Year 7 Cambridge German: Summer Preview & Bridging Course | Year 7 Cambridge 德语:暑期预习与衔接课程

📚 Year 7 Cambridge German: Summer Preview & Bridging Course | Year 7 Cambridge 德语:暑期预习与衔接课程

Starting Year 7 German can be an exciting journey. This summer preview is designed to help you build a solid foundation before school begins. You will learn essential vocabulary, basic grammar, and cultural insights to feel confident in your first term.

开始学习 Year 7 德语是一段激动人心的旅程。这个暑期预习课程旨在帮助你在开学前打下扎实的基础。你将学习基本词汇、基础语法和文化知识,为第一学期的学习建立信心。


1. The German Alphabet & Pronunciation | 德语字母与发音

The German alphabet contains the same 26 letters as English, but with four special additions: the umlaut vowels ä, ö, ü and the sharp s, ß (called ‘Eszett’). Practising these sounds early will make reading and speaking much easier.

德语字母表包含与英语相同的 26 个字母,但还有四个特殊字符:变音元音 ä, ö, ü 和尖 s,ß(称为 ‘Eszett’)。尽早练习这些发音会让阅读和口语变得容易很多。

Listen carefully to the difference between short and long vowels, as they can change the meaning of a word. For example, ‘Hut‘ (hat) with a long u and ‘Hund‘ (dog) with a short u. The letter combination ‘ch‘ can be soft like in ‘ich‘ or hard like in ‘Buch‘.

仔细倾听长短元音之间的区别,因为它们会改变词义。例如,Hut(帽子)中长音 u 和 Hund(狗)中短音 u。字母组合 ‘ch‘ 在 ‘ich‘ 中发软音,在 ‘Buch‘ 中发硬音。

Use a German alphabet song or online audio to imitate native speakers. Focus on ö and ü by rounding your lips tightly – these sounds do not exist in English and need extra practice.

使用德语字母歌或在线音频模仿母语者的发音。重点练习 ö 和 ü,需要用力圆唇——这些音在英语中不存在,需要额外练习。


2. Greetings and Farewells | 问候与告别

Knowing how to greet people is your first real conversation skill. The most common greeting is ‘Hallo‘ (hello), but you can also say ‘Guten Morgen‘ (good morning), ‘Guten Tag‘ (good day), and ‘Guten Abend‘ (good evening) depending on the time of day.

学会如何打招呼是你第一个真正的对话技能。最常见的问候语是 ‘Hallo‘(你好),但你也可以根据时间说 ‘Guten Morgen‘(早上好)、’Guten Tag‘(你好)和 ‘Guten Abend‘(晚上好)。

In informal situations, friends often use ‘Hi‘, ‘Servus‘ (in southern Germany/Austria), or ‘Moin‘ (in northern Germany). To say goodbye, you can use ‘Tschüss‘ (bye), ‘Auf Wiedersehen‘ (goodbye, formal), or ‘Bis bald‘ (see you soon).

在非正式场合,朋友们常用 ‘Hi‘、’Servus‘(德国南部/奥地利)或 ‘Moin‘(德国北部)。道别时,你可以用 ‘Tschüss‘(再见)、’Auf Wiedersehen‘(再见,正式)或 ‘Bis bald‘(回头见)。

Practise saying these phrases aloud every morning. Try greeting your family in German – they might enjoy learning with you!

每天早晨大声练习这些短语。试着用德语问候家人——他们可能会喜欢和你一起学习!


3. Introducing Yourself | 自我介绍

When you meet someone, you want to say your name and ask for theirs. The key phrases are ‘Ich heiße…‘ (My name is…) or ‘Ich bin…‘ (I am…). To ask someone’s name, use ‘Wie heißt du?‘ (informal) or ‘Wie heißen Sie?‘ (formal).

