Year 7 CAIE Spanish: Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | 西班牙语词汇速记指南

📚 Year 7 CAIE Spanish: Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | 西班牙语词汇速记指南

In Year 7 CAIE Spanish, building a solid vocabulary foundation is essential for confident communication. This guide presents key word groups with simple memorisation strategies, helping you recall terms faster and use them naturally in both speaking and writing tasks.

在 Year 7 CAIE 西班牙语课程中，建立扎实的词汇基础是自信交流的关键。本指南为你呈现重点词群，并配以简单的记忆策略，帮助你更快回忆单词，在口语和写作任务中自然地使用它们。

1. Numbers and Counting | 数字与计数

Spanish numbers from 0 to 15 form the basis for dates, time, and quantities. Notice the quick pattern shifts after 15, where ‘diez’ and ‘seis’ combine into ‘dieciséis’.

西班牙语中 0 到 15 的数字是日期、时间和数量的基础。留意 15 之后模式的快速变化，’diez’ 与 ‘seis’ 组合成 ‘dieciséis’。

Try chanting 0–10 in a rhythmic way: cero, uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez. Connect ‘once’ (11) with the English word ‘ounce’ to remember the sound.

可以尝试有节奏地吟唱 0–10：cero, uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez。把 ‘once’ (11) 与英文单词 ‘ounce’ 的发音联系起来，帮助记忆。

For 20–30, remember the pattern veinti + number: veintiuno (21), veintidós (22). The stress falls on the last syllable, making them distinct from standard compound words.

对于 20 到 30，记住 veinti + 数字的模式：veintiuno (21), veintidós (22)。重音落在最后一个音节上，这让它们与普通复合词有所不同。

cero (0), uno (1), dos (2), tres (3), cuatro (4), cinco (5), seis (6), siete (7), ocho (8), nueve (9), diez (10)
once (11), doce (12), trece (13), catorce (14), quince (15)
dieciséis (16), diecisiete (17), dieciocho (18), diecinueve (19)
veinte (20), veintiuno (21), veintidós (22), treinta (30)

2. Colours and Descriptions | 颜色与描述

Colour words in Spanish must agree in gender and number with the noun. ‘Rojo’ becomes ‘roja’ for feminine nouns, and adds -s for plurals: ‘rojos’, ‘rojas’.

西班牙语的颜色词必须与名词保持性和数的一致。’rojo’ 在阴性名词前变为 ‘roja’，复数形式加 -s：’rojos’, ‘rojas’。

Group colours by endings: those ending in -o (blanco, negro, rojo) change for gender, while those ending in -e or consonant (verde, azul, marrón) mainly change only for number.

按词尾将颜色分组：以 -o 结尾的颜色 (blanco, negro, rojo) 需要根据性别变化，而以 -e 或辅音结尾的颜色 (verde, azul, marrón) 通常仅随数变化。

Create visual flashcards with a colour patch and two forms: ‘rojo’ on one side, ‘roja’ on the reverse. Say ‘un coche rojo’ and ‘una casa roja’ out loud to lock in the pattern.

制作带色块的双面抽认卡：一面写 ‘rojo’，另一面写 ‘roja’。大声说出 ‘un coche rojo’ 和 ‘una casa roja’，以固化这个模式。

Masculine Singular	Feminine Singular	Masculine Plural	Feminine Plural
rojo	roja	rojos	rojas
blanco	blanca	blancos	blancas
negro	negra	negros	negras
verde	verde	verdes	verdes

3. Family and People | 家庭与人物

Family member terms often come in gender pairs: hermano / hermana, abuelo / abuela. The definite article ‘el’ or ‘la’ can help you memorise the noun’s gender right from the start.

家庭成员词常以性别成对出现：hermano / hermana, abuelo / abuela。从一开始就用定冠词 ‘el’ 或 ‘la’ 可以帮助你记住名词的性。

The word ‘padres’ can mean parents or fathers, depending on context. To say ‘my parents’, use ‘mis padres’; ‘mis padres’ is always plural, and the possessive agrees in number.

‘padres’ 一词根据上下文可指父母或父亲们。要表达 ‘我的父母’，用 ‘mis padres’；’mis padres’ 总是复数，物主形容词在数上保持一致。

Link ‘hermano’ with ‘brother’ by imagining a ‘her-man’ who is your brother. For ‘tío’ and ‘tía’, notice the accent on ‘tío’ marks the stress and differentiates it from ‘tio’ which does not exist.

