📚 Year 7 AQA History Vocabulary Quick-Memorisation Guide | AQA 历史词汇术语速记指南（Year 7）
Welcome to your quick-memorisation guide for essential AQA Key Stage 3 History terms. Year 7 is the perfect time to build a strong vocabulary foundation – these words are the toolkit you will use to describe, explain, and analyse the past. This guide pairs every term with a clear definition, a memorable trick, and a dual-language example so you can lock it into your long-term memory. Let’s turn tricky historical language into your superpower.
欢迎来到 AQA 关键阶段 3 历史核心术语速记指南。七年级正是打好词汇基础的最佳时机——这些词语是你描述、解释和分析过去事件的工具箱。本指南为每个术语配上了清晰的定义、巧妙的记忆法和中英双语例句，帮助你把它们牢牢刻进长期记忆里。让我们一起把难懂的历史用语变成你的超能力。
1. Chronology | 年代顺序
Chronology means putting events in the order they happened, from the earliest to the most recent. Think of it as building a timeline in your head. A simple memory trick is to break the word into ‘chrono’ (time) and ‘logy’ (study) – the study of time order. Practice by taking any three events from your current topic and arranging them from oldest to newest; saying the dates aloud reinforces the sequence.
年代顺序指的是按发生先后排列事件，从最早到最近。你可以把它想象成在脑海中绘制一条时间线。一个简单的记忆窍门是把单词拆成 ‘chrono’（时间）和 ‘logy’（学科）——研究时间顺序的学科。练习时从你正在学的主题中随便挑三个事件，按最古老到最新排列；大声念出日期能加深你对次序的印象。
2. Primary Source | 第一手史料
A primary source is a piece of evidence created at the time of the event, by someone who was there or lived through it. Diaries, photographs, letters, and artefacts are all primary sources. The memory link is ‘primary = present at the time’. Imagine a ‘primary school’ child drawing a picture of a battle while it happens – that picture is a primary source. Ask yourself: ‘Was this made during the event?’ If yes, it is primary.
第一手史料是在事件发生当时由亲历者或见证人所创造的证据。日记、照片、信件和文物都是第一手史料。记忆联想是 ‘primary = 在场（present）’。想象一个 ‘小学生’（primary school 孩子）在战斗进行时画下场景——那幅画就是第一手史料。问自己：’这是事件发生时制作的吗？’ 如果是，它就是第一手来源。
3. Secondary Source | 第二手史料
A secondary source is produced after the event, usually by someone who has studied primary sources. Textbooks, documentaries, and history essays are typical examples. Connect ‘secondary’ to ‘second-hand’ – it comes later, like a retelling of a story. When you write a paragraph about the Norman Conquest, you are creating a secondary source. A quick test: ‘Was this made after the event, using other evidence?’ If yes, it is secondary.
第二手史料是在事件之后才产生的，通常由研究过第一手史料的人完成。教科书、纪录片和历史论文都是典型例子。把 ‘secondary’ 与 ‘second-hand’（二手的）联系在一起——它来得更晚，就像对故事的转述。当你写一段关于诺曼征服的文章时，你就是在创造第二手史料。快速检验：’这是在事件之后，利用其他证据制作的吗？’ 如果是，就是第二手来源。
4. Evidence | 证据
Evidence is any information that helps us build a picture of the past. It can come from written records, objects, images, or even DNA. The root is ‘vid’ meaning ‘to see’ – evidence lets us ‘see’ what happened. Think of a detective collecting clues: every piece of historical evidence is a clue to solve the mystery of history. To remember it, link ‘E-V-I-D-E-N-C-E’ to ‘Every Valuable Item Deserves Examination, Notes, Careful Evaluation’.
证据是任何能帮助我们建立对过去认识的信息。它可以来自文字记录、实物、图像，甚至是 DNA。词根 ‘vid’ 表示’看见’——证据让我们’看见’发生过的事。想象侦探收集线索：每一份历史证据都是解开历史之谜的线索。要记住它，把字母 E-V-I-D-E-N-C-E 联想成 ‘Every Valuable Item Deserves Examination, Notes, Careful Evaluation’（每一件有价值的物品都值得检查、记录、仔细评估）。
5. Interpretation | 历史解释
An interpretation is the way someone understands and explains the past. Different historians can look at the same evidence and reach different conclusions. The word ‘interpret’ is like translating a language – historians translate evidence into stories. To lock it in, split it: ‘inter’ (between) + ‘pret’ (value) – weighing between different values of evidence. Always ask: ‘Why might another person see this differently?’
历史解释是人们对过去进行理解和说明的方式。不同的历史学家看着相同的证据，可能会得出不同的结论。’interpret’ 一词就像翻译语言——历史学家把证据翻译成故事。要记住它，可以拆分：’inter’（在……之间）+ ‘pret’（价值）——在不同证据价值之间权衡。永远要问：’为什么别人可能对此有不同的看法？’
6. Bias | 偏见
Bias is a leaning towards one side, which can make a source one-sided or unfair. It doesn’t always mean something is useless – recognising bias helps us evaluate reliability. Remember ‘B-I-A-S’ as ‘Beliefs Influence A Source’. Imagine a crown proclaiming the king’s greatness; that source is biased because it only shows one viewpoint. A detective’s question works here: ‘Whose voice is missing?’