当你遇见某人时,你想说出自己的名字并询问对方的名字。关键短语是 ‘Ich heiße…‘(我叫……)或 ‘Ich bin…‘(我是……)。询问他人名字时,用 ‘Wie heißt du?‘(非正式)或 ‘Wie heißen Sie?‘(正式)。

You can also add where you are from: ‘Ich komme aus England.‘ (I come from England.) and your age: ‘Ich bin elf Jahre alt.‘ (I am eleven years old.) Notice how the verb ‘heißen‘ changes to ‘heiße‘ for ‘ich’.

你还可以补充你来自哪里:’Ich komme aus England.‘(我来自英格兰。)以及你的年龄:’Ich bin elf Jahre alt.‘(我十一岁。)注意动词 ‘heißen‘ 在 ‘ich’ 后面变为 ‘heiße‘。

Create a short dialogue on paper or with a family member. Repeat it until it feels natural. This will be one of the first speaking tasks in your German class.

在纸上或与家人一起编写一段简短对话。反复练习直到自然流畅。这将是你德语课上的第一个口语任务之一。


4. Numbers and Age | 数字与年龄

Numbers are essential for giving your age, telling the time, and understanding prices. Start by learning 0–20: null, eins, zwei, drei, vier, fünf, sechs, sieben, acht, neun, zehn, elf, zwölf, dreizehn, vierzehn, fünfzehn, sechzehn, siebzehn, achtzehn, neunzehn, zwanzig.

数字对于说明年龄、报时和理解价格至关重要。从学习 0 到 20 开始:null, eins, zwei, drei, vier, fünf, sechs, sieben, acht, neun, zehn, elf, zwölf, dreizehn, vierzehn, fünfzehn, sechzehn, siebzehn, achtzehn, neunzehn, zwanzig。

Notice the pattern: after thirteen, you usually say the unit then add ‘zehn‘ (ten). For example, ‘vierzehn‘ is fourteen. Once you know these, you can form higher numbers like ‘einundzwanzig‘ (twenty-one) by using ‘und‘ which means ‘and’.

注意规律:13 以后通常先说个位再加 ‘zehn‘(十)。例如 ‘vierzehn‘ 就是十四。掌握这些以后,你就可以用 ‘und‘(意思是‘和’)构成更大的数字,如 ‘einundzwanzig‘(二十一)。

When saying your age, use ‘Ich bin … Jahre alt.‘ Practise by counting objects around your house and saying your family members’ ages in German.

说年龄时,用 ‘Ich bin … Jahre alt.‘。通过清点家中物品并用德语说出家人年龄的方式来练习。


5. Colours and Simple Adjectives | 颜色与简单形容词

Describing things with colours and simple adjectives makes your German more interesting. The basic colours are: rot (red), blau (blue), grün (green), gelb (yellow), schwarz (black), weiß (white), braun (brown), orange, lila (purple), rosa (pink), grau (grey).

用颜色和简单形容词描述事物能让你的德语更有趣。基本颜色有:rot(红),blau(蓝),grün(绿),gelb(黄),schwarz(黑),weiß(白),braun(棕),orange,lila(紫),rosa(粉),grau(灰)。

Adjectives in German usually come before a noun and they change their endings depending on the gender and case of the noun. But in Year 7, you can start by just placing them before the noun: ‘Das ist ein blaues Auto.‘ (That is a blue car.)

德语形容词通常位于名词之前,并根据名词的性和格发生变化。但在 Year 7,你可以先只用形容词加名词:’Das ist ein blaues Auto.‘(那是一辆蓝色汽车。)

Learn some opposite adjectives too: groß / klein (big/small), lang / kurz (long/short), warm / kalt (warm/cold). Ask yourself: ‘Wie ist das Wetter heute?‘ (How is the weather today?) and answer ‘Es ist warm.