通过想象 ‘her-man’ 这个画面将 ‘hermano’ 与 ‘brother’ 联系起来。对于 ‘tío’ 和 ‘tía’，注意 ‘tío’ 上的重音符号标志着重读，并将其与不存在的 ‘tio’ 区分开。

el padre (father), la madre (mother)
el hermano (brother), la hermana (sister)
el abuelo (grandfather), la abuela (grandmother)
el tío (uncle), la tía (aunt)
el primo (cousin, male), la prima (cousin, female)
el hijo (son), la hija (daughter)

4. School and Classroom Objects | 学校与教室物品

Classroom vocabulary is highly practical. Notice how many school items are masculine: el libro, el bolígrafo, el cuaderno. Memorising the article together with the noun prevents later gender errors.

教室词汇非常实用。注意许多学习用品是阳性名词：el libro, el bolígrafo, el cuaderno。将冠词与名词一起记忆可以避免日后犯性数错误。

Words like ‘el lápiz’ (pencil) have a plural form ‘los lápices’. The -z changes to -c and adds -es, a pattern also seen in ‘la luz’ → ‘las luces’.

像 ‘el lápiz’ (铅笔) 这样的词复数形式是 ‘los lápices’。-z 变为 -c 再加 -es，这种模式在 ‘la luz’ → ‘las luces’ 中也可见到。

Place labels on real objects at home: stick a note saying ‘la mesa’ on the table, ‘la silla’ on the chair. Saying the word each time you use the object reinforces recall through physical context.

在家里真实物品上贴上标签：在桌子上贴 ‘la mesa’，在椅子上贴 ‘la silla’。每次使用该物品时说出单词，通过物理情境加强记忆。

el estuche (pencil case), la mochila (backpack)
el libro (book), el cuaderno (exercise book)
el bolígrafo (pen), el lápiz (pencil)
la goma (eraser), la regla (ruler)
la pizarra (board), la mesa (table), la silla (chair)
el profesor / la profesora (teacher)

5. Everyday Action Verbs | 日常活动动词

Key verbs in Year 7 include regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs as well as irregular high-frequency ones like ‘tener’ and ‘ir’. Focus on the ‘yo’ and ‘tú’ forms first since you will use them most in simple conversations.

Year 7 的关键动词包括规则的 -ar, -er, -ir 动词，以及像 ‘tener’ 和 ‘ir’ 这样的高频不规则动词。首先集中掌握 ‘yo’ 和 ‘tú’ 形式，因为你在简单对话中最常用它们。

For -ar verbs like ‘hablar’ (to speak), remember the pattern: yo hablo, tú hablas, él/ella habla. The endings -o, -as, -a are your mantra. Sing them to a simple tune.

对于像 ‘hablar’ (说话) 这样的 -ar 动词，记住模式：yo hablo, tú hablas, él/ella habla。词尾 -o, -as, -a 就是你的口诀。用简单的曲调唱出来。

Irregular verb ‘tener’ (to have) is used in expressions like ‘tengo hambre’ (I am hungry). Literally ‘I have hunger’, this shows a key difference from English and helps you remember the structure.

不规则动词 ‘tener’ (有) 用于 ‘tengo hambre’ (我饿了) 等表达。字面意思是 ‘我有饥饿’，这体现了与英语的主要区别，帮助记忆该结构。

yo hablo (I speak), tú hablas (you speak)
yo como (I eat), tú comes (you eat)
yo vivo (I live), tú vives (you live)
yo tengo (I have), tú tienes (you have)
yo voy (I go), tú vas (you go)
yo hago (I do/make), tú haces (you do/make)

6. Food and Drinks | 食物与饮料

Food vocabulary is full of cognates that make learning easier: el chocolate, la pizza, el yogur. However, be careful with false friends like ‘la sopa’ (soup, not soap).

食物词汇中有许多同源词让学习更轻松：el chocolate, la pizza, el yogur。不过要小心像 ‘la sopa’ (汤，而非肥皂) 这样的假朋友。

Gender in food nouns can seem random. A tip: many fruits ending in -a are feminine (la manzana, la naranja), but there are exceptions like ‘el agua’ (feminine noun with masculine article due to sound).

食物名词的性别可能显得随机。提示：许多以 -a 结尾的水果是阴性 (la manzana, la naranja)，但也有例外，如 ‘el agua’ (因发音原因，阴性名词却用阳性冠词)。

Use meal phrases to chain words together: ‘Para el desayuno, tomo pan con mantequilla y un zumo de naranja.’ Repeating such chains builds fluency faster than isolated word lists.