偏见是指倾向于某一方，这可能让史料显得片面或不公正。这并不总意味着史料毫无价值——识别偏见反而能帮我们评估可靠性。把 B-I-A-S 记成 ‘Beliefs Influence A Source’（信仰影响史料）。想象一顶王冠宣示国王的伟大；那份史料带有偏见，因为它只呈现了一个视角。用侦探式提问：’少了谁的声音？’
7. Empire | 帝国
An empire is a group of countries or territories ruled by a single supreme authority, often an emperor or empress. The Roman Empire and the British Empire are key examples. Memory trick: ‘E-M-P-I-R-E’ – ‘Extremely Massive Power Invading, Ruling Everywhere’. Visualise a giant octopus with tentacles stretching across the globe; each tentacle is a colony or territory. Linking the word to ’emperor’ and ‘imperial’ can also strengthen recall.
帝国是由一个最高权力（通常是皇帝或女皇）统治的一组国家或领土。罗马帝国和大英帝国是重要的例子。记忆窍门： E-M-P-I-R-E —— ‘Extremely Massive Power Invading, Ruling Everywhere’（极其庞大的权力入侵、统治四方）。想象一只巨型章鱼，触手伸向全球；每一根触手就是一个殖民地或领土。把该词与 ‘皇帝’ 和 ‘帝国的’ 联系起来，也能强化记忆。
8. Monarch | 君主
A monarch is a sovereign head of state, such as a king, queen, or emperor. Monarchs inherit their position through birth, which is known as hereditary rule. The Greek roots ‘monos’ (alone) + ‘arkhein’ (to rule) reveal ‘one who rules alone’. Picture the royal crown: ‘one crown = one ruler’. A simple phrase to remember: ‘The monarch has a monopoly on ruling.’ In Year 7, you will meet many monarchs like William the Conqueror and Henry VIII.
君主是国家的最高元首，如国王、女王或皇帝。君主通过出生继承地位，这被称为世袭统治。希腊词根 ‘monos’（单独的）+ ‘arkhein’（统治）揭示了其含义：’独自统治的人’。想象王冠：’一顶王冠 = 一位统治者’。一句简单的记忆语：’君主拥有统治的垄断权。’在七年级，你会遇到许多君主，如征服者威廉和亨利八世。
9. Century | 世纪
A century is a period of 100 years. In History, we often label centuries by ordinal numbers – the 11th century means the years 1001–1100. Don’t mix up the number with the dates: the 16th century is the 1500s. The hack is ‘cent = 100’ (think of centipede, 100 legs; centimetre, 100th of a metre). Say to yourself: ‘The 16th century is the one that starts with fifteen – 1500s.’ Practice by converting your birth year into a century.
一个世纪是一百年的时间。历史学中我们常用序数词标注世纪——11世纪指的是1001年至1100年。别把世纪数字和年份搞混：16世纪就是16xx年（即1500年代）。诀窍是 ‘cent = 100’（想想蜈蚣 centipede 有 100 条腿；厘米 centimetre 是百分之一米）。告诉自己：’16世纪就是从 fifteen 开头的那一百年——1500年代。’试着把你的出生年份转换成世纪来练习。
10. Decade | 十年
A decade is a period of 10 years. Historians often talk about ‘the 1960s’ to group events that share a similar historical flavour. ‘Dec’ means ten – decimal, decathlon (10 events). An easy connection: ‘A decade is a ten-year block’. Visualise ten stacked coins, each coin representing one year. When revising, create a timeline and circle each decade to see how events cluster together.
十年是一段十年的时间。历史学家常谈论 ‘1960年代’，以此把具有相似历史韵味的事件归为一组。’Dec’ 意为十——十进制 decimal，十项全能 decathlon。一个简单的联结：’一个 decade 就是一个十年块’。想象十枚摞起来的硬币，每枚代表一年。复习时画一条时间线，把每一个十年圈起来，看看事件如何聚集在一起。
11. BC and AD (BCE and CE) | 公元前与公元（公元前与公元）
BC stands for ‘Before Christ’ and AD for ‘Anno Domini’ (in the year of our Lord). Modern usage often favours BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era) to maintain neutrality. BC/BCE years count backwards; the larger the number, the older it is. A mnemonic is: ‘Before Christ = Before Common Era, Both Count Backwards’. Draw a number line with zero as the birth of Jesus; everything left is BC, everything right is AD. The year 500 BC is further back than 200 BC.
BC 表示’基督诞生前’，AD 表示’Anno Domini’（主之年）。现代用法常采用 BCE（公元前）和 CE（公元）以保持中立。BC/BCE 年份往前倒数；数字越大，年代越古老。口诀是：’Before Christ = Before Common Era，都往回数。’画一条数轴，零点是耶稣诞生；左侧都是 BC，右侧都是 AD。公元前500年比公元前200年更早。
12. Continuity and Change | 延续与变迁
Continuity refers to things that stay the same over time, while change describes what alters. Historians look for both to measure progress, resistance, or transformation. Use the phrase ‘Some things change, some stay continuous’. Link ‘continuity’ to ‘continue’ – things that continue. To spot these in a topic, draw two columns: one with features that lasted, one with those that were replaced. For example, after the Norman Conquest, English language changed but the farming landscape showed continuity.
延续指随着时间推移保持不变的东西，而变迁则描述那些改变的事物。历史学家通过观察两者来衡量进步、阻力或转变。记住这句话：’有些东西变了，有些东西延续了下来。’把 continuity 跟 continue（继续）联系起来——延续下来的东西。学习某个话题时，画两栏：一栏列出保持下来的特征，一栏列出被替代的特征。比如，诺曼征服后，英语语言改变了，但农耕景观展现出延续性。
Published by TutorHao | History Revision Series | aleveler.com
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