📚 Year 7 Cambridge PE: Answering Techniques and Marking Criteria | Year 7 Cambridge 体育：答题技巧与评分标准
Mastering exam technique is just as important as knowing the content in Year 7 Cambridge Physical Education. Understanding how marks are awarded and what examiners look for will help you turn your knowledge into top scores. This guide explains the key marking criteria and provides practical strategies for answering questions effectively.
掌握答题技巧与了解知识内容同等重要，在七年级剑桥体育课程中也是如此。了解评分方式以及考官关注的重点，能帮助你将自己的知识转化为高分。本指南解释了关键的评分标准，并提供了有效回答问题的实用策略。
1. Understanding Question Types | 理解问题类型
Cambridge Year 7 PE assessments often include short-answer questions worth 1–2 marks, where you simply need to recall a fact or definition.
剑桥七年级体育评估常包含1-2分的简答题，你只需回忆一个事实或定义。
Longer structured questions worth 4–6 marks require you to describe, explain or evaluate a concept, often in the context of a sporting scenario.
4-6分的结构化长问题要求你描述、解释或评价一个概念，通常结合运动情景。
Multiple-choice questions test your ability to identify correct answers from several options, and they are often used to check basic knowledge.
选择题测试你从多个选项中识别正确答案的能力，通常用于检查基础知识。
2. Command Words and What They Mean | 命令词及其含义
To answer questions correctly, you must first interpret the command word. The table below lists common command words you will see, along with what each expects you to do.
要正确回答问题，你必须首先解读命令词。下表列出了你会看到的常见命令词，以及每个命令词要求你做什么。
| Command Word | What It Means | 中文解释 |
|---|---|---|
| Describe | Give a detailed account of what something is like; do not give reasons. | 描述某事物是什么样的；不陈述原因。 |
| Explain | Give reasons for how or why something happens; use “because”. | 解释某事发生的方式或原因；使用“因为”。 |
| Evaluate | Consider strengths and weaknesses, then make a justified judgement. | 考虑优缺点，然后做出有理有据的判断。 |
| Identify / State | Give a brief answer without explanation; name or list. | 给出简要答案，无需解释；说出或列出。 |
| Compare | Show similarities and differences between two or more things. | 显示两个或多个事物之间的相似点和不同点。 |
Memorising these command words and practising how to respond to each will immediately improve the relevance of your answers.
记住这些命令词并练习如何回应每一种，会立刻提高你答案的相关性。
3. Knowledge and Recall (AO1): Show What You Know | 知识回忆（AO1）：展示你知道的内容
Assessment Objective 1 (AO1) rewards you for recalling facts, definitions and key principles accurately. You must give precise information straight from the syllabus.
评估目标1（AO1）奖励你准确回忆事实、定义和关键原则。你必须直接给出教学大纲中的精确信息。
For example, a typical AO1 answer might be: “Cardiovascular endurance is the ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles during sustained physical activity.”
例如，一个典型的AO1答案可能是：“心血管耐力是心脏和肺部在持续体力活动期间向工作肌肉供氧的能力。”
You may be asked to list components of fitness: speed, agility, balance, coordination, reaction time, power, cardiovascular endurance and muscular strength. Learn these categories.
你可能会被要求列出体能要素：速度、敏捷、平衡、协调、反应时间、爆发力、心血管耐力和肌肉力量。学习这些类别。
Spelling matters for AO1. Write key terms like “respiration”, “carbohydrate” and “agility” several times so they become automatic.
书写对AO1很重要。多次书写“呼吸”、“碳水化合物”和“敏捷”等关键术语，使它们成为惯性书写。
4. Application (AO2): Put Theory into Practice | 应用（AO2）：将理论实际运用
AO2 questions present a sporting scenario and ask you to use your knowledge in that context. You are not just recalling facts; you are linking them to a specific athlete or situation.
AO2问题提供一个运动情景，要求你在该情景中运用知识。你不只是回忆事实，而是将其与特定的运动员或情况联系起来。
For instance: “A long-distance runner wants to improve her performance. Explain how she could use the FITT principle.” You must mention frequency, intensity, time and type of training and connect them to the runner’s needs.
例如：“一名长跑运动员想提高成绩。解释她如何运用FITT原则。”你必须提到训练的频率、强度、时间和类型，并将其与跑步者的需求联系起来。
Always use linking phrases such as “this means that”, “because”, or “so that” to demonstrate the cause-and-effect relationship. Do not just define FITT; show how altering intensity will improve the runner’s VO₂ max.
