Year 7 Cambridge Business: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | 剑桥Year 7商务：暑期预习与衔接课程

📚 Year 7 Cambridge Business: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | 剑桥Year 7商务：暑期预习与衔接课程

This article provides a warm welcome to Year 7 Business Studies under the Cambridge Lower Secondary curriculum. It introduces the fundamental ideas you will explore, explains why the subject matters, and offers practical tips to help you bridge the summer gap confidently.

本文旨在欢迎你进入剑桥初中Year 7商务学科的学习。文章将介绍你即将探索的基本概念，解释这门学科为何重要，并提供实用建议，帮助你自信地完成暑期衔接。

1. Welcome to Business Studies | 欢迎学习商务学科

Business Studies is a fascinating subject that looks at how organisations create, sell and deliver products to meet people’s needs. At Year 7, you begin to understand the world of work, money and trade from the ground up.

商务学科是一门引人入胜的科目，它研究组织如何创造、销售和交付产品来满足人们的需求。在Year 7阶段，你将从头开始理解工作、金钱和贸易的世界。

The Cambridge Lower Secondary programme encourages you to think like an entrepreneur and to connect classroom ideas with real-life examples around you. You will not just memorise facts; you will learn to ask questions and solve problems.

剑桥初中课程鼓励你像企业家一样思考，并将课堂知识与身边的真实案例联系起来。你不仅要记忆事实，更要学会提问和解决问题。

2. What Is Business? | 什么是商业？

A business is any organisation that provides goods or services to consumers in exchange for money. Its main goal is usually to make a profit, although some social enterprises aim to improve communities.

商业是指任何通过向消费者提供商品或服务来换取金钱的组织。其主要目标通常是盈利，不过一些社会企业旨在改善社区。

Businesses can be tiny — like a lemonade stand — or huge, like a multinational technology company. No matter their size, they all need resources, customers and a plan to succeed.

企业可以小到一个柠檬水摊位，也可以大到跨国科技公司。无论规模大小，它们都需要资源、客户和成功的计划。

3. Needs and Wants | 需求与欲望

A ‘need’ is something essential for survival, such as food, water, shelter and clothing. A ‘want’ is something you would like to have but can live without, like a video game or designer trainers.

“需求”是生存所必需的东西，如食物、水、住所和衣物。“欲望”是你想要但并非生存必需的东西，比如电子游戏或名牌运动鞋。

Understanding the difference between needs and wants helps businesses decide what to produce. Successful companies often turn wants into must‑have experiences, but they must keep an eye on basic needs too.

理解需求与欲望的差异有助于企业决定生产什么。成功的公司常常将欲望转化为必备的体验，但它们也需要关注基本需求。

4. Goods and Services | 商品与服务

Goods are tangible items you can touch, such as a smartphone, a book or a loaf of bread. Services are intangible activities done for you, like a haircut, a bus ride or tutoring.

商品是你可以触摸的有形物品，如智能手机、书本或一条面包。服务是为你完成的无形活动，如理发、乘坐公交车或辅导。

Most businesses provide a mixture of both. When you buy a pizza, you get the physical good (the pizza) and the service of delivery. This combination is common in everyday life.

大多数企业同时提供商品和服务。当你购买披萨时，你既得到了实物商品（披萨），也享受了递送服务。这种结合在日常生活中很常见。

5. The Factors of Production | 生产要素

To produce any good or service, businesses need four key resources: land, labour, capital and enterprise. These are called the factors of production.

要生产任何商品或服务，企业需要四种关键资源：土地、劳动力、资本和企业才能。这些被称为生产要素。

‘Land’ includes all natural resources, like water, oil and forests. ‘Labour’ refers to the workers and their skills. ‘Capital’ means machinery, tools and buildings. ‘Enterprise’ is the ability to bring the other factors together and take risks.

“土地”包括所有自然资源，如水、石油和森林。“劳动力”指工人及其技能。“资本”指机器、工具和厂房。“企业才能”则是将其他要素组合起来并承担风险的能力。

Even a school tuck shop uses these factors: the premises (land), the students helping (labour), the till and oven (capital), and the teacher or student who organises it (enterprise).

即使是学校小吃部也要使用这些要素：场地（土地）、帮忙的学生（劳动力）、收银机和烤箱（资本），以及组织运营的老师或学生（企业才能）。

6. Entrepreneurs and Enterprise | 企业家与企业精神

An entrepreneur is someone who spots a business opportunity, organises resources and takes financial risks in the hope of making a profit. Enterprise is the mindset of turning ideas into action.

企业家是发现商机、组织资源并承担财务风险以期获利的人。企业精神则是将想法转化为行动的思维模式。

Young entrepreneurs often start small by selling handmade crafts, offering pet‑walking services or designing apps. They learn to plan, budget and communicate — skills that will help you throughout Year 7 and beyond.

年轻的企业家通常从小做起，比如售卖手工艺品、提供遛狗服务或设计应用程序。他们学习规划、预算和沟通，这些技能将在Year 7及以后的学习中助你一臂之力。

7. Types of Business Organisation | 企业组织类型

In Year 7, you will meet three simple types of private sector business: sole trader, partnership and private limited company. Each has different features regarding ownership, liability and how profits are shared.

在Year 7，你会接触到三种简单的私营部门企业类型：个体经营者、合伙企业和私人有限公司。每种类型在所有权、责任和利润分配上都有不同特征。

A sole trader is owned and run by one person. It is easy to set up, but the owner has unlimited liability — meaning they could lose personal belongings if the business fails.

