📚 Year 7 Cambridge Biology: Summer Prep & Bridging Course | 剑桥 Year 7 生物：暑期预习与衔接课程
Welcome to the world of biology! As you prepare to start Year 7 at a Cambridge school, this summer prep guide will help you get a head start and build a strong foundation. Biology is the study of living things, from tiny cells to entire ecosystems, and it is full of fascinating discoveries. By understanding key concepts now, you will feel confident and curious when your classes begin.
欢迎来到生物学的世界！当你准备进入剑桥课程的七年级时，这份暑期预习指南将帮助你提前起步，打下坚实的基础。生物学是研究生命的学科，从微小的细胞到整个生态系统，充满了迷人的发现。现在理解关键概念，开学时你会感到自信并充满好奇心。
1. Why Biology Matters | 生物学为什么重要
Biology helps us understand ourselves and the world around us. It explains how our bodies work, why we look like our parents, and how plants make their own food. Biology also tackles big challenges like disease, food security, and climate change. Without biology, we wouldn’t have vaccines, antibiotics, or conservation projects. Every day, biologists make new discoveries that improve our lives.
生物学帮助我们了解自己和周围的世界。它解释我们的身体如何运作，为什么我们长得像父母，以及植物如何制造食物。生物学还应对疾病、粮食安全和气候变化等重大挑战。没有生物学，我们就不会有疫苗、抗生素或自然保护项目。每天，生物学家都在做出新的发现来改善我们的生活。
As a Cambridge Year 7 student, you will start exploring these ideas through hands-on experiments and observations. You will learn to think like a scientist: ask questions, make predictions, and test them. This skill is not only useful for exams but for life.
作为剑桥七年级学生，你将通过动手实验和观察开始探索这些想法。你将学习像科学家一样思考：提出问题、做出预测并检验它们。这项技能不仅对考试有用，对生活也很有用。
2. The Cambridge Year 7 Biology Curriculum Overview | 剑桥 Year 7 生物课程概览
The Cambridge Lower Secondary Science curriculum integrates biology, chemistry, and physics, but you will spend about one-third of your time on biology topics. In Year 7, you will cover living things, cells, plant biology, and an introduction to human body systems. You will also develop practical skills like using a microscope, drawing biological specimens, and planning investigations. The curriculum encourages you to make connections between topics and to think critically.
剑桥初中科学课程融合了生物、化学和物理，但大约三分之一的时间用于生物主题。在七年级，你将学习生物、细胞、植物生物学以及人体系统入门。你还将培养实用技能，如使用显微镜、绘制生物标本图和设计探究实验。课程鼓励你在不同主题之间建立联系并进行批判性思考。
In Year 7, you will encounter these main biology units: 1) Characteristics of Living Things – understanding what makes something alive. 2) Cells – exploring plant and animal cells. 3) Classification – grouping organisms based on features. 4) Plants – photosynthesis, transport, reproduction. 5) Human Body – digestive, circulatory, and respiratory systems. 6) Ecosystems – food chains, adaptation, and habitats.
在七年级，你将接触到以下主要生物单元：1）生物的特征——理解什么是有生命。2）细胞——探索动植物细胞。3）分类——根据特征对生物进行分组。4）植物——光合作用、运输、繁殖。5）人体——消化、循环和呼吸系统。6）生态系统——食物链、适应和栖息地。
Each unit builds on the next, so keeping up from the start is vital. A bit of summer reading can give you a real advantage.
每个单元环环相扣，因此从一开始就跟上进度至关重要。暑假里稍微阅读一下，就能让你占据真正的优势。
3. Scientific Skills Every Biologist Needs | 每个生物学家必备的科学技能
Science is not just about learning facts; it is about how to investigate the natural world. In Cambridge Biology, you will practice key skills: Observations – using your senses and tools to notice details. Recording data – drawing clear labelled diagrams and making tables. Measuring – using rulers, thermometers, and balances accurately. Planning – designing a fair test with variables. Evaluating – identifying sources of error and suggesting improvements.
科学不仅仅是学习事实，更是关于如何探究自然界。在剑桥生物中，你将练习关键技能：观察——运用感官和工具注意细节。记录数据——绘制清晰的标记图并制作表格。测量——准确使用尺子、温度计和天平。计划——设计一个保持其他条件相同的公平测试。评估——识别误差来源并提出改进建议。
You can start practising these skills during the summer. Keep a nature journal: sketch a plant or insect, label its parts, and write observations. Try measuring growth of a seedling each day. These activities will sharpen your scientific eye.
你可以在暑假期间开始练习这些技能。写一本自然日记：画一株植物或昆虫，标注各个部分，写下观察。试着每天测量一株幼苗的生长。这些活动会磨炼你的科学眼光。
4. Cells: The Building Blocks of Life | 细胞：生命的基石
All living organisms are made of cells. Some, like bacteria, are single-celled, while others, like humans, are made of trillions of cells. The two main types you will study are animal cells and plant cells. Both have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus, but plant cells also have a rigid cell wall, a large permanent vacuole, and chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
所有生物体都由细胞组成。有些如细菌是单细胞的，而其他如人类则由数万亿个细胞组成。你将学习的两种主要类型是动物细胞和植物细胞。两者都有细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核，但植物细胞还有坚硬的细胞壁、一个大的中央液泡和用于光合作用的叶绿体。
Animal cells have no cell wall, so their shape is flexible. They contain many small vacuoles. Plant cells have a strong cell wall made of cellulose, which gives them a fixed shape and supports the plant.
动物细胞没有细胞壁，因此形状灵活。它们有许多小液泡。植物细胞有由纤维素构成的坚固细胞壁，这使它们形状固定并支撑植物。
The nucleus controls all cell activities and contains genetic material (DNA). Chloroplasts absorb sunlight to make food. Mitochondria release energy during respiration. Knowing these organelles will help you understand larger life processes.
