📚 Year 7 Cambridge Economics: Case Study Practice and Mastery | 七年级剑桥经济：案例分析实战演练
Case studies are a great way to apply economic concepts to real-world situations. In Year 7 Cambridge Economics, you will often be asked to analyse scenarios, identify economic problems, and suggest solutions. This article will guide you through practical case study exercises, helping you build confidence and master the skills needed for your assessments.
案例分析是将经济概念应用于现实情境的绝佳方式。在七年级剑桥经济课程中，你经常需要分析场景、识别经济问题并提出解决方案。本文将带你进行实战案例演练，帮助你建立信心并掌握评估所需的技能。
1. What is a Case Study in Economics? | 什么是经济案例分析？
A case study in economics is a detailed story about an individual, firm, or country facing a decision. It usually includes background information, data, and a problem that requires economic thinking. The aim is not just to describe what is happening, but to explain why it happens and predict possible outcomes using economic models.
经济中的案例研究是关于个人、企业或国家面临决策的详细故事。它通常包含背景信息、数据以及一个需要用经济思维解决的问题。目的不仅仅是描述正在发生的事情，而是解释它为何发生，并利用经济模型预测可能的结果。
When you read a case, try to identify the key economic concepts involved, such as scarcity, opportunity cost, supply and demand, or market equilibrium. Good answers often include a clear structure: identifying the problem, applying economic theory, considering alternative viewpoints, and making a reasoned judgement.
阅读案例时，尝试找出涉及的关键经济概念，如稀缺性、机会成本、供给与需求或市场均衡。好的答案通常包含清晰的结构：识别问题、应用经济理论、考虑不同观点并作出合理判断。
2. The PEEL Method for Economic Analysis | 经济分析的PEEL法
The PEEL method helps you structure paragraphs in economic analysis. Start with a clear Point, provide Evidence from the case, Explain using economic concepts, and Link back to the question. This ensures your answer stays focused and shows deep understanding.
PEEL法帮助你构建经济分析段落。开头提出明确观点，从案例中提供证据，用经济概念解释，再回扣问题。这能确保你的答案紧扣题意并展现出深刻理解。
For example, if the case is about rising train fares, your point might be that higher fares reduce passenger numbers. Evidence would be the 15% drop quoted in the case. Explanation uses the law of demand. Finally, link to the wider effects on the train company’s revenue.
例如，若案例关于火车票价上涨，你的观点可能是高票价减少乘客数量。证据是案例中提到的下降15%。解释运用需求法则。最后，联系到对火车公司收入的更广泛影响。
3. Case Study 1: Choosing a School Supply Budget | 案例一：选择学校用品预算
Sarah has a £10 budget to buy school supplies. A pen costs £2, a notebook costs £3, and a snack costs £1.50. She wants all three but cannot afford unlimited quantities. This situation shows scarcity: unlimited wants meeting limited resources. Sarah must make a choice and face trade-offs.
莎拉有10英镑预算购买学校用品。一支笔2英镑，一个笔记本3英镑，一份零食1.50英镑。她三样都想要，但无法无限量购买。这种情况体现了稀缺性：无限欲望与有限资源相遇。莎拉必须做出选择并面临权衡。
If Sarah decides to buy one notebook, she spends £3. The opportunity cost is the next best alternative she gives up. With that £3, she could have bought 1 pen and 1 snack (£2 + £1.50 = £3.50, which overspends slightly) or, more realistically, 2 snacks (£3). The true opportunity cost is the most valued combination she sacrifices, such as 2 snacks or 1.5 pens.
如果莎拉决定买一个笔记本，她花费3英镑。机会成本是她放弃的次优选择。用这3英镑，她本可以买1支笔和1份零食（2+1.50=3.50英镑，略微超支）或者更现实地，买2份零食（3英镑）。真正的机会成本是她牺牲的最有价值的组合，比如2份零食或1.5支笔。
Sarah might consider different combinations within her budget. For instance, 2 notebooks (£6) and 2 pens (£4) uses her entire £10 but leaves no snack. The opportunity cost of that extra snack would be giving up some stationery. Recognising these trade-offs helps her make a rational decision.
