的设计师致力于减少损耗。
Renewable energy – sources that can be replenished naturally, such as solar, wind, tidal and hydro. They are central to sustainable engineering.
可再生能源 – 能够自然再生的能源，如太阳能、风能、潮汐能和水能。它们是可持续工程的核心。
9. Measurement and SI Units | 测量与国际单位制
Engineering depends on accurate measurements. AQA Year 7 introduces the SI system (International System of Units) and the vocabulary used to record results reliably.
工程离不开精准的测量。7年级AQA会引入国际单位制 (SI) 以及用来可靠记录结果的相关术语。
Length – base unit metre (m). Engineers also use millimetres (mm) for fine work and kilometres (km) for large distances.
长度 – 基本单位米 (m)。工程师在精细工作中也使用毫米 (mm)，在长距离中使用千米 (km)。
Mass – base unit kilogram (kg), not weight. Mass measures how much matter an object contains and stays the same everywhere.
质量 – 基本单位千克 (kg)，不是重量。质量衡量物体含有多少物质，在任何地方都保持不变。
Force – unit newton (N). One newton is roughly the weight of a small apple. Force is mass × acceleration.
力 – 单位牛顿 (N)。1 牛顿约等于一个小苹果的重量。力 = 质量 × 加速度。
Pressure – force per unit area, unit pascal (Pa). 1 Pa = 1 N/m². Sharp objects exert high pressure because the area is tiny.
压强 – 单位面积上的力，单位帕斯卡 (Pa)。1 Pa = 1 N/m²。尖锐物体因为面积极小，能产生很高的压强。
Area – measured in square metres (m²). To find the area of a rectangle, multiply its length by its width.
面积 – 单位平方米 (m²)。矩形的面积等于长乘以宽。
Volume – measured in cubic metres (m³) or litres (L). 1 m³ = 1000 L. It tells you how much space an object occupies.
体积 – 单位立方米 (m³) 或升 (L)。1 m³ = 1000 L。体积告诉你物体占据了多少空间。
10. Top Memory Tricks for Engineering Terms | 工程术语顶级记忆技巧
Even the trickiest words can become unforgettable with the right strategy. Use the following techniques to turn vocabulary learning into a game.
再难记的词汇，用对方法都能变得难忘。试试下面的技巧，把词汇学习变成游戏。
Acronyms – create a short word from the first letters of a list. For the forces Tension, Compression, Torsion, Shear, Bending, try ‘T-CAT’S B’ (Tension Compression And Torsion Shear Bending) or make up your own.
首字母缩略法 – 把一组词的首字母编成一个短词。对于拉力、压力、扭力、剪切力、弯曲力这几个力，可以试试用“拉压扭剪弯”的拼音首字母“LYNJW”编个小故事。
Rhymes and songs – turn definitions into short rhymes. ‘Volts push, amps flow, ohms resist – now you know.’ Singing it once cements it.
押韵和歌曲 – 把定义编成短韵文。“伏特推，安培流，欧姆阻──你已懂。”唱一遍就能巩固记忆。
Visual associations – link a term to a vivid mental picture. For shear, imagine a giant pair of scissors slicing a metal beam. The crazier the image, the stronger the memory.
图像联想法 – 把术语和生动的画面关联起来。对于剪切力，想象一把巨型剪刀剪断金属梁的画面。画面越夸张，记忆越牢固。
Word roots – many engineering words come from Latin or Greek. ‘Ductile’ shares a root with ‘duct’ (a pipe) – something that can be pulled. ‘Torsion’ relates to ‘torque’ and ‘twist’. Spotting roots unlocks whole word families.
词根法 – 许多工程词汇源于拉丁语或希腊语。“Ductile”(延展性)与“duct”(管道)同源，表示能被拉拽。“Torsion”(扭力)与“torque”(扭矩)和“twist”(扭转)相关。识别词根能解锁整个词语家族。
Flashcards with diagrams – on one side write the term; on the other side draw a simple sketch and add the bilingual definition. Carry a few with you and test yourself during short breaks. Your brain builds stronger connections every time you recall.
带示意图的闪卡 – 一面写术语，另一面画简图并加上双语定义。随身带几张，利用短休息时间自测。每回想一次，大脑就建立更强的连接。
Published by TutorHao | Engineering Revision Series | aleveler.com
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