细胞核控制所有细胞活动并含有遗传物质（DNA）。叶绿体吸收阳光制造食物。线粒体在呼吸作用中释放能量。了解这些细胞器将帮助你理解更大尺度的生命过程。
5. Classification of Living Things | 生物的分类
To study the enormous variety of life, biologists classify organisms into groups. The main system uses kingdoms: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Prokaryotes (bacteria), and Protoctists. You will learn to use the seven-level system: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. The binomial naming system gives each species a two-part Latin name, such as Homo sapiens for humans.
为了研究生命的巨大多样性，生物学家将生物分类。主要系统使用界：动物界、植物界、真菌界、原核生物界（细菌）和原生生物界。你将学会使用七级系统：界、门、纲、目、科、属、种。双名法给每个物种一个由两部分组成的拉丁名，比如人类是智人（Homo sapiens）。
You will also explore how to use dichotomous keys to identify organisms based on a series of yes/no questions. This is a fun detective-like skill. Try making a simple key for leaves in your garden.
你还将探索如何使用二分检索表，根据一系列是非问题鉴定生物。这是一种像侦探一样的趣味技能。试着为你花园里的叶子制作一个简单的检索表。
6. Plants and Photosynthesis | 植物与光合作用
Plants are producers; they make their own food using photosynthesis. This process takes place in the chloroplasts. In words, the reaction is:
植物是生产者；它们通过光合作用制造食物。这个过程发生在叶绿体中。用文字表示，反应为：
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
二氧化碳 + 水 → 葡萄糖 + 氧气
But you will learn to write it with symbols:
但你将学习用符号书写：
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Plants absorb water and minerals through roots, and carbon dioxide through tiny pores called stomata on leaves. Sunlight provides the energy to drive the reaction. The glucose is used for energy and growth, and oxygen is released as a by-product.
植物通过根部吸收水和矿物质，通过叶片上叫做气孔的微小孔隙吸收二氧化碳。阳光提供驱动反应的能量。葡萄糖用于能量和生长，氧气作为副产品释放。
Without photosynthesis, life as we know it would not exist. It produces the oxygen we breathe and is the foundation of most food chains.
没有光合作用，我们所知的生命将不复存在。它产生我们呼吸的氧气，也是大多数食物链的基础。
7. Human Body Systems: An Introduction | 人体系统入门
Your body is made up of organs working together in systems. In Year 7, you will begin with the digestive system, the circulatory system, and the respiratory system. The digestive system breaks down food into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood. Important organs include the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
你的身体由协同工作的器官系统组成。在七年级，你将从消化系统、循环系统和呼吸系统开始。消化系统将食物分解成可以被血液吸收的小分子、可溶性分子。重要器官包括口腔、食管、胃、小肠和大肠。
The circulatory system, with the heart as a pump, transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products around the body. The respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs and removes carbon dioxide. Understanding how these systems connect is a key theme.
循环系统以心脏为泵，在全身运输氧气、营养物质和废物。呼吸系统将氧气带入肺部并排出二氧化碳。理解这些系统如何连接是一个关键主题。
Did you know that the small intestine is about 6 metres long? Or that your heart beats about 100,000 times a day? Summer is a great time to research these fascinating facts.
你知道小肠大约有6米长吗？或者你的心脏每天跳动大约10万次？暑假是研究这些迷人事实的好时机。
8. Ecosystems and Food Chains | 生态系统与食物链
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their environment. You will study food chains and webs that show energy flow. For example: grass → rabbit → fox. The arrow means ‘is eaten by’. Producers (plants) are at the start, then primary consumers (herbivores), secondary consumers, and so on.
生态系统是生物群落与其环境相互作用的系统。你将学习显示能量流动的食物链和食物网。例如：草 → 兔 → 狐狸。箭头表示“被……吃”。生产者（植物）在最前面，然后是初级消费者（食草动物）、次级消费者等。
You will also learn about adaptations—features that help organisms survive. For example, a camel’s hump stores fat, not water; cacti have thick, waxy stems to reduce water loss. Understanding these will help you see why organisms live where they do.
你还将学习适应性——帮助生物生存的特征。例如，骆驼的驼峰储存脂肪，而不是水；仙人掌有厚实的蜡质茎以减少水分流失。理解这些将帮助你明白为什么生物生活在它们所在的地方。
Visit a local park or pond this summer and try to draw a simple food web of what you observe. It’s a brilliant way to bring the topic to life.
这个夏天去当地的公园或池塘，试着画下你观察到的一个简单食物网。这是让这个主题活起来的绝佳方式。
9. Practical Investigations at Home | 家庭实验探究
You do not need a lab to be a biologist! Try these simple activities: 1) Grow beans in a jar with wet paper towel and watch roots and shoots develop. 2) Test for starch in leaves using iodine solution (with adult supervision). 3) Collect pond water and examine it with a magnifying glass—you might see tiny organisms called protozoans. 4) Build a model cell using jelly and sweets.
不需要实验室就可以成为生物学家！试试这些简单活动：1) 在罐子里用湿纸巾种豆子，观察根和芽的发育。2) 用碘液测试叶片中的淀粉（需成人监督）。3) 收集池塘水，用放大镜观察——你可能会看到叫做原生动物的微小生物。4) 用果冻和糖果制作一个细胞模型。
Always remember to follow safety rules and wash your hands after handling living things. Record your results with notes and drawings. This will give you a head start in practical lab sessions.
务必遵守安全规则，接触生物后洗手。用笔记和图画记录结果。这将让你在实验课中领先一步。
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