Year 7 CAIE Biology: Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | Year 7 CAIE 生物：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 7 CAIE Biology: Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | Year 7 CAIE 生物：词汇术语速记指南

Welcome to this speed-memorisation guide for Year 7 CAIE Biology. Mastering scientific vocabulary is the first big step towards truly understanding how living things work. This article introduces you to essential biology terms, gives clear definitions, and shares powerful memory tricks so you can recall them quickly in class and in your assessments.

欢迎使用这份 Year 7 CAIE 生物词汇速记指南。掌握科学词汇是真正理解生命现象的第一步。本文为你整理了必备的生物术语，配以清晰的定义和强大的记忆技巧，帮助你在课堂和测评中快速提取这些词汇。

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1. MRS GREN: Seven Life Processes | MRS GREN：七大生命过程

The simplest way to memorise the seven characteristics of living organisms is the acronym MRS GREN. Each letter stands for one life process that all living things carry out. Recite “MRS GREN” every time you need to check if something is alive.

记忆所有生物共有的七大生命过程，最简单的办法就是记住缩略词 MRS GREN。每个字母代表一个生命过程，当你需要判断某个东西是否活着时，默念一遍 MRS GREN。

Movement – An organism’s ability to change its position or move parts of its body. Think of a gazelle sprinting across the savannah; even plants move slowly towards light.

运动 – 生物体改变位置或移动身体部分的能力。想象一只瞪羚在草原上冲刺；即使是植物也会缓慢地朝光运动。

Respiration – The chemical reaction inside cells that releases energy from glucose. Dont confuse it with breathing: respiration is about releasing energy, often using oxygen.

呼吸作用 – 细胞内从葡萄糖释放能量的化学反应。不要和“呼吸”混淆：呼吸作用是释放能量的过程，常常需要氧气。

Sensitivity – Detecting and responding to stimuli in the environment. A cat’s pupils shrink in bright light, and roots grow towards water. Tip: sensitive means quick to notice.

感应性 – 探测和响应环境中的刺激。强光下猫咪的瞳孔会缩小，根会朝着水生长。记忆窍门：sensitive 就是善于察觉。

Growth – A permanent increase in size and dry mass. Think of a seedling developing into a tall tree; it adds new cells and gets heavier over time.

生长 – 体型和干重的永久性增加。想象一株幼苗长成参天大树；它不断添加新细胞，干重持续增加。

Reproduction – Producing offspring to continue the species. Flowers make seeds, humans have babies. The phrase ‘produce again’ helps you remember re-production.

生殖 – 产生后代以延续物种。花结出种子，人孕育婴儿。记住“re-”是再次，“production”是产生，即再次产生同类。

Excretion – Removal of toxic waste products of metabolism, such as carbon dioxide and urea. Kidneys excrete urine. Do not confuse excretion with egestion (removing undigested food).

排泄 – 将新陈代谢产生的有毒废物排出体外，如二氧化碳和尿素。肾脏排出尿液。注意区分 excretion 和排遗（egestion，排出未消化的食物）。

Nutrition – Taking in materials for energy, growth and repair. Plants absorb minerals and make their own food; animals eat other organisms. Gut nutrition comes from ‘nutrire’, meaning to feed.

营养 – 摄取物质以获取能量、促进生长和修复。植物吸收矿物质并自制食物；动物则吃其他生物。单词 nutrition 来源于拉丁语“滋养”。

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2. Cells and Their Parts | 细胞及其部分

All organisms are made of cells. Learning the names and jobs of organelles will help you compare plant and animal cells effortlessly.

所有生物都由细胞构成。学好细胞器的名称和功能，你就能轻而易举地比较动植物细胞。

Nucleus – The control centre of the cell, containing DNA. Picture the nucleus as the principal’s office in a school: all decisions start there.

