📚 Year 7 Cambridge French: Core Knowledge Overview | Year 7 剑桥法语：核心知识点梳理
Welcome to your Year 7 French revision guide. This article covers the essential vocabulary, grammar and phrases that every beginner student needs to master. Whether you’re preparing for an end-of-year test or simply organising your notes, these core points will build a strong foundation for your future learning.
欢迎来到七年级法语复习指南。本文涵盖了每位初学者必须掌握的核心词汇、语法和句型。无论你是在准备年终测试还是整理笔记，这些知识点都将为你未来的学习打下坚实的基础。
1. Greetings and Introductions | 问候与自我介绍
Greetings form the basis of every conversation. In French, you can use ‘Bonjour’ (Hello/good day) during the daytime, ‘Bonsoir’ in the evening, and ‘Salut’ as a casual ‘Hi’ among friends. To take your leave, say ‘Au revoir’ or ‘À bientôt’ (See you soon).
问候语是每次对话的基础。白天可以使用 ‘Bonjour’，晚上用 ‘Bonsoir’，朋友之间可以用 ‘Salut’。告别时可以说 ‘Au revoir’ 或 ‘À bientôt’。
To ask how someone is, use ‘Comment ça va ?’ or simply ‘Ça va ?’. Common replies include ‘Ça va bien’ (I’m well), ‘Comme ci, comme ça’ (So-so), ‘Pas mal’ (Not bad) and ‘Très bien, merci’ (Very well, thank you).
询问某人近况，可以用 ‘Comment ça va ?’ 或简略的 ‘Ça va ?’。常见的回答有 ‘Ça va bien’（我很好）、’Comme ci, comme ça’（马马虎虎）、’Pas mal’（还不错）和 ‘Très bien, merci’（非常好，谢谢）。
Introducing yourself is vital. Use ‘Je m’appelle …’ (My name is …), ‘J’ai … ans’ (I am … years old) and ‘J’habite à …’ (I live in …). Remember that French uses the verb ‘avoir’ (to have) for age – literally ‘I have … years’.
自我介绍很重要。用 ‘Je m’appelle …’（我叫……）、’J’ai … ans’（我……岁）和 ‘J’habite à …’（我住在……）。注意法语中用动词 ‘avoir’（有）来表达年龄——字面意思是“我有……岁”。
| Question (English) | Question en français | Answer (example) |
| What’s your name? | Comment tu t’appelles ? | Je m’appelle Marie. |
| How old are you? | Quel âge as-tu ? | J’ai douze ans. |
| Where do you live? | Où habites-tu ? | J’habite à Beijing. |
2. Numbers and Counting | 数字与计数
Numbers are essential for giving your age, telephone numbers and dates. Start by memorising 0–20: zéro, un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix, onze, douze, treize, quatorze, quinze, seize, dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt.
数字对于报年龄、电话号码和日期必不可少。首先熟记 0–20：zéro, un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix, onze, douze, treize, quatorze, quinze, seize, dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt。
From 21 to 69, the pattern is logical: 21 = vingt et un, 22 = vingt-deux, 30 = trente, 31 = trente et un, 32 = trente-deux, 40 = quarante, 50 = cinquante, 60 = soixante. Note the use of a hyphen, except for 21, 31, 41, 51, 61 which use ‘et’ without a hyphen.
从21到69，逻辑清晰：21 = vingt et un，22 = vingt-deux，30 = trente，31 = trente et un，40 = quarante，50 = cinquante，60 = soixante。除了21、31、41、51、61用 ‘et’ 且不加连字符外，其他复合数字常使用连字符。
From 70 upwards, things get more interesting: 70 = soixante-dix (60+10), 71 = soixante et onze, 72 = soixante-douze … 80 = quatre-vingts (4×20), 81 = quatre-vingt-un, 90 = quatre-vingt-dix, 91 = quatre-vingt-onze, and 100 = cent. Practise saying dates and prices to build confidence.
70以上变得有趣：70 = soixante-dix（60+10），71 = soixante et onze，80 = quatre-vingts（4×20），81 = quatre-vingt-un，90 = quatre-vingt-dix，100 = cent。通过练习日期和价格来增强信心。
3. The Alphabet and Pronunciation | 字母与发音
The French alphabet shares 26 letters with English, but the sounds are often different. Learning the names of the letters aloud is a great starting point (a, bé, cé, dé …). Accents change the pronunciation and sometimes the meaning: é (accent aigu) gives a ‘ay’ sound; è, à, ù (accent grave) often indicate open vowels; ê, â, î (accent circonflexe) may show where an ‘s’ used to follow; ç (cédille) softens a hard ‘c’ into an ‘s’ sound before a, o, u.
法语字母表与英语一样有26个字母，但发音经常不同。大声朗读字母名称是一个很好的起点（a, bé, cé, dé……）。重音符号会改变发音，有时也会改变意思：é（闭音符）发 ‘ay’ 音；è, à, ù（开音符）通常表示开元音；ê, â, î（长音符）有时提示历史上这里曾有一个 ‘s’；ç（软音符）在 a, o, u 前将硬音 ‘c’ 变成 ‘s’ 音。
Silent letters are very common in French. The final consonants in words like ‘petit’, ‘grand’ (when not followed by a vowel) and ‘parlent’ are not pronounced. The letter ‘h’ is always silent, and final ‘e’ is usually not sounded.