始终使用连接短语，如“这意味着”、“因为”或“以便”，以展示因果关系。不要只定义FITT；要展示改变强度将如何提高跑步者的最大摄氧量。
A strong AO2 answer might add: “Increasing the frequency of training sessions from three to four times per week will develop her aerobic base, so she can maintain a faster pace for longer.”
一个强的AO2答案可能会补充：“将训练频率从每周三次增加到四次将发展她的有氧基础，因此她能更长时间保持更快的速度。”
5. Evaluation (AO3): Make Informed Judgements | 评价（AO3）：做出明智的判断
AO3 is about weighing up options and giving a supported judgement. You need to discuss advantages and disadvantages, then conclude which option is better and why.
AO3要求权衡各种选择并给出有支持的判断。你需要讨论优缺点，然后总结哪个选项更好及理由。
For example, when comparing circuit training and continuous training for a footballer, you could say: “Circuit training develops both strength and cardiovascular fitness, which is useful for football. However, continuous training is less effective for developing the explosive power needed for sprinting.”
例如，在比较足球运动员的循环训练和持续训练时，你可以说：“循环训练同时发展力量和心血管适能，这对足球很有用。然而，持续训练对发展冲刺所需的爆发力效果较差。”
Then add a final evaluative statement: “Therefore, circuit training would be more beneficial for a footballer because it mimics the intermittent nature of the game.”
然后加上最终的评判断言：“因此，循环训练对足球运动员更有益，因为它模拟了比赛的间歇性特征。”
Use evaluative phrases like “more effective than”, “the biggest advantage is”, “a possible drawback is”, and “overall, the evidence suggests”.
使用评价性短语，如“比……更有效”、“最大的优点是”、“一个可能的缺点是”和“总体而言，证据表明”。
6. Structuring Long Answers with P.E.E.L. | 使用P.E.E.L.结构组织长答案
The P.E.E.L. method helps you write clear, logical paragraphs that examiners find easy to follow. It stands for Point, Evidence, Explanation and Link.
P.E.E.L.方法帮助你写出考官易于理解的清晰、合乎逻辑的段落。它代表观点、证据、解释和联系。
Point: Start with a clear statement that directly answers the question. For example, “The FITT principle can be applied to improve a swimmer’s cardiovascular endurance.”
观点：以一个直接回答问题的清晰陈述开始。例如，“FITT原则可用于提高游泳运动员的心血管耐力。”
Evidence: Give a specific example from sport or the scenario. “The swimmer could increase the time of each session from 45 minutes to 60 minutes.”
证据：给出运动或情景中的具体例子。“游泳运动员可以将每次训练的时间从45分钟增加到60分钟。”
Explanation: Explain how and why this evidence supports your point. “This longer duration will place the heart and lungs under sustained stress, stimulating adaptations that improve stroke volume.”
解释：解释这个证据如何以及为什么支持你的观点。“更长的持续时间将使心脏和肺部承受持续压力，刺激提高每搏输出量的适应。”
Link: Tie your explanation back to the question or the overall evaluation. “As a result, the swimmer will be able to maintain a high pace throughout a 400-metre race.”
联系：将你的解释与问题或整体评价联系起来。“因此，游泳运动员将能在400米比赛中全程保持高速。”
7. Using Key PE Vocabulary | 使用关键体育词汇
Examiners expect you to use technical language appropriate for Year 7 PE. Instead of everyday words, choose precise sport science terms whenever possible.
考官希望你能使用适合七年级体育的专业语言。尽可能选择精确的运动科学术语，而不是日常用语。
For example, replace “tired muscles” with “muscular fatigue”, and “getting faster” with “increasing speed” or “improving acceleration”.
例如，用“肌肉疲劳”代替“肌肉累”，用“提高速度”或“改善加速度”代替“变快”。
Terms like “aerobic endurance”, “flexibility”, “progressive overload”, “recovery time” and “skill-related fitness” should appear naturally in your writing.
像“有氧耐力”、“柔韧性”、“渐进超负荷”、“恢复时间”和“技能相关适能”等术语应该自然地出现在你的写作中。
Make a glossary list for each topic—for example, skeletal system words: femur, cartilage, ligament, joint