用餐短语把单词串联起来：’Para el desayuno, tomo pan con mantequilla y un zumo de naranja.’ 重复这样的串联比孤立单词表更快地培养流利度。

el pan (bread), el arroz (rice), la pasta (pasta)
el pollo (chicken), el pescado (fish)
la manzana (apple), el plátano (banana), la naranja (orange)
el agua (water), el zumo (juice), la leche (milk)
el desayuno (breakfast), el almuerzo (lunch), la cena (dinner)

7. Time and Dates | 时间与日期

Telling time in Spanish uses ‘Es la una’ for 1:00 and ‘Son las’ for all other hours. This singular/plural split is an excellent chunk to memorise as a fixed phrase.

西班牙语表达时间时，1:00 用 ‘Es la una’，其他整点用 ‘Son las’。这种单复数区分是一个绝佳的固定语块，值得熟记。

Days of the week are not capitalised: lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes, sábado, domingo. To remember them, associate each with a planet or myth: lunes (luna, moon), martes (Marte, Mars).

星期名称不大写：lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes, sábado, domingo。为记住它们，将每个与行星或神话关联：lunes (luna, 月亮), martes (Marte, 火星)。

Months are also lower case and many look like English: enero, febrero, marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio, agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre, diciembre. Spot the -bre ending cluster to group the final four.

月份同样小写，许多与英语相似：enero, febrero, marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio, agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre, diciembre。发现 -bre 词尾群，将最后四个月组成一组。

Es la una (It’s 1:00)
Son las dos (It’s 2:00)
Son las tres y cuarto (It’s 3:15)
Son las cuatro y media (It’s 4:30)
hoy (today), mañana (tomorrow), ayer (yesterday)

8. Body Parts | 身体部位

Body part nouns are often introduced with the definite article, not possessive adjectives as in English: ‘Me duele la cabeza’ means ‘My head hurts’, literally ‘The head hurts me’.

身体部位名词常与定冠词连用，而不像英语那样用物主形容词：’Me duele la cabeza’ 表示 ‘我头疼’，字面意思是 ‘头使我感到疼痛’。

Words like ‘la mano’ (hand) are feminine despite ending in -o. Highlight this exception with a funny image: a hand wearing a dress. The plural is ‘las manos’.

像 ‘la mano’ (手) 这样的词尽管以 -o 结尾却是阴性。用搞笑画面来突出这个例外：一只穿着裙子的手。其复数为 ‘las manos’。

Sing ‘Cabeza, hombros, rodillas y pies’ to the tune of ‘Head, Shoulders, Knees and Toes’. Movement-based learning helps store vocabulary in long-term motor memory.

用 ‘头、肩膀、膝盖和脚趾’ 的旋律唱 ‘Cabeza, hombros, rodillas y pies’。基于动作的学习有助于将词汇储存在长期动作记忆中。

la cabeza (head), el ojo (eye), la oreja (ear)
la nariz (nose), la boca (mouth)
el brazo (arm), la mano (hand), el dedo (finger)
la pierna (leg), la rodilla (knee), el pie (foot)

9. Clothes and Accessories | 衣物与配饰

Clothing words often come with the verb ‘llevar’ (to wear): ‘Llevo una camiseta blanca’. Practise describing outfits in a simple diary entry to personalise the vocabulary.

衣物词常与动词 ‘llevar’ (穿着) 搭配使用：’Llevo una camiseta blanca’。通过写简单的日记描述穿着来个性化这些词汇。

The word ‘la ropa’ is a collective singular meaning clothing in general. Remember it as ‘the wardrobe’ that holds everything, which explains why it’s singular.

‘la ropa’ 是一个集合单数名词，泛指衣物。将其记作容纳万物的 ‘衣柜’，这解释了它为何是单数。

Pay attention to adjective placement: ‘una falda roja’ (a red skirt) places the colour after the noun, which is the typical Spanish pattern and different from English.

注意形容词位置：’una falda roja’ (一条红裙子) 将颜色放在名词之后，这是典型的西班牙语模式，与英语不同。

la camiseta (t-shirt), la camisa (shirt)
el pantalón (trousers), la falda (skirt)
el vestido (dress), la chaqueta (jacket)
los zapatos (shoes), los calcetines (socks)
el sombrero (hat), la bufanda (scarf)

10. Places and Directions | 地点与方向

Prepositions of place such as ‘al lado de’, ‘enfrente de’, and ‘detrás de’ are best memorised with a hand-drawn map. Label a street layout and describe locations aloud.

地点介词如 ‘al lado de’, ‘enfrente de’, ‘detrás de’ 的最佳记忆方式是绘制手绘地图。为街道布局标注并大声描述位置。

The phrase ‘a la derecha’ (on the right) and ‘a la izquierda’ (on the left) sound similar but the key is the ‘d’ and ‘izq’ difference. Link ‘derecha’ to ‘direct’ and ‘izquierda’ to ‘zigzag’ for a quick mental hook.