莎拉可以考虑预算内的不同组合。例如，2个笔记本（6英镑）和2支笔（4英镑）用光10英镑但没有零食。多要一份零食的机会成本就是放弃一些文具。意识到这些权衡有助于她做出理性决策。
4. Case Study 2: The Bakery Production Possibility | 案例二：面包店的生产可能性
A local bakery uses one oven and a fixed amount of labour to produce either bread or cakes. The table below shows the maximum combinations possible per hour. Note how the trade-off changes as production shifts from one good to the other.
当地一家面包店用一个烤箱和固定劳动力生产面包或蛋糕。下表显示了每小时可能的最大组合。注意随着生产从一种商品转向另一种，权衡的变化。
| Combination | Bread (loaves) | Cakes |
|---|---|---|
| A | 0 | 10 |
| B | 20 | 9 |
| C | 38 | 7 |
| D | 50 | 4 |
| E | 60 | 0 |
下表显示了同样的数据，用中文标注。
| 组合 | 面包(条) | 蛋糕 |
|---|---|---|
| A | 0 | 10 |
| B | 20 | 9 |
| C | 38 | 7 |
| D | 50 | 4 |
| E | 60 | 0 |
Moving from A to B, the bakery produces 20 loaves of bread but sacrifices only 1 cake. The opportunity cost of 20 loaves is 1 cake. However, moving from C to D to gain 12 more loaves (from 38 to 50) means losing 3 cakes (from 7 to 4). This shows increasing opportunity cost as resources are not equally efficient in producing both goods.
从A移到B，面包店生产20条面包，只牺牲1个蛋糕。20条面包的机会成本是1个蛋糕。然而，从C移到D以获得12条面包（从38到50）意味着失去3个蛋糕（从7到4）。这显示出机会成本递增，因为资源在生产两种商品时效率不等。
This table illustrates a Production Possibility Frontier (PPF). Points on the curve (like A–E) represent efficient use of resources. Any point inside the curve would mean underutilisation. The bowed-out shape, when plotted, reflects increasing opportunity cost.
该表展示了生产可能性边界（PPF）。曲线上的点（如A到E）代表资源的高效利用。曲线内部的任何点都意味着未充分利用。绘成图形时，向外弯曲的形状反映了机会成本递增。
5. Case Study 3: The Ice Cream Market in Summer | 案例三：夏季冰淇淋市场
Initially, the ice cream market is in equilibrium at a price of £2 per cone and 100 cones sold per day. A sudden heatwave hits the town. Consumers now want more ice cream at every price level. This event shifts the entire demand curve to the right.
最初，冰淇淋市场处于均衡状态，价格为每支2英镑，每天销售100支。城镇突然遭遇热浪。消费者现在在每个价位都想购买更多冰淇淋。这一事件使整个需求曲线向右移动。
Because the supply of ice cream cannot change instantly (ice cream vans have fixed stocks), a shortage occurs at the original price. At £2, quantity demanded jumps to 150, but quantity supplied remains 100. This excess demand of 50 cones pushes the price upward.
由于冰淇淋的供给无法立即改变（冰淇淋车的存货固定），在原价格处出现短缺。在2英镑价位，需求量跃升至150，但供给量仍为100。这50支的超额需求推高了价格。
As the price rises, some consumers reduce their purchases and suppliers are willing to sell more (movement along the curves). A new equilibrium is eventually reached at £2.50 per cone, with 120 cones traded. The price mechanism has allocated the scarce ice cream to those willing and able to pay more.
随着价格上升，一些消费者减少购买，供应商也愿意卖出更多（沿曲线的移动）。最终在每支2.50英镑处达到新均衡，交易量为120支。价格机制将稀缺的冰淇淋分配给了愿意且有能力支付更多的人。
In your case study answer, you would explain the shift, show the movement on a diagram, and link to the concept of market equilibrium. Remember to use labels like D1, D2, and E1, E2.
在案例分析答案中，你要解释这种移动，在图上展示移动，并联系市场均衡的概念。记住使用D1、D2以及E1、E2等标签。
6. Case Study 4: Price Changes of Bus Tickets | 案例四：公交车票价格变动
A city bus company raises its single fare from £1.00 to £1.20. The number of passengers per day drops from 1,000 to 900. The company’s total revenue before the change was £1,000 (£1.00 × 1,000). After the fare rise, total revenue becomes £1,080 (£1.20 × 900).
一家城市公交公司将单程票价从1.00英镑提高到1.20英镑。每天乘客量从1000人降至900人。提价前公司总收入为1000英镑（1.00×1000）。提
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 Economics Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导