📚 Year 7 AQA French: Grammar Rules Quick Reference Handbook | Year 7 AQA 法语:公式定理速查手册
Welcome to your Year 7 AQA French quick reference handbook. Just as mathematicians rely on formulas and theorems, language learners need a set of reliable rules to build sentences with confidence. This guide gathers the essential grammar “formulas” you will encounter in Year 7 – from noun genders and articles to verb conjugations and sentence patterns. Keep it handy whenever you need to check a rule or remind yourself how to put French words together correctly.
欢迎使用 Year 7 AQA 法语速查手册。就像数学家依赖公式和定理一样,语言学习者也需要一套可靠的规则来自信地构建句子。本指南汇集了你在 Year 7 中将遇到的基本语法“公式”——从名词性别和冠词,到动词变位和句型结构。每当你需要核对规则或提醒自己如何正确组合法语单词时,都可以随时查阅。
1. Noun Gender Rules | 名词性别规则
In French, every noun is either masculine or feminine. There is no neutral “it” category, so learning the gender of a noun is essential for using the correct articles and adjectives. While you will need to memorize many genders, a few pattern-based formulas can help you guess correctly.
在法语中,每个名词要么是阳性,要么是阴性。没有中性的“它”类别,因此记住名词的性别对于使用正确的冠词和形容词至关重要。虽然许多性别需要记忆,但一些模式化的公式可以帮助你准确猜测。
Formula 1: Typically masculine endings – nouns ending in -eau, -isme, -ment are often masculine: le bateau (boat), le tourisme (tourism), le bâtiment (building).
公式1:典型的阳性结尾 – 以-eau, -isme, -ment结尾的名词通常是阳性:le bateau(船),le tourisme(旅游),le bâtiment(建筑)。
Formula 2: Typically feminine endings – nouns ending in -tion, -sion, -té are usually feminine: la nation (nation), la télévision (television), la liberté (freedom).
公式2:典型的阴性结尾 – 以-tion, -sion, -té结尾的名词通常是阴性:la nation(国家),la télévision(电视),la liberté(自由)。
For Year 7, pay special attention to the gender of classroom objects and family members: un stylo (pen, m.), une trousse (pencil case, f.), un frère (brother, m.), une sœur (sister, f.).
对于 Year 7,要特别注意教室物品和家庭成员的名词性别:un stylo(笔,阳性),une trousse(铅笔盒,阴性),un frère(兄弟,阳性),une sœur(姐妹,阴性)。
2. Articles: Definite and Indefinite | 冠词:定冠词与不定冠词
Articles are small words that introduce nouns, and they must agree in gender and number with the noun they accompany. French uses definite articles to mean “the” and indefinite articles to mean “a/an/some”.
冠词是引导名词的小词,它们必须与其所修饰的名词在性别和数上保持一致。法语使用定冠词表示“the”,使用不定冠词表示“a/an/some”。
| Type | Masculine | Feminine | Before vowel/h | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definite (the) | le | la | l’ | les |
| Indefinite (a/an/some) | un | une | un/une | des |
Definite article formula: le + masculine singular noun (le garçon), la + feminine singular noun (la fille), l’ + vowel/h (l’ami), les + plural noun (les enfants). Indefinite article formula: un + masculine singular (un livre), une + feminine singular (une chaise), des + plural (des stylos).
定冠词公式:le + 阳性单数名词(le garçon 男孩),la + 阴性单数名词(la fille 女孩),l’ + 元音/h(l’ami 朋友),les + 复数名词(les enfants 孩子们)。不定冠词公式:un + 阳性单数(un livre 一本书),une + 阴性单数(une chaise 一把椅子),des + 复数(des stylos 一些笔)。
3. Subject Pronouns | 主语代词
Subject pronouns tell you who or what is performing the verb action. In French, the pronoun “you” has both an informal singular form and a formal or plural form, and “they” distinguishes between all-masculine/mixed groups and all-feminine groups.