短语 ‘a la derecha’ (在右边) 和 ‘a la izquierda’ (在左边) 发音相似但关键在于 ‘d’ 与 ‘izq’ 的差异。将 ‘derecha’ 与 ‘direct’ 联系，将 ‘izquierda’ 与 ‘zigzag’ 联系，获得快速心理钩子。

Places like ‘el parque’, ‘la biblioteca’, ‘la tienda’ appear often in role plays. Create a mini-town on paper and move a character around, narrating ‘Voy al cine’ and ‘Está cerca del supermercado’.

像 ‘el parque’, ‘la biblioteca’, ‘la tienda’ 这样的地点常出现在角色扮演中。在纸上创建一个小镇，移动一个人物，口述 ‘Voy al cine’ 和 ‘Está cerca del supermercado’。

el colegio (school), el parque (park)
la biblioteca (library), la tienda (shop)
el supermercado (supermarket), el cine (cinema)
al lado de (next to), enfrente de (opposite)
detrás de (behind), delante de (in front of)
a la derecha (on the right), a la izquierda (on the left)

11. Common Adjectives and Opposites | 常用形容词及其反义词

Adjectives like ‘grande’ (big) and ‘pequeño’ (small) are fundamental. ‘Grande’ shortens to ‘gran’ before a singular noun, usually to mean ‘great’: un gran libro.

像 ‘grande’ (大的) 和 ‘pequeño’ (小的) 这样的形容词是基础词汇。’grande’ 在单数名词前缩为 ‘gran’，通常表示 ‘伟大的’：un gran libro。

Learn in antonym pairs: alto/bajo (tall/short), guapo/feo (handsome/ugly), divertido/aburrido (fun/boring). This doubling technique halves the effort by linking opposites in your mind.

以反义词对的方式学习：alto/bajo (高/矮), guapo/feo (帅/丑), divertido/aburrido (有趣/无聊)。这种成对技巧通过在脑中连接反义词，使记忆事半功倍。

Some adjectives have the same form for both genders: inteligente, interesante, grande. Highlight them in green in your notes as ‘invariable’ so you do not mistakenly add a feminine ending.

有些形容词在阴阳性上形式相同：inteligente, interesante, grande。在笔记中用绿色标出它们为 ‘不变形’ 形容词，以免误加阴性词尾。

grande / pequeño (big / small)
alto / bajo (tall / short, high / low)
guapo / feo (good-looking / ugly)
divertido / aburrido (fun / boring)
fácil / difícil (easy / difficult)
simpático / antipático (nice / unpleasant)
nuevo / viejo (new / old)

12. Memory Tricks and Study Habits | 记忆窍门与学习习惯

Spaced repetition is your strongest tool. Review new words after one day, three days, and a week. Use digital apps or a simple paper box system to schedule reviews automatically.

间隔重复是你最强大的工具。在一天、三天和一周后复习新词。使用数字应用或简单的纸盒系统来自动安排复习。

Story-based mnemonics work wonders: to remember ‘gato’ (cat) and ‘perro’ (dog), imagine a cat in a gate and a dog with a pearl collar. The sillier the image, the stickier the word.

基于故事的记忆法效果极佳：要记住 ‘gato’ (猫) 和 ‘perro’ (狗)，想象一只猫在门里 (gate) 和一只戴着珍珠项圈 (pearl) 的狗。画面越荒诞，单词越牢固。

Colour coding by gender helps visual learners. Mark masculine nouns in blue, feminine in red, and adjective endings in the same colour to create a mental pattern recognition system.

用颜色按性别编码对视觉型学习者有帮助。用蓝色标阳性名词，红色标阴性名词，形容词词尾也同色标注，建立一个心理模式识别系统。

Finally, use the words in silly, personal sentences: ‘Mi abuela come pizza en la biblioteca.’ Ownership of the language through humour makes vocabulary unforgettable.

最后，在荒诞的个人句子中使用单词：’Mi abuela come pizza en la biblioteca.’ 通过幽默获得语言的主人翁感，使词汇难以忘记。

Review 10 minutes daily rather than an hour weekly
每天复习 10 分钟，而不是每周一小时
Combine listening, speaking, reading, and writing in each session
每次学习会话将听、说、读、写结合起来
Create a ‘word of the day’ and use it at least three times
创造一个 ‘每日一词’，至少使用三次
Teach a family member three new words each evening
每晚教一位家人三个新词

Published by TutorHao | Spanish Revision Series | aleveler.com

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Year 7 CAIE Spanish: Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | 西班牙语词汇速记指南