Year 7 Cambridge Biology: Vocabulary Terminology Quick-Study Guide | 剑桥7年级生物：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 7 Cambridge Biology: Vocabulary Terminology Quick-Study Guide | 剑桥7年级生物：词汇术语速记指南

Building a strong vocabulary is the first step toward success in Year 7 Cambridge Biology. This quick-study guide brings together the essential terms you will meet when studying life processes, cells, classification, food chains, habitats and photosynthesis, all with clear explanations and memory-friendly translations. Use it to revise, test yourself and build confidence for every checkpoint assessment.

建立扎实的术语词汇是在剑桥7年级生物中迈向成功的第一步。这本速记指南汇集了你在学习生命过程、细胞、分类、食物链、栖息地和光合作用时会遇到的所有核心术语，并配有清晰的解释和便于记忆的中文翻译。请用它来复习、自测，并为每一次阶段性评估建立信心。

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1. Life Processes and MRS GREN | 生命过程与 MRS GREN 记忆法

To decide whether something is living, scientists check if it carries out seven life processes, commonly remembered by the acronym MRS GREN.

为了判断某物是否是生物，科学家检查它是否进行七种生命过程，通常用首字母缩写 MRS GREN 来记忆。

Movement: an action that changes an organism’s position or place. Even plants show slow movements, like turning towards light.

运动（Movement）：改变生物体位置或地点的动作。即便是植物也会表现出缓慢的运动，比如向光生长。

Respiration: the process of releasing energy from food, usually glucose, inside every living cell. This is not the same as breathing.

呼吸（Respiration）：在每一个活细胞内从食物（通常是葡萄糖）中释放能量的过程。这与我们日常说的“呼吸空气”不是同一个概念。

Sensitivity: the ability to detect and respond to changes in the surroundings, such as light, temperature or sound.

感应（Sensitivity）：探测并回应周围环境变化（如光线、温度或声音）的能力。

Growth: a permanent increase in size and dry mass by increasing the number of cells or enlarging existing cells.

生长（Growth）：通过增加细胞数量或增大细胞尺寸，实现体积和干质量的永久性增加。

Reproduction: the ability to produce offspring. This can be sexual (involving two parents) or asexual (involving only one parent).

生殖（Reproduction）：产生后代的能力。可以是有性生殖（涉及两个亲本）或无性生殖（只涉及一个亲本）。

Excretion: the removal of toxic metabolic waste products, such as carbon dioxide from respiration and urea from protein breakdown.

排泄（Excretion）：清除代谢产生的有毒废物，例如呼吸作用产生的二氧化碳和蛋白质分解产生的尿素。

Nutrition: taking in and using nutrients for energy, growth and repair. Plants produce their own food; animals need to eat other organisms.

营养（Nutrition）：摄入并利用营养物质以提供能量、生长和修复。植物能自己制造食物，动物则需要摄取其他生物。

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2. Cell Structure: Animal and Plant Cells | 细胞结构：动物细胞与植物细胞

All living organisms are made of cells, which are the smallest units that can carry out life processes.

所有生物都是由细胞构成的，细胞是能够进行生命过程的最小单位。

Animal cells and plant cells share three key structures: a cell membrane, a nucleus and cytoplasm.

动物细胞和植物细胞共有三种关键结构：细胞膜、细胞核和细胞质。

The cell membrane is a thin, flexible layer that controls which substances enter and leave the cell.

细胞膜是一层薄而富有弹性的膜，控制着哪些物质能够进出细胞。

The nucleus is a large, roughly spherical structure that contains genetic material (DNA) and controls all cell activities.

细胞核是一个较大、近似球形的结构，含有遗传物质（DNA），并控制着细胞的一切活动。

Cytoplasm is a jelly-like liquid that fills the cell, where most chemical reactions take place.

细胞质是一种填满细胞的胶状液体，大部分的化学反应在此发生。

Plant cells have three extra structures not found in animal cells: a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, a large permanent vacuole filled with cell sap, and green chloroplasts.

植物细胞比动物细胞多出三种结构：由纤维素构成的坚硬的细胞壁、充满细胞液的大液泡，以及绿色的叶绿体。

The cell wall gives the plant cell a fixed shape and provides support; the vacuole helps keep the cell firm; chloroplasts absorb light for photosynthesis.

细胞壁赋予植物细胞固定的形状并提供支撑；液泡帮助细胞保持坚挺；叶绿体吸收光能进行光合作用。

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3. Organelles and Their Functions | 细胞器及其功能

The inside of a cell contains tiny structures called organelles, each with a specific job. Below is a summary of the organelles you need to know in Year 7.

细胞内部含有称为细胞器的微小结构，它们各司其职。以下是你需要在7年级掌握的细胞器总结。

Organelle (English / 中文)	Function (English)	功能（中文）
Cell membrane / 细胞膜	Controls what enters and leaves the cell	控制物质进出细胞
Cytoplasm / 细胞质	Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions occur	发生化学反应的胶状物质
Nucleus / 细胞核	Contains DNA and controls cell activities	含有DNA，控制细胞活动
Mitochondria / 线粒体	Release energy through aerobic respiration	通过有氧呼吸释放能量
Cell wall / 细胞壁	Rigid outer layer of plant cells; provides support	植物细胞外坚硬的层；提供支撑
Vacuole / 液泡	Stores cell sap and helps maintain turgor pressure	储存细胞液，帮助维持膨胀压
Chloroplast / 叶绿体	Contains chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis	含叶绿素，进行光合作用

Mitochondria are found in both animal and plant cells, whereas chloroplasts and a large permanent vacuole are only present in plant cells.

线粒体同时存在于动物和植物细胞中，而叶绿体和大型液泡仅存在于植物细胞。

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4. Using a Microscope | 显微镜的使用

A light microscope is an instrument that uses lenses to magnify tiny objects so we can observe cells and their details.

光学显微镜是一种利用透镜放大微小物体的仪器，使我们能够观察细胞及其细节。

The eyepiece lens is the lens you look through; it usually has a magnification of ×10.

目镜是你用来观察的透镜，其放大倍数通常为×10。

The objective lenses are the rotating lenses closest to the specimen; they provide different magnifications, such as ×4, ×10 and ×40.

物镜是靠近标本的可旋转透镜，它们提供不同的放大倍数，例如×4、×10和×40。

The stage is the flat platform where you place the microscope slide; a mirror or built-in light illuminates the specimen.

载物台是放置载玻片的平台；反光镜或内置光源用于照亮标本。

The coarse focus knob moves the stage quickly to bring the specimen into rough focus; the fine focus knob sharpens the image without cracking the slide.

粗准焦螺旋快速移动载物台以获得粗略对焦；细准焦螺旋则精细调整图像清晰度，避免压碎玻片。

Total magnification is calculated using a simple formula:

Total magnification = eyepiece lens magnification × objective lens magnification

Published by TutorHao | Year 7 Biology Revision Series | aleveler.com

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