不发音的字母在法语中很常见。如 ‘petit’、’grand’（后面不跟元音时）和 ‘parlent’ 词尾的辅音不发音。字母 ‘h’ 总是不发音，词尾的 ‘e’ 通常也不读音。
4. Colours and Descriptions | 颜色与描述
Adjectives in French must agree in gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural) with the noun they describe. Basic colours: bleu(e), rouge, jaune, vert(e), noir(e), blanc(he), violet(te), orange (does not change), marron (does not change). Generally, add an -e for the feminine (bleu → bleue), but be aware of irregular forms like blanc → blanche and violet → violette.
法语形容词必须与所修饰名词的性（阳性/阴性）和数（单数/复数）配合。基本颜色：蓝色、红色、黄色、绿色、黑色、白色、紫色、橙色（无变化）、棕色（无变化）。通常阴性加 -e（bleu → bleue），但要留意味异常形如 blanc → blanche 和 violet → violette。
To describe appearance, you’ll need ‘J’ai les cheveux …’ (I have … hair) and ‘J’ai les yeux …’ (I have … eyes). Hair: blonds, bruns, noirs, roux. Eyes: bleus, verts, marron (invariable), noisette. Remember plural nouns will take a plural adjective, usually by adding -s.
描述外貌需要用 ‘J’ai les cheveux …’ 和 ‘J’ai les yeux …’。头发：金色、棕色、黑色、红棕色。眼睛：蓝色、绿色、棕色（不变）、浅褐色。记住复数名词要求形容词也变复数，通常加 -s。
| Phrase | Translation |
| J’ai les cheveux blonds et longs. | I have long, blonde hair. |
| Il a les yeux marron et les cheveux courts. | He has brown eyes and short hair. |
5. Family and Pets | 家庭与宠物
Possessive adjectives help you talk about family: ‘mon père’ (my father), ‘ma mère’ (my mother), ‘mes parents’ (my parents), ‘mon frère’ (my brother), ‘ma sœur’ (my sister), ‘mes grands-parents’ (my grandparents). The choice between mon/ma/mes depends on the gender and number of the noun – use ‘mon’ before a masculine noun or a feminine noun starting with a vowel (like ‘mon amie’).
主有形容词帮助你谈论家庭：’mon père’、’ma mère’、’mes parents’、’mon frère’、’ma sœur’、’mes grands-parents’。选择 mon/ma/mes 取决于名词的性和数——阳性名词或元音开头的阴性名词前用 ‘mon’（如 ‘mon amie’）。
Pets are a favourite topic. ‘J’ai un chien’ (I have a dog), ‘J’ai un chat’ (a cat), ‘un lapin’ (a rabbit), ‘un hamster’, ‘un poisson rouge’ (goldfish). To say you have no pet, use ‘Je n’ai pas d’animal’ – note the ‘de’ (d’) after a negative.
宠物是大家都喜欢的话题。’J’ai un chien’、’J’ai un chat’、’un lapin’、’un hamster’、’un poisson rouge’。表示没有宠物用 ‘Je n’ai pas d’animal’——注意否定式后用 ‘de’ (d’)。
The verb ‘avoir’ (to have) is irregular and must be memorised:
动词 ‘avoir’（有）是不规则动词，必须熟记：
| j’ai | tu as | il/elle/on a | nous avons | vous avez | ils/elles ont |
6. School Subjects and Opinions | 学校科目与表达观点
School vocabulary is essential for everyday classroom talk. Core subjects: le français, l’anglais, les mathématiques (les maths), les sciences, l’histoire-géographie, la musique, l’éducation physique et sportive (l’EPS), la technologie, l’informatique, les arts plastiques.
学校词汇是日常课堂交流的关键。核心科目：法语、英语、数学、科学、历史地理、音乐、体育、技术、信息科学、美术。
To express opinions, use ‘J’aime’ (I like), ‘Je n’aime pas’ (I don’t like), ‘J’adore’ (I love), ‘Je déteste’ (I hate). Follow up with ‘parce que c’est’ + an adjective: intéressant, ennuyeux, difficile, facile, amusant, créatif. Example: ‘J’aime le dessin parce que c’est créatif.’
表达观点用 ‘J’aime’、’Je n’aime pas’、’J’adore’、’Je déteste’。接着说 ‘parce que c’est’ + 形容词：intéressant（有趣的）, ennuyeux（无聊的）, difficile（难的）, facile（容易的）, amusant（好玩的）, créatif（有创造力的）。例如：’J’aime le dessin parce que c’est créatif.’
Timetable phrases: ‘Le lundi, j’ai maths.’ (On Mondays, I have maths.) ‘Le mercredi après-midi, je n’ai pas cours.’ (On Wednesday afternoon, I don’t have lessons.) Definite articles (le, la, l’, les) are used before school subjects when stating a general preference.
课程表短语：’Le lundi, j’ai maths.’（
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