细胞核 – 细胞的控制中心，含有 DNA。把细胞核想象成学校的校长办公室：所有指令都从这里发出。

Cytoplasm – Jelly-like substance that fills the cell, where many chemical reactions occur. The word part ‘cyto-‘ means cell, and ‘plasm’ means something moulded or formed.

细胞质 – 充满细胞的胶状物质，很多化学反应在此发生。前缀 cyto- 表示细胞，plasm 表示形成的东西。

Cell membrane – A thin skin that surrounds the cell, controlling what enters and leaves. Remember: a membrane is like a security gate at a concert, only letting ticket holders pass.

细胞膜 – 包裹细胞的薄层，控制物质的进出。把膜想象成演唱会的安检门，只允许持票者通过。

Cell wall – A rigid outer layer found in plant cells, made of cellulose. It gives support and shape. Tug on celery strings – those fibres are cellulose!

细胞壁 – 植物细胞才有的坚硬外层，由纤维素构成。它提供支撑和固定形状。当你咬芹菜时感受到的纤维就是纤维素。

Chloroplast – Green disc-like organelles that contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis. ‘Chloro-‘ means green, ‘plast’ means a formed body. Only in plant cells and some algae.

叶绿体 – 含有叶绿素的绿色圆盘状细胞器，负责进行光合作用。前缀 chloro- 表示绿色，plast 表示成形的结构。仅存在于植物细胞和某些藻类中。

Vacuole – A large, fluid-filled sac in the centre of many plant cells that stores water, nutrients and waste. Think of it as a water balloon keeping the cell firm.

液泡 – 许多植物细胞中央充满液体的大囊泡，储存水分、营养物质和废物。可以把它想象成一个水气球，维持细胞的坚挺。

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3. Plant-Specific Vocabulary | 植物特有词汇

Plants have specialised structures and processes that allow them to make their own food and survive on land. These terms appear again and again in biology.

植物拥有特殊的结构和过程，能够自制食物并在陆地上生存。这些术语会在生物课中反复出现。

Photosynthesis – The process where plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Break it down: ‘photo’ means light, ‘synthesis’ means putting together. Light + putting together = building food using light.

光合作用 – 植物利用阳光、二氧化碳和水制造葡萄糖并释放氧气的过程。拆开来看：photo 表示光，synthesis 表示合成，即用光来合成食物。

Chlorophyll – A green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy. The name combines ‘chloro’ (green) and ‘phyll’ (leaf). Without chlorophyll, leaves would look pale.

叶绿素 – 叶绿体中的绿色色素，能吸收光能。结合了 chloro（绿）和 phyll（叶）。若没有叶绿素，叶片会显得苍白。

Xylem – Tubes made of dead cells that transport water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves. Think of xylem as one-way straws pulling water upwards; remember ‘x’ for ‘x-tra strong’ tubes.

木质部 – 由死细胞构成的管子，将水和矿物质从根部输送到叶片。可以将木质部想象成向上抽水的单向吸管；记住 x 像交叉的强韧管道。

Phloem – Living tubes that carry glucose (food) from leaves to the rest of the plant. The word sounds like ‘flowm’ – the food flows through it.

韧皮部 – 活细胞构成的管子，将葡萄糖从叶片输送到植物其他部分。发音像 flow-um，食物在其中流动。

Stomata – Tiny pores on the underside of leaves that allow gases to enter and exit. Each pore is flanked by guard cells. Sing ‘stomata’ like ‘stoma-ta’ and picture a little mouth opening.

气孔 – 叶片下表皮的小孔，允许气体进出。每个气孔由两个保卫细胞包围。可以把 stomata 想象成叶片上的小嘴巴。

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4. The Human Body’s Major Organs | 人体的主要器官

Year 7 biology introduces the main organs involved in breathing, circulation, digestion and coordination. Pairing the name with a simple function and a location trick will lock them in your memory.

Year 7 生物课会介绍呼吸、循环、消化和协调系统中的主要器官。把器官名称和功能及位置巧记结合起来，就能牢牢记住。

Heart – A muscular pump that pushes blood around the body. Place your fist on your chest: your heart is about that size. Repeat “heart – pump – lub-dub” to memorise its role.

心脏 – 一个肌肉泵，将血液推送到全身。把你的拳头放在胸口：心脏差不多就是这个大小。重复“心脏 – 泵 – 咚咚”来记它的作用。

Lungs – Spongy organs where gas exchange takes place. Oxygen enters the blood, carbon dioxide is removed. Visualise two pink balloons inflating and deflating.

肺 – 进行气体交换的海绵状器官。氧气进入血液，二氧化碳被排出。想象两个粉红色的气球在膨胀和收缩。

Stomach – A muscular bag that churns food and mixes it with acid and enzymes. The word contains ‘stom’ like ‘stomata’ but here it is a digesting chamber. Pat your belly to remember.

胃 – 一个肌肉袋，搅拌食物并将其与胃酸和酶混合。单词里有 stom，和气孔有点像，但这里是消化腔。拍拍肚子点个赞吧。

Liver – A large organ that makes bile, processes digested food and detoxifies chemicals. Memory hook: the liver is a ‘live-er’, filtering to keep you alive.

肝脏 – 一个分泌胆汁、处理消化后的营养并分解毒素的大型器官。记忆钩子：liver 像是 live-r，让你活着。

Kidneys – Two bean-shaped organs that filter blood and produce urine. Think of kidneys as the body’s water filters. The shape reminds you of a kidney bean.

肾脏 – 两个豆形的器官，过滤血液并生成尿液。将肾脏当作身体的净水器。其形状就像腰豆。

Brain – The control centre of the nervous system. It receives and sends messages. Say “brain – command centre – electricity” to link the ideas.

脑 – 神经系统的控制中心。它接收并发送信息。说“脑 – 指挥中心 – 电信号”来建立联系。

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5. Reproduction Basics | 生殖基础

Reproduction is how organisms produce offspring. Knowing the correct terms for sex cells and early development is crucial for understanding life cycles.

生殖是生物体产生后代的方式。掌握与性细胞和早期发育相关的正确术语对理解生命周期至关重要。

Gamete – A sex cell, either sperm (male) or egg (female). Memory phrase: “Gametes go on a date to meet.” They contain half the normal number of chromosomes.

配子 – 性细胞，精子（雄性）或卵子（雌性）。记忆短语：配子去约会（gametes go on a date）。它们含有正常染色体数的一半。

Sperm – The male gamete, usually small and able to swim. Think of a tiny tadpole with a tail. The name sounds like ‘germ’ but is specifically a male sex cell.

精子 – 雄配子，通常很小且能游动。想象一只带尾巴的小蝌蚪。名字听起来像 germ（微生物），但这里特指雄性性细胞。

Egg – The female gamete, larger than sperm and stores food reserves. A chicken egg is a giant version, but human eggs are microscopic. Remember ‘egg’ as the seed that starts new life.

卵子 – 雌配子，比精子大，储存营养物质。鸡蛋是个巨型版本，但人类卵子是微观的。记住卵子是开启新生命的种子。

Fertilisation – The fusion of a sperm nucleus with an egg nucleus to form a new cell. Picture two jigsaw pieces clicking together. Fertilisation is ‘fertile’ + ‘isation’ – making something fertile.

受精 – 精子核与卵子核融合形成新细胞的过程。想象两片拼图咔嗒拼在一起。fertilisation 就是 fertile（肥沃的）+ isation，使具有生殖力。

Zygote – The single cell produced after fertilisation. This cell divides repeatedly to become an embryo. Say “zygote goes to grow”. The ‘zyg’ comes from Greek for ‘yoked’ or joined.

合子 – 受精后产生的单一细胞。它反复分裂最终形成胚胎。谐音记忆：zygote 要 grow。词根 zyg 意为“轭”或“结合”。

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6. Ecology Essentials | 生态基础

Ecology examines how organisms interact with each other and their surroundings. These keywords will help you describe habitats, feeding relationships and energy flow.