也学习一些反义形容词:groß / klein(大/小),lang / kurz(长/短),warm / kalt(暖和/冷)。问自己:’Wie ist das Wetter heute?‘(今天天气怎么样?)并回答 ‘Es ist warm.‘(天气暖和。)


6. Family Members | 家庭成员

Talking about family is a favourite topic in Year 7. Key words include: die Mutter (mother), der Vater (father), die Schwester (sister), der Bruder (brother), die Großmutter (grandmother), der Großvater (grandfather), die Tante (aunt), der Onkel (uncle).

谈论家庭是 Year 7 最喜欢的话题之一。关键词包括:die Mutter(母亲),der Vater(父亲),die Schwester(姐妹),der Bruder(兄弟),die Großmutter(祖母),der Großvater(祖父),die Tante(阿姨),der Onkel(叔叔)。

In German, every noun has a gender: masculine (der), feminine (die) or neuter (das). It is very important to learn the article together with the noun. For example, always learn ‘der Bruder‘, not just ‘Bruder‘.

在德语中,每个名词都有性别:阳性(der)、阴性(die)或中性(das)。把冠词和名词一起记住非常重要。例如,始终学习 ‘der Bruder‘,而不是只学 ‘Bruder‘。

You can also say ‘Ich habe einen Bruder.‘ (I have one brother.) or ‘Ich habe zwei Schwestern.‘ (I have two sisters.) Practise by drawing a simple family tree and labelling each person in German.

你还可以说 ‘Ich habe einen Bruder.‘(我有一个哥哥。)或 ‘Ich habe zwei Schwestern.‘(我有两个姐姐。)画一张简单的家族树并用德语标注每个人来练习。


7. School Life & Classroom Phrases | 学校生活和课堂用语

You will spend a lot of time in the classroom, so learning these phrases early is very useful. Common objects: der Tisch (table), der Stuhl (chair), das Buch (book), das Heft (exercise book), der Kuli (pen), der Bleistift (pencil).

你将长时间待在教室,因此尽早学习这些短语非常有用。常见物品:der Tisch(桌子),der Stuhl(椅子),das Buch(书),das Heft(练习本),der Kuli(圆珠笔),der Bleistift(铅笔)。

Classroom instructions you will hear often: ‘Setzt euch!‘ (Sit down!), ‘Hört zu!‘ (Listen!), ‘Macht das Buch auf!‘ (Open the book!), and ‘Meldet euch!‘ (Put your hands up!). Try to respond physically to these commands.

经常听到的课堂指令:’Setzt euch!‘(坐下!),’Hört zu!‘(听!),’Macht das Buch auf!‘(打开书!),以及 ‘Meldet euch!‘(举手!)。试着用动作回应这些指令。

Questions you might need to ask: ‘Darf ich auf die Toilette gehen?‘ (May I go to the toilet?), ‘Wie sagt man … auf Deutsch?‘ (How do you say … in German?), and ‘Ich verstehe das nicht.‘ (I don’t understand that.)

你可能需要问的问题:’Darf ich auf die Toilette gehen?‘(我可以去厕所吗?),’Wie sagt man … auf Deutsch?‘(……用德语怎么说?)以及 ‘Ich verstehe das nicht.‘(我不明白。)


8. Basic Verbs: sein and haben | 基础动词: sein 和 haben

Two of the most important verbs are ‘sein‘ (to be) and ‘haben‘ (to have). In Year 7 you need to know their present tense forms. Here is a quick table:

两个最重要的动词是 ‘sein‘(是)和 ‘haben‘(有)。在 Year 7,你需要掌握它们现在时的形式。下面是一个简表:

Pronoun sein haben
ich bin habe
du bist hast
er/sie/es ist hat
wir sind haben
ihr seid habt
sie/Sie sind haben

This table shows how the verb changes depending on the subject. Make a habit of chanting these forms: ‘ich bin, du bist, er ist…‘ until they stick.