个体经营者由一人拥有和经营。创业容易，但业主承担无限责任，这意味着如果生意失败，可能会失去个人财产。

A partnership involves two or more people sharing the work and profits. A private limited company (Ltd) has its own legal identity, and owners’ personal assets are usually protected. You will explore these differences with case studies.

合伙企业涉及两人或多人分担工作和分享利润。私人有限公司（Ltd）拥有独立的法人身份，业主的个人资产通常受到保护。你将通过案例研究探索这些差异。

8. Introduction to Markets | 市场入门

A market is any situation where buyers and sellers exchange goods or services. It does not have to be a physical place like a street market; online platforms like eBay are markets too.

市场是买卖双方交换商品或服务的任何场景。它不一定是像街市那样的实体场所；像eBay这样的在线平台也是市场。

The price of a product is influenced by supply — how much producers are willing to offer — and demand — how much consumers want to buy. When demand rises and supply is limited, prices tend to go up.

产品价格受供给（生产者愿意提供多少）和需求（消费者愿意购买多少）的影响。当需求上升而供给有限时，价格往往会上涨。

You will begin to draw simple demand and supply diagrams to show these interactions. This visual tool helps you analyse why concert tickets or popular trainers become expensive.

你将开始绘制简单的供需图来展示这些互动。这个直观的工具能帮你分析为何演唱会门票或热门运动鞋会变得昂贵。

9. The Role of Money | 金钱的作用

Money performs several important jobs: it is a medium of exchange, a unit of account, a store of value and a standard for deferred payment. Without money, we would have to barter — swapping a chicken for a sack of rice, which is highly inconvenient.

金钱承担着几项重要职能：它是交换媒介、记账单位、价值储藏和延期支付的标准。没有金钱，我们就只能以物易物——用一只鸡换一袋米，这极为不便。

In Year 7, you will look at different forms of money, from coins and notes to digital payments. You will also discuss how businesses use money to buy resources, pay wages and invest in growth.

在Year 7，你将研究不同形式的货币，从硬币、纸币到数字支付。你还将讨论企业如何使用金钱购买资源、支付工资和投资发展。

10. Making Choices: Opportunity Cost | 做出选择：机会成本

Because resources are limited, every choice involves giving up the next best alternative. This sacrifice is called opportunity cost. It is a core concept in Business Studies and Economics.

由于资源有限，每一个选择都意味着放弃次优的替代方案。这种牺牲被称为机会成本。这是商务学科和经济学的核心概念。

For example, if a government decides to build a new hospital instead of a sports stadium, the opportunity cost is the stadium it could have built. An individual who spends savings on a new phone has an opportunity cost of perhaps a holiday or a laptop.

例如，如果政府决定建造一所新医院而非体育场，那么机会成本就是它本可建成的体育场。把积蓄花在新手机上的人，其机会成本可能是假期或笔记本电脑。

Learning to think in terms of opportunity cost helps you make wiser decisions, both in business and in your own pocket money.

学会从机会成本的角度思考，能帮助你在商业和个人零花钱使用上做出更明智的决定。

11. Business in Our Daily Lives | 我们日常生活中的商业

From the moment you wake up to your alarm clock (made by a business) to the breakfast cereal (produced and packaged by businesses), you interact with countless business activities. The bus you ride, the Wi‑Fi you use — everything involves business operations.

早晨被闹钟（由企业制造）叫醒，吃到早餐麦片（由企业生产和包装），你无时无刻不在与商业活动打交道。你乘坐的公交车、使用的Wi‑Fi——一切都涉及企业运营。

Being aware of how businesses influence your choices makes you a sharper customer. You will learn to spot advertising techniques, compare prices and understand why shops place sweets at the checkout.

意识到企业如何影响你的选择，会让你变成更精明的消费者。你将学会识别广告技巧、比较价格，并理解为什么商店会把糖果摆在收银台旁。

12. How to Succeed in Year 7 Business | 如何学好Year 7商务

Success in Cambridge Business Studies comes from curiosity and regular practice. Keep a business diary over the summer: note down any business idea you encounter, from a new app to a pop‑up stall.

学好剑桥商务学科需要好奇心和经常练习。在暑假期间写一本商务日记：记下你遇到的任何商业创意，从新应用程序到快闪摊位。

Tip	How to do it
Read widely	Follow child‑friendly business news or watch short explainer videos on trade and markets.
Discuss with family	Ask parents or relatives about their jobs — what goods or services do they help provide?
Practise key terms	Make flashcards for words like ‘entrepreneur’, ‘opportunity cost’ and ‘limited liability’.

Key formula for business success: Idea + Resources + Action = Value created

商业成功的关键公式：创意 + 资源 + 行动 = 创造价值

Work through small challenges: design a flyer for a pretend product, calculate the profit from selling lemonade, or list the factors of production for a school cafeteria. These activities build the language and logic required for the Cambridge course.

完成一些小挑战：为一款假想产品设计传单、计算卖柠檬水的利润，或者列出学校食堂的生产要素。这些活动能培养剑桥课程所需的语言和逻辑能力。

Remember, Business Studies is not only about numbers — it is about people, creativity and solving real problems. The more you connect what you learn to the world around you, the more enjoyable and successful your study will be.

请记住，商务学科不只是关于数字，它涉及人、创意和解决实际问题。你越是把所学知识与周遭世界联系起来，你的学习就会越有趣、越成功。

Published by TutorHao | Business Revision Series | aleveler.com

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