主语代词告诉你谁或什么在执行动词的动作。在法语中,代词“你”有非正式单数形式和正式或复数形式,而“他们”区分全阳性/混合群体和全阴性群体。
| English | French |
|---|---|
| I | je (j’ before vowel) |
| you (singular informal) | tu |
| he / it (masc.) | il |
| she / it (fem.) | elle |
| one / we (impersonal) | on |
| we | nous |
| you (formal / plural) | vous |
| they (masc. / mixed) | ils |
| they (fem. only) | elles |
The pronoun on is very common in spoken French and often replaces nous in casual conversation: On va au cinéma means “We are going to the cinema”. Remember that ils is used for any group containing at least one male.
代词on在口语中非常常见,经常在随意对话中代替nous:On va au cinéma 意思是“我们去看电影”。请记住,ils 用于包含至少一名男性的任何群体。
4. Regular -er Verbs: Present Tense Formula | 规则 -er 动词:现在时变位公式
The largest family of French verbs ends in -er in the infinitive. To conjugate them in the present tense, you follow a simple formula: remove the -er ending to find the stem, then add the correct endings.
法语中最大的动词家族以-er结尾。要将它们在现在时变位,你遵循一个简单的公式:去掉-er结尾找到词干,然后加上正确的词尾。
Verb stem = infinitive minus -er | Endings: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent
| Pronoun | Ending | Example: parler (to speak) |
|---|---|---|
| je | -e | je parle (I speak) |
| tu | -es | tu parles (you speak, informal) |
| il/elle/on | -e | il parle (he speaks) |
| nous | -ons | nous parlons (we speak) |
| vous | -ez | vous parlez (you speak, formal/plural) |
| ils/elles | -ent | ils parlent (they speak) |
Other common Year 7 -er verbs include: aimer (to like/love), habiter (to live), regarder (to watch), écouter (to listen), jouer (to play), manger (to eat) – note manger keeps the ‘e’ in the nous form: nous mangeons.
其他 Year 7 常见的 -er 动词包括:aimer(喜欢/爱),habiter(居住),regarder(看),écouter(听),jouer(玩),manger(吃)——注意 manger 在 nous 形式中保留 ‘e’:nous mangeons。
5. Être (To Be) Conjugation | Être (是) 变位
The verb être (to be) is the most essential irregular verb in French. It does not follow the regular -er pattern, so you must learn its forms by heart. Use the “être formula” whenever you want to describe identity, nationality, profession, or characteristics.
动词être(是)是法语中最基本的不规则动词。它不遵循规则的 -er 模式,因此你必须熟记其形式。每当你想描述身份、国籍、职业或特征时,就使用“être 公式”。
Subject + form of être + adjective/noun
| Pronoun | Être form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| je | suis | Je suis anglais. (I am English.) |
| tu | es | Tu es sympa. (You are nice.) |
| il/elle/on | est | Elle est grande. (She is tall.) |
| nous | sommes | Nous sommes élèves. (We are students.) |
| vous | êtes | Vous êtes en retard. (You are late.) |
| ils/elles | sont | Ils sont français. (They are French.) |
When the subject is je, suis becomes suis (no contraction). In questions, you can place the verb before the pronoun: Es-tu prêt? (Are you ready?). This is a key Year 7 question pattern.
当主语是je时,suis保持不变(无缩写)。在疑问句中,你可以将动词放在代词之前:Es-tu prêt?(你准备好了吗?)这是一个关键的 Year 7 提问模式。
6. Avoir (To Have) Conjugation | Avoir (有) 变位
Avoir is another irregular heavy-weight. It is used to express possession, age, and as part of many common expressions. Learning the avoir conjugation formula will unlock phrases like “I have a brother” or “I am 12 years old”. In French, you literally say “I have 12 years”.
Avoir 是另一个重量级不规则动词。它用于表达拥有、年龄,以及许多常见表达。学会 avoir 变位公式将解锁诸如“我有一个哥哥”或“我12岁”之类的短语。在法语中,你字面上说“我有12年”。
| Pronoun | Avoir form | Example meaning |
|---|---|---|
| j’ | ai | J’ai un chien. (I have a dog.) |
| tu | as | Tu as faim? (Are you hungry?) |
| il/elle/on | a | Il a douze ans. (He is 12 years old.) |
| nous | avons | Nous avons un examen. (We have an exam.) |
| vous | avez | Vous avez une voiture. (You have a car.) |
| ils/elles | ont | Elles ont des livres. (They have books.) |
Common avoir expressions: avoir faim (to be hungry), avoir soif (to be thirsty), avoir chaud/froid (to be hot/cold), avoir peur (to be scared). These are not literal translations from English, so remember them as fixed formulas.
