Year 7 CAIE French: Quick-Reference Handbook of Essential Rules and Conjugations | 七年级 CAIE 法语:核心规则与变位速查手册

📚 Year 7 CAIE French: Quick-Reference Handbook of Essential Rules and Conjugations | 七年级 CAIE 法语:核心规则与变位速查手册

Welcome to your handy quick-reference guide for Year 7 CAIE French. This handbook gathers all the essential grammar rules, verb tables and key patterns you need to master at this stage. Keep it nearby when you are completing homework, revising for tests or just brushing up on the basics. From subject pronouns to possessive adjectives, every topic is presented clearly with examples so you can find the right form in seconds.

欢迎使用这本七年级 CAIE 法语的速查手册。本手册汇集了现阶段必须掌握的所有核心语法规则、动词变位表和关键句型。无论是完成作业、准备测验还是巩固基础,你都可以随时翻阅。从主语人称代词到主有形容词,每个主题都配有清晰的说明和例句,帮助你迅速查找到正确的形式。


1. Subject Pronouns (Les pronoms personnels sujets) | 主语人称代词

Subject pronouns tell you who is doing the action. In French they are used before a conjugated verb, just like in English, but they must match the verb ending. You must learn them by heart because every verb form depends on them.

主语代词表示动作的执行者。法语中它们位于变位动词之前,和英语相似,但必须与动词词尾相配合。你需要牢记这些代词,因为每一个动词的形式都取决于它们。

je – I (first person singular)

je – 我(第一人称单数)

tu – you (informal singular, used with friends and family)

tu – 你(非正式单数,用于朋友和家人之间)

il – he / it (masculine singular)

il – 他 / 它(阳性单数)

elle – she / it (feminine singular)

elle – 她 / 它(阴性单数)

on – one / we (informal) / people in general

on – 人们 / 我们(非正式) / 泛指某人

nous – we (first person plural)

nous – 我们(第一人称复数)

vous – you (formal singular, or plural ‘you all’)

vous – 您 / 你们(正式单数,或复数“你们”)

ils – they (masculine plural, or mixed group)

ils – 他们 / 它们(阳性复数,或男女混合群体)

elles – they (feminine plural only)

elles – 她们 / 它们(仅阴性复数)

Remember: on is extremely common in spoken French and often replaces nous in casual conversation.

记住:on 在法语口语中非常常见,经常在非正式对话中代替 nous


2. The Verb Être (To be) | 动词 être(是)

The verb être is one of the most important verbs in French. It is irregular, meaning its forms do not follow a simple pattern. You will use it to introduce yourself, describe people and things, and in many other set phrases.

动词 être 是法语中最重要的动词之一。它是不规则动词,其变位形式没有简单的规律。你将用它来介绍自己、描述人物和事物,并出现在许多固定表达中。

Subject Conjugation English
je suis I am
tu es you are (informal)
il/elle/on est he/she/one is
nous sommes we are
vous êtes you are (formal/plural)
ils/elles sont they are

Example: Je suis français. (I am French.)

例句:Je suis français.(我是法国人。)

Example: Elles sont contentes. (They are happy, referring to a group of girls.)

例句:Elles sont contentes.(她们很开心。)

Use être with adjectives, nationality, profession and location: Nous sommes à Paris.

être 与形容词、国籍、职业和地点连用:Nous sommes à Paris.(我们在巴黎。)


3. The Verb Avoir (To have) | 动词 avoir(有)

Avoir means ‘to have’ and is equally essential. It is used for possession, age, physical sensations and as an auxiliary in the passé composé, though at Year 7 you only need the present tense for the core meanings.

avoir 表示“有”,同样必不可少。它用来表达拥有、年龄、身体感觉,并在复合过去时中充当助动词,但在七年级你只需要掌握现在时的核心用法。

Subject Conjugation English
j’ ai I have
tu as you have (informal)
il/elle/on a he/she/one has
nous avons we have
vous avez you have (formal/plural)
ils/elles ont they have

Note that je becomes j’ before a vowel or silent h: j’ai, not je ai.

注意:je 在元音或哑音 h 前变为 j’j’ai,而不是 je ai

For age, French uses ‘avoir’ + number + ans: J’ai douze ans. (I am twelve years old.) Literally: I have twelve years.

