📚 Year 7 Cambridge Media: Key Vocabulary Memory Guide | 七年级剑桥媒体：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your quick-fire memory guide for Year 7 Cambridge Media. Whether you are analysing a film clip, a poster, or a short advertisement, having the right terms at your fingertips helps you sound like a true media student. This article breaks down essential terminology into ten bite-sized sections, each with easy definitions and memory hooks. Read it once to get the idea and twice to lock the words into your long-term memory.
欢迎使用七年级剑桥媒体快速记忆指南。无论是分析电影片段、海报还是短视频广告，掌握正确的术语都能让你像个真正的媒体研究者。本文把核心词汇拆分成十个小节，每个术语都配有简洁的定义和记忆小窍门。读一遍理解概念，再读一遍把这些词牢牢刻进长期记忆。
1. Camera Shots | 镜头景别
Extreme Long Shot (ELS): A shot that shows the subject from a great distance, often used to establish location. Think ‘Everything Looks Small’ to recall that the figure is tiny in the frame.
远景 (ELS)：从极远处拍摄被摄对象，常用于交代环境。记住“远景看全局”，人物在画面中显得十分渺小。
Long Shot (LS): The whole body of the subject is visible, along with the surrounding setting. It gives a full view of action and background.
全景 (LS)：被摄对象全身可见，同时展示周围环境，能完整呈现动作与背景。
Medium Shot (MS): Frames the subject from the waist up. This is the most common shot for dialogue, as it balances character and surroundings.
中景 (MS)：从腰部以上框取画面，是对话中最常用的景别，平衡了人物与场景的关系。
Close-up (CU): Tightly frames a person’s face or an object, magnifying emotions or details. Remember ‘CU = Close to U’, because it brings you face to face with the subject.
特写 (CU)：紧密框取人物面部或物体，放大情绪与细节。记法：“特写贴近你”，让你直接面对被摄对象。
Extreme Close-up (ECU): Focuses on a very small area, such as an eye or a key prop, creating intensity. Think ‘ECU = Extremely Close Understanding’ of the detail.
大特写 (ECU)：把注意力集中到极小的区域，例如一只眼睛或关键道具，营造紧张感。可以记作“大特写，看透细节”。
Over-the-shoulder Shot (OTS): Shot taken from behind one character, focusing on what they are looking at. It makes the viewer feel part of a conversation.
过肩镜头 (OTS)：从一名角色肩后拍摄，聚焦其视线对象，让观众仿佛参与了对话。
2. Camera Angles | 摄影角度
Eye-level Shot: Camera placed at the character’s eye height, creating a neutral, realistic viewpoint. It feels like we are standing right there with them.
平视镜头：相机与被摄对象眼睛同高，提供中立、逼真的视角，仿佛我们正站在他们身旁。
High-angle Shot: The camera looks down on the subject, making the subject appear small, weak, or vulnerable. Recall ‘High angle = High power over the character’.
俯拍镜头：相机向下拍摄，使被摄对象显得渺小、软弱或易受伤害。记住“俯拍显弱小”。
Low-angle Shot: The camera looks up at the subject, giving a sense of power, authority, or threat. Think ‘Low angle = Low person looks up to the mighty’.
仰拍镜头：相机仰视被摄对象，营造出强大、权威或具威胁感。记法：“仰拍显高大”。
Dutch Angle (Canted Angle): The camera is deliberately tilted so the horizon line is slanted. It signals unease, confusion, or psychological tension.
倾斜镜头（德式斜角）：相机有意倾斜，使水平线歪斜，传递不安、混乱或心理紧张。
Bird’s-eye View: An extreme high shot taken from directly above, often used to suggest surveillance or provide a map-like overview.
鸟瞰镜头：正上方的极高角度俯拍，常用于暗示监视或提供地图式的全貌。
Point-of-view Shot (POV): The camera shows exactly what a character sees, putting the audience directly in that character’s position.
主观镜头 (POV)：相机展示角色所看到的一切，让观众直接代入角色的视角。
3. Camera Movements | 摄影机运动
Pan: The camera swivels horizontally from a fixed position, like shaking your head ‘no’. It is often used to follow action or scan a landscape.
摇摄：相机在固定位置水平转动，如同摇头说“不”，常用于追踪动作或扫视场景。
Tilt: The camera moves vertically up or down from a fixed spot, similar to nodding your head. It can reveal the height of a building or a character’s full outfit.
俯仰摇摄：相机在固定位置上、下转动，像点头一样，能展现建筑物的高度或角色的全身装扮。
Dolly (Tracking) Shot: The entire camera moves forwards or backwards on a track, smoothly following a subject. Say ‘Dolly drives you closer’ to remember it.
推拉镜头：整台相机沿轨道前后移动，平稳地跟随被摄对象。记作“推近拉远靠轨道”。
Zoom: The lens changes focal length to make the subject appear larger or smaller, without moving the camera. It feels like quickly jumping in or out of the scene.