这个表格显示了动词如何根据主语发生变化。养成吟诵这些形式的习惯:’ich bin, du bist, er ist…‘,直到记住为止。

Use these verbs to build simple sentences. ‘Ich bin müde.‘ (I am tired.), ‘Du hast ein Buch.‘ (You have a book.), ‘Wir haben Hunger.‘ (We are hungry.) Notice ‘Hunger haben‘ means ‘to be hungry’, not a literal translation.

用这些动词造简单句。’Ich bin müde.‘(我累了。),’Du hast ein Buch.‘(你有一本书。),’Wir haben Hunger.‘(我们饿了。)注意 ‘Hunger haben‘ 意思是‘饿了’,不是字面翻译。


9. Food and Drinks | 食物与饮料

Learning food words is fun and practical. Start with breakfast items: das Brot (bread), die Butter (butter), die Marmelade (jam), das Ei (egg), der Käse (cheese), das Müsli (muesli). Drinks: das Wasser (water), die Milch (milk), der Saft (juice), der Tee (tea).

学习食物单词既有趣又实用。从早餐食物开始:das Brot(面包),die Butter(黄油),die Marmelade(果酱),das Ei(鸡蛋),der Käse(奶酪),das Müsli(麦片)。饮料:das Wasser(水),die Milch(牛奶),der Saft(果汁),der Tee(茶)。

You can express likes using ‘Ich mag‘ (I like) or ‘Ich esse gern‘ (I like to eat) and ‘Ich trinke gern‘ (I like to drink). For example, ‘Ich mag Schokolade.‘ (I like chocolate.) or ‘Ich trinke gern Apfelsaft.‘ (I like to drink apple juice.)

你可以用 ‘Ich mag‘(我喜欢)或 ‘Ich esse gern‘(我喜欢吃)和 ‘Ich trinke gern‘(我喜欢喝)来表达喜好。例如,’Ich mag Schokolade.‘(我喜欢巧克力。)或 ‘Ich trinke gern Apfelsaft.‘(我喜欢喝苹果汁。)

Try to read German food labels if you have any at home, or look up a German menu online. Notice the word ‘Brezel‘ (pretzel) and ‘Kuchen‘ (cake) – a little taste of culture!

如果家里有德语食品标签,试着读一读;或者在网上查找德语菜单。注意 ‘Brezel‘(椒盐卷饼)和 ‘Kuchen‘(蛋糕)这两个词——一点文化体验!


10. Germany and Culture: Fun Facts & Summer Challenge | 德国与文化:趣味事实与暑期挑战

Germany is a country rich in traditions. Did you know that there are over 1,500 types of sausages (Wurst) and that Germans love bread? Also, the first printed book was created by Johannes Gutenberg, a German inventor.

德国是一个传统丰富的国家。你知道吗,德国有超过 1500 种香肠(Wurst),而且德国人热爱面包?此外,第一本印刷书籍是由德国发明家约翰内斯·古腾堡制作的。

In Year 7, you might celebrate events like Oktoberfest in class or learn about the Berlin Wall. Music and cars are also part of German culture. Many English words come from German, like ‘kindergarten’ and ‘hamburger’.

在 Year 7,你可能会在课堂上庆祝慕尼黑啤酒节等活动,或者学习柏林墙的知识。音乐和汽车也是德国文化的一部分。许多英语单词来自德语,比如 ‘kindergarten’ 和 ‘hamburger’。

Summer Challenge: Pick one German-speaking YouTuber or children’s song and listen for five minutes each day. Write down three new words you hear. You could also try cooking a simple German dish like ‘Kartoffelpuffer’ (potato pancakes) with a recipe in English and German.

暑期挑战:挑选一位德语 YouTuber 或一首儿童歌曲,每天听五分钟。写下你听到的三个新词。你也可以尝试用英德双语食谱制作一道简单的德国菜,比如 ‘Kartoffelpuffer’(土豆煎饼)。

Published by TutorHao | German Revision Series | aleveler.com

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