表达年龄时,法语用“avoir + 数字 + ans”:J’ai douze ans.(我十二岁。)直译是“我有十二岁”。

Common expressions with avoir: avoir chaud (to be hot), avoir froid (to be cold), avoir faim (to be hungry), avoir soif (to be thirsty).

avoir 连用的常见表达:avoir chaud(觉得热),avoir froid(觉得冷),avoir faim(饿了),avoir soif(渴了)。


4. Regular -er Verbs | 规则 -er 动词变位

The largest family of French verbs ends in -er in the infinitive, such as parler (to speak), aimer (to like/love), habiter (to live) and jouer (to play). Once you learn the pattern, you can conjugate hundreds of verbs.

法语中最大的动词家族以 -er 结尾,如 parler(说话)、aimer(喜欢/爱)、habiter(居住)和 jouer(玩耍)。一旦你掌握了这个规律,就能变位数百个动词。

Formation rule: remove the -er from the infinitive to get the stem, then add the following endings:

构成规则:去掉不定式中的 -er 得到词干,然后加上以下词尾:

Subject Ending Parler (stem: parl-)
je -e je parle
tu -es tu parles
il/elle/on -e il/elle/on parle
nous -ons nous parlons
vous -ez vous parlez
ils/elles -ent ils/elles parlent

Note that the -ent ending for ils/elles is silent; you pronounce the stem only.

注意 ils/elles 的 -ent 词尾不发音,只发词干的音。

Example: Tu habites à Londres. (You live in London.)

例句:Tu habites à Londres.(你住在伦敦。)

Example: Nous aimons le chocolat. (We like chocolate.)

例句:Nous aimons le chocolat.(我们喜欢巧克力。)

Some -er verbs have minor spelling changes for pronunciation reasons, e.g. manger (to eat) → nous mangeons (we eat). Keep an eye out for these as you progress.

一些 -er 动词因发音原因有微小的拼写变化,例如 manger(吃)→ nous mangeons(我们吃)。随着学习的深入,你会见到更多此类情况。


5. The Verbs Aller and Faire | 动词 aller 和 faire

Aller (to go) and faire (to do / to make) are two common irregular verbs you will meet early in Year 7. They do not follow the -er pattern, so you must memorise their forms.

aller(去)和 faire(做/制作)是你在七年级早期就会遇到的两个常见不规则动词。它们不遵循 -er 动词的变化模式,因此必须熟记其形式。

Aller conjugation:

aller 变位:

je vais I go / I am going 我去 / 我正去
tu vas you go (informal) 你去
il/elle/on va he/she/one goes 他/她/人们去
nous allons we go 我们去
vous allez you go (formal/plural) 您/你们去
ils/elles vont they go 他们/她们去

Example: Je vais au cinéma. (I am going to the cinema.)

例句:Je vais au cinéma.(我去电影院。)

Faire conjugation:

faire 变位:

je fais I do / I make 我做
tu fais you do (informal) 你做
il/elle/on fait he/she/one does 他/她/人们做
nous faisons we do 我们做
vous faites you do (formal/plural) 您/你们做
ils/elles font they do 他们/她们做

Example: Elle fait ses devoirs. (She does her homework.)

例句:Elle fait ses devoirs.(她做作业。)

Faire is also used in many weather expressions: Il fait beau. (The weather is fine.)

faire 也用于许多天气表达:Il fait beau.(天气好。)


6. Definite and Indefinite Articles | 定冠词与不定冠词

French nouns are almost always introduced by an article, which must agree in gender and number with the noun. The definite articles (le, la, l’, les) refer to specific things, while the indefinite articles (un, une, des) refer to non-specific things.

法语名词前几乎总是带有冠词,冠词必须在性和数上与名词保持一致。定冠词(le, la, l’, les)指特定的事物,而不定冠词(un, une, des)指不特定的事物。

Definite articles: le (masculine singular), la (feminine singular), l’ (before a vowel or silent h, singular), les (plural for both genders).

定冠词:le(阳性单数),la(阴性单数),l’(在元音或哑音 h 前,单数),les(阴阳性通用复数)。

Example: le livre (the book), la table (the table), l’école (the school), les enfants (the children).

例如:le livre(那本书),la table(那张桌子),l’école(那所学校),les enfants(那些孩子们)。

Indefinite articles: un (masculine singular), une (feminine singular), des (plural for both genders, often translated as ‘some’).

不定冠词:un(阳性单数),une(阴性单数),des(阴阳性通用复数,常译为“一些”)。

Example: un stylo (a pen), une gomme (a rubber), des crayons (some pencils).

例如:un stylo(一支笔),une gomme(一块橡皮),des crayons(一些铅笔)。

Remember that articles are often used where English would skip them: J’aime les chiens. (I like dogs, in general).

记住,法语中冠词常常用在英语可以省略冠词的地方:J’aime les chiens.(我喜欢狗,泛指)。


Published by TutorHao | Year 7 法语 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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