变焦：镜头焦距变化，不移动相机而使对象放大或缩小，效果类似快速跳入或跳出场景。
Crane Shot: The camera is mounted on a crane, allowing it to rise high above the set or swoop down, often used for dramatic opening shots.
升降镜头：相机装在升降机上，可升高鸟瞰或俯冲向下，常用于富有戏剧性的开场镜头。
Handheld Shot: The camera operator holds the camera, producing a shaky, informal look that suggests urgency, documentary style, or chaos.
手持镜头：摄影师手持相机拍摄，产生摇晃的纪实感，传递紧迫感或混乱氛围。
4. Editing Techniques | 剪辑技巧
Cut: The most basic edit where one shot instantly replaces another. It moves the story forward without distraction.
切：最基本的剪辑方式，一个镜头瞬时切换为另一个，干净利落地推进故事。
Fade In / Fade Out: A gradual transition from black to an image (fade in) or from an image to black (fade out). It often signals the start or end of a scene.
淡入 / 淡出：画面从黑色逐渐显现（淡入）或逐渐变为黑色（淡出），常表示场景的开始或结束。
Dissolve: One shot smoothly blends into the next, with the two images momentarily overlapping. It can show the passing of time or a connection between two scenes.
叠化：一个镜头平缓地融入下一个，两幅画面短暂重叠，可表现时间流逝或场景间的联系。
Cross-cutting: The editor alternates between two or more scenes happening at the same time in different places, building suspense. Think ‘cross-cutting = crossing between parallel actions’.
交叉剪辑：在同时发生、不同地点的多个场景之间来回切换，制造紧张感。记作“跨场景同步叙述”。
Match Cut: A cut that links two shots through a visual similarity, such as a moon turning into a clock. It creates a sense of continuity or metaphor.
匹配剪辑：通过视觉上的相似事物将两个镜头连接，如月亮化为时钟，营造连贯性或隐喻。
Jump Cut: An abrupt cut that skips forward in time, often jarring the viewer. It breaks the smooth flow and is used for energetic or experimental effects.
跳切：突然跳过一段时间的剪辑，让观众感到突兀，打破流畅感，用于制造活力或实验效果。
5. Sound Design | 声音设计
Diegetic Sound: Any sound that originates from within the story world, such as characters talking, a door slamming, or music playing from a radio. The characters can hear it too.
叙事内声音：来自故事世界内部的声音，如角色对话、摔门声或收音机里的音乐，故事中的人物也能听到。
Non-diegetic Sound: Sound added for the audience’s benefit only; characters cannot hear it. Examples include background scores and voiceovers.
非叙事内声音：只为观众添加的声音，角色听不见，例如背景配乐和旁白。
Sound Effect (SFX): Artificially created or enhanced sounds used to emphasise actions, such as footsteps, explosions, or magical swooshes.
音效 (SFX)：人工创造或增强的声音，用来强调动作，如脚步声、爆炸声或魔法飞过的咻咻声。
Ambient Sound: Background noise that helps set the scene’s atmosphere, like birdsong in a forest or distant traffic in a city.
环境音：构建场景氛围的背景声音，比如林间鸟鸣或城市远处车流声。
Score: Original instrumental music composed specifically for a film or media text. The score guides the audience’s emotional response.
配乐：专为影片或媒体作品创作的原创器乐，引导观众的情绪反应。
Voiceover: Narration added during post-production, often providing insight into a character’s thoughts or giving information the dialogue cannot.
旁白：后期添加的叙述，常揭示角色的内心想法或提供对话无法传达的信息。
6. Lighting | 灯光
High-key Lighting: Bright, even illumination with few shadows, creating a cheerful or open mood. Often used in sitcoms and romantic comedies.
高调光：明亮均匀的光线，几乎没有阴影，营造欢乐、开放的基调，常见于情景喜剧和浪漫喜剧。
Low-key Lighting: Dominated by deep shadows and high contrast, producing a moody, mysterious, or threatening atmosphere. Think of film noir or horror scenes.
低调光：深色阴影与高对比度为主，产生阴郁、神秘或危险的氛围，常见于黑色电影或恐怖片。
Key Light: The main light source that shines directly on the subject, defining the overall look and highlighting the face.
主光：直接照射被摄对象的主要光源，决定整体光线效果并突出面部。
Fill Light: A softer light used to reduce harsh shadows created by the key light, bringing out details in the shadow areas.
补光：较柔和的辅助光源，用来减弱主光造成的生硬阴影，让暗部细节显现出来。
Backlighting: Light placed behind the subject, separating it from the background. It can create a silhouette or a glowing halo effect.
逆光：从被摄对象后方打来的光，使其与背景分离，可制造剪影或光晕效果。
Rim Light: A backlight that creates a thin rim of illumination around the subject’s edges, making them stand out sharply from the background.
轮廓光：一种逆光，在被摄对象边缘形成一圈细细的光边，使其从背景中鲜明地突显出来。
7. Mise-en-scène | 场面调度
Mise-en-scène: A French term meaning ‘placing on stage’. It covers everything visible
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