常见 avoir 表达:avoir faim(饿),avoir soif(渴),avoir chaud/froid(热/冷),avoir peur(害怕)。这些不是英语的直译,所以请将它们作为固定公式记住。
7. Adjective Agreement Formula | 形容词一致性公式
In French, most adjectives change their form to match the gender and number of the noun they describe. The basic formula: add -e for the feminine, -s for the plural, and -es for the feminine plural. However, many adjectives have slightly irregular patterns, so we treat them as special cases.
在法语中,大多数形容词会变化形式以匹配它们所修饰名词的性别和数。基本公式:阴性加-e,复数加-s,阴性复数加-es。然而,许多形容词有略微不规则的形态,因此我们将其视为特殊情况。
Regular adjective formula: petit (masc. sing.) → petite (fem. sing.) → petits (masc. pl.) → petites (fem. pl.). Other examples: grand/grande/grands/grandes (tall/big), intelligent/intelligente/intelligents/intelligentes (intelligent).
规则形容词公式:petit(阳性单数)→ petite(阴性单数)→ petits(阳性复数)→ petites(阴性复数)。其他例子:grand/grande/grands/grandes(高/大),intelligent/intelligente/intelligents/intelligentes(聪明的)。
Position formula: Most French adjectives come after the noun. However, some common ones (often remembered by the acronym BAGS – Beauty, Age, Goodness, Size) come before the noun: beau/bel (beautiful), jeune (young), bon (good), grand (big).
位置公式:大多数法语形容词放在名词之后。然而,一些常见形容词(通常用首字母缩略词 BAGS 记忆——Beauty 美、Age 年龄、Goodness 善、Size 大小)放在名词之前:beau/bel(美丽的),jeune(年轻的),bon(好的),grand(大的)。
8. Negation Formula: ne … pas | 否定式公式:ne … pas
To make a sentence negative in French, surround the conjugated verb with ne (or n’ before a vowel) and pas. Think of it as a verb sandwich: the verb sits tightly between ne and pas.
要将法语句子变成否定,用ne(在元音前变为n’)和pas包围变位动词。可以把它想象成一个动词三明治:动词被紧紧夹在ne和pas之间。
Subject + ne (n’) + conjugated verb + pas + rest of sentence
Examples: Je parle français → Je ne parle pas français. (I do not speak French.) Elle aime la musique → Elle n’aime pas la musique. (She does not like music.) Nous sommes fatigués → Nous ne sommes pas fatigués. (We are not tired.)
例子:Je parle français → Je ne parle pas français.(我不说法语。)Elle aime la musique → Elle n’aime pas la musique.(她不喜欢音乐。)Nous sommes fatigués → Nous ne sommes pas fatigués.(我们不累。)
In spoken French, the ne is often dropped, but for Year 7 AQA, you should always write both parts. This formula works for all tenses later, so mastering it now builds strong foundations.
在法语口语中,ne 经常被省略,但对于 Year 7 AQA,你应始终写出两部分。这个公式之后适用于所有时态,现在掌握它将打下坚实的基础。
9. Question Formation Patterns | 疑问句构成模式
Year 7 introduces three main formulas for asking questions. You can use intonation, the phrase est-ce que, or inversion. Each has its own pattern, from informal to formal.
Year 7 介绍了三种主要的提问公式。你可以使用语调、短语est-ce que或倒装结构。每种模式都有自己的形式,从非正式到正式。
Pattern 1: Intonation – Simply raise your voice at the end of a statement. This is the easiest and most common in speech. Tu aimes le sport? (Do you like sport?)
模式1:语调 – 只需在陈述句末尾
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 法语 Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022(同微信)
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导,国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导