生态学研究生物如何彼此作用并与环境互动。下列关键词会帮你清楚描述栖息地、摄食关系和能量流动。

Habitat – The place where an organism lives. A pond is a frog’s habitat; a rotting log is a beetle’s habitat. The word ‘habit’ reminds us it is where an organism normally hangs out.

栖息地 – 生物居住的地方。池塘是青蛙的栖息地，腐烂的木头是甲虫的栖息地。habit 这个词提醒我们这是生物惯常出没之处。

Ecosystem – The interaction of a community of living organisms with the non-living parts of their environment. A forest ecosystem includes trees, animals, soil, sunlight and rain. Think ‘eco-system’ – an ecological system.

生态系统 – 生物群落与非生物环境相互作用的整体。一片森林生态系统包括树木、动物、土壤、阳光和雨水。可以理解为“生态+系统”。

Producer – An organism that makes its own food, such as green plants. Producers start every food chain. Memory trick: your favourite film director ‘produced’ the movie; plants produce their own food.

生产者 – 能自己制造食物的生物，如绿色植物。生产者是每条食物链的起点。记忆窍门：导演 produce 一部电影，植物 produce 自己的食物。

Consumer – An organism that eats other organisms for energy. Animals are consumers; some eat plants, others eat meat. A customer in a shop is called a consumer because they use up goods – animals ‘use up’ plants and prey.

消费者 – 通过吃其他生物获取能量的生物。动物都是消费者，有的吃植物，有的吃肉。商店的顾客也叫 consumer，因为他们消耗商品——动物则消耗植物或猎物。

Decomposer – Organisms like fungi and bacteria that break down dead material, returning nutrients to the soil. ‘De-‘ means down or apart, ‘compose’ means build – decomposers break things down.

分解者 – 如真菌和细菌等生物，能分解死物质，使养分回归土壤。前缀 de- 表示向下或分离，compose 表示组合——分解者就是把东西拆散。

Food chain – A diagram showing what eats what, starting with a producer. Example: grass → rabbit → fox. The arrows show the direction of energy transfer.

食物链 – 展示谁吃谁的图，从生产者开始。例如：草 → 兔 → 狐。箭头指示能量传递的方向。

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7. Classification Clues | 分类线索

Biologists sort living things into groups to make them easier to study. Year 7 introduces the five kingdom system and vertebrate classes. These terms form your sorting tool kit.

生物学家将生物划分成不同类群以便研究。Year 7 引入了五界系统和脊椎动物分类，这些术语构成了你的分类工具箱。

Vertebrate – An animal with a backbone. Think of ‘vertebrae’ – the bones that make up your spine. Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish are all vertebrates.

脊椎动物 – 有脊柱的动物。想想 vertebrae（椎骨）——构成你脊柱的骨头。哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物、两栖动物和鱼类都是脊椎动物。

Invertebrate – An animal without a backbone. This group includes insects, spiders, snails and worms. Over 95% of all animal species are invertebrates. In-vertebrate simply means ‘not vertered’.

无脊椎动物 – 没有脊柱的动物。这一类包括昆虫、蜘蛛、蜗牛和蠕虫。超过95%的动物种类都是无脊椎动物。in- 表示没有，vertebrate 是脊椎，所以就是没有脊椎的。

Mammal – Warm-blooded vertebrates that have hair or fur and produce milk for their young. The word comes from ‘mamma’ meaning breast. Picture a furry cow feeding its calf.

哺乳动物 – 温血脊椎动物，具有毛发，用乳汁哺育后代。单词来源于 mamma（乳房）。想象一头毛茸茸的母牛在喂养小牛。

Reptile – Cold-blooded vertebrates with dry, scaly skin, such as snakes and lizards. Recall ‘reptile’ sounds like ‘crawl’ – many reptiles creep close to the ground.

爬行动物 – 冷血脊椎动物，皮肤干燥有鳞，如蛇和蜥蜴。reptile 听起来像 crawl（爬行），很多爬行动物贴着地面爬行。

Amphibian – Cold-blooded vertebrates that live both in water and on land, like frogs. ‘Amphi’ means both, ‘bios’ means life – double life. They have smooth, moist skin.

两栖动物 – 冷血脊椎动物，既能生活在水中也能生活于陆地，如青蛙。前缀 amphi- 表示两者，bios 表示生命——双重生活。它们皮肤光滑湿润。

Bird – Warm-blooded vertebrates with feathers, beaks and lay hard-shelled eggs. Their front limbs are wings. The word ‘bird’ has been around for centuries; picture a robin on a branch.

鸟类 – 温血脊椎动物，有羽毛和喙，产硬壳蛋。前肢为翼。看到一只知更鸟站在枝头，立刻联想到 bird。

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8. Word Roots and Fun Associations | 词根与趣味联想

Many biology terms share Greek or Latin roots. Learning a small set of word parts unlocks the meaning of hundreds of words. This final section turns you into a vocabulary detective.

很多生物术语拥有共同的希腊或拉丁词根。学会少量词素，就能破解成百上千个单词的含义。最后一节将把你变成词汇侦探。

Photo- (light) → photosynthesis, phototropism, photon. Whenever you see ‘photo’, think of light. A photograph is made with light, and photosynthesis is building with light.

Photo-（光）→ 光合作用、向光性、光子。看到 photo 就联想到光。照片（photograph）是用光制作的，光合作用是用光来建造。

Chloro- (green) → chlorophyll, chloroplast. Link ‘chloro’ with the green of chlorinated pool water (though chemically different, the colour association helps!).

Chloro-（绿）→ 叶绿素、叶绿体。把 chloro 和游泳池里淡绿色的氯化水联系起来（尽管化学不同，但颜色联想很有用！）。

-phyll (leaf) → chlorophyll, phyllode. Think of a green leaf to memorise this suffix. Chlorophyll literally means ‘green leaf compound’.

-phyll（叶）→ 叶绿素、叶状柄。想象一片绿叶来记住这个后缀。叶绿素字面意思就是“绿叶物质”。

Cyto- (cell) → cytoplasm, cytology. Saying ‘cyto-‘ like ‘sight-o’ reminds you we use microscopes to ‘sight’ cells.

Cyto-（细胞）→ 细胞质、细胞学。把 cyto- 读得像 sight-o，提醒你用显微镜才能 sight（看见）细胞。

-vore (eater) → herbivore (plant eater), carnivore (meat eater), omnivore (eats everything). ‘Vor’ sounds like ‘devour’ – to eat hungrily. An omnivore devours both plants and meat.

-vore（食者）→ 食草动物、食肉动物、杂食动物。vor 听起来像 devour（狼吞虎咽）。杂食动物就是什么都吃。

Haemo- (blood) → haemoglobin, haemorrhage. The red pigment in blood contains ‘haem’, so remember ‘haemo’ is about blood. It is pronounced ‘hee-mo’.

Haemo-（血）→ 血红蛋白、大出血。血液中的红色素含有 haem，所以记住 haemo- 与血有关。读作 hee-mo。

Derm- (skin) → epidermis, dermatology. Your epidermis is the outer layer of skin. The word sounds like ‘derma’, which reminds you of a dermatologist (skin doctor).

Derm-（皮肤）→ 表皮、皮肤学。表皮（epidermis）是最外层皮肤。听起来像皮肤科医生（dermatologist）。

By connecting these roots, even unfamiliar terms become friendly. For instance, ‘photolysis’ means splitting by light – and you already know ‘photo’.

通过联系这些词根，即使不熟悉的术语也变得亲切。比如 photolysis 就是用光分解——而你已经认识 photo。

Published by TutorHao | Biology Revision Series | aleveler.com

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