📚 Year 7 CAIE Philosophy: A Quick Guide to Memorising Key Terms | Year 7 CAIE 哲学：词汇术语速记指南
Philosophy can feel like a maze of unfamiliar words, but mastering the key terms is the first step to thinking clearly and scoring well in your CAIE Year 7 exams. This guide breaks down essential philosophical vocabulary into bite-sized explanations, each paired with memory tricks to help you recall them instantly. Whether you are exploring arguments, ethics, or the nature of reality, these terms will become your toolkit for success.
哲学可能像一座充满陌生词汇的迷宫，但掌握核心术语是清晰思考并在 CAIE Year 7 考试中取得好成绩的第一步。本指南将哲学术语分解为大小合适的解释，每个都配有记忆技巧，帮助你即时回忆。无论你正在探索论证、伦理学还是实在的本质，这些术语都将成为你成功的工具箱。
1. Philosophy | 哲学
The word ‘philosophy’ comes from the Greek words ‘philo’ (love) and ‘sophia’ (wisdom), so it literally means ‘the love of wisdom’. A philosopher is someone who asks deep questions about life, existence, knowledge, and values, seeking answers through reason rather than just accepting things as they appear.
“哲学”一词源自希腊语”philo”（爱）和”sophia”（智慧），因此字面意思是”爱智慧”。哲学家是那些对生命、存在、知识和价值提出深刻问题的人，他们通过理性寻求答案，而不仅仅接受事物的表面现象。
Memory tip: Picture a heart (love) wrapped around an owl (symbol of wisdom). Whenever you see the word philosophy, imagine that love for wisdom. Think ‘philo-sophia’, love-wisdom.
记忆提示：想象一颗心（爱）包裹着一只猫头鹰（智慧的象征）。每当你看到”哲学”这个词，就想象对智慧的热爱。记住”philo-sophia，爱-智慧”。
2. Argument | 论证
In philosophy, an argument is not a fight or quarrel. It is a set of statements where some statements (premises) are offered as reasons to support another statement (the conclusion). For example: ‘All humans are mortal. Socrates is a human. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.’ is a classic argument.
在哲学中，论证不是争吵或争执。它是一组陈述，其中一些陈述（前提）被提供作为支持另一个陈述（结论）的理由。例如：”所有人都会死。苏格拉底是人。所以，苏格拉底会死。”这是一个经典论证。
Memory tip: Think of an argument as a ‘reason bridge’. The premises are the pillars on one side, and the conclusion is the pillar on the other side, linked by logical planks. Without strong premises, the bridge collapses. Visualise a sturdy bridge made of reasons.
记忆提示：把论证看作是”理由之桥”。前提是一侧的桥墩，结论是另一侧的桥墩，中间由逻辑木板连接。没有强有力的前提，桥就会坍塌。在脑海中画出由理由构成的坚固桥梁。
3. Premise and Conclusion | 前提与结论
A premise is a statement that provides support or evidence for a conclusion. The conclusion is the statement that the argument is trying to prove. In the Socrates example, ‘All humans are mortal’ and ‘Socrates is a human’ are premises; ‘Socrates is mortal’ is the conclusion. Every sound argument rests on reliable premises.
前提是为结论提供支持或证据的陈述。结论是论证试图证明的陈述。在苏格拉底的例子中，”所有人都会死”和”苏格拉底是人”是前提；”苏格拉底会死”是结论。每一个可靠的论证都建立在可信的前提之上。
Memory tip: Use ‘P for Promise’ – a premise promises to back up the conclusion. And ‘C for Crown’ – the conclusion is the crowning statement of the argument. Recall: premise promises, conclusion crowns.
记忆提示：用”P 代表 Promise（承诺）”——前提承诺支持结论。而”C 代表 Crown（王冠）”——结论是论证中最重要的陈述。记住：前提承诺，结论冠冕。
Here is a quick reference table to lock in the terms:
这里有一个快速参考表用以巩固术语：
| Term | 术语 | Memory Trick / 记忆法 |
| Premise | 前提 | Promise – 承诺支持 |
| Conclusion | 结论 | Crown – 王冠，顶点 |
4. Logic and Reasoning | 逻辑与推理
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It helps us distinguish good arguments from bad ones by examining the structure of reasoning. Reasoning itself is the process of drawing conclusions from premises using logical rules. When you say ‘That makes sense’, you are using logic.
逻辑是研究正确推理的学科。它通过检查推理的结构，帮助我们区分好的论证和坏的论证。推理本身是运用逻辑规则从前提得出结论的过程。当你说”这有道理”时，你就在运用逻辑。
Memory tip: ‘Logic locks the links.’ Imagine each step of reasoning as a chain link. If the logic is sound, the chain holds; if faulty, it breaks. Look for the lock that keeps the reasoning chain tight.
记忆提示：”逻辑锁住环节。”将推理的每一步想象成链条的环节。如果逻辑合理，链条就牢固；如果有缺陷，就会断裂。找到锁住推理链条的那把锁。
5. Fallacy | 谬误
A fallacy is a mistake in reasoning that makes an argument invalid or unsound. Common fallacies include attacking the person instead of the argument (ad hominem) or assuming that what is popular must be true (bandwagon fallacy). Being able to spot fallacies is a superpower in philosophy and everyday life.
谬误是推理中的错误，它使论证无效或不可靠。常见的谬误包括攻击人而不是论证本身（人身攻击），或者认为流行的就是正确的（从众谬误）。能够识别谬误是哲学和日常生活中的一种超能力。
Memory tip: Think of ‘fallacy’ as ‘false logic’. Remember the phrase ‘fallacy is a fall in logic’. Picture someone tripping over a faulty step in an argument. When you hear a bad argument, imagine a big ‘F’ for fallacy flashing.
记忆提示：把”fallacy”想成”false logic”（虚假逻辑）。记住短语”谬误是逻辑中的跌倒”。想象有人在论证的某个错误台阶上绊倒。当你听到一个糟糕的论证，就想象一个大大的”F”（谬误）在闪烁。
6. Ethics and Morality | 伦理与道德
Ethics, also called moral philosophy, is the branch of philosophy that studies what is right and wrong, good and bad. ‘Morality’ often refers to the set of principles or rules that guide our behaviour, while ethics is the systematic thinking about those principles. For example, ‘Is it ever right to lie?’ is an ethical question.
伦理学，又称道德哲学，是研究对与错、善与恶的哲学分支。”道德”通常指指导我们行为的一套原则或规则，而伦理学是对这些原则的系统思考。例如，”撒谎是否可能是对的？”就是一个伦理问题。
Memory tip: Picture a scale weighing ‘E’ for ethics on one side and ‘M’ for morality on the other. Ethics weighs reasons; morality is the weight of rules. Both aim for balance. Also, link ‘ethics’ to ‘ethos’ (character) – your ethical character is who you are when no one is watching.
记忆提示：想象一个天平，一边是代表伦理的”E”，另一边是代表道德的”M”。伦理权衡理由；道德是规则的重量。两者都追求平衡。另外，将”ethics”与”ethos”（品格）联系起来——你的伦理品格是无人注视时你的本色。
7. Knowledge vs. Belief | 知识与信念
In philosophy, knowledge is often defined as ‘justified true belief’. That means you not only believe something, but it is true and you have good reasons (justification) for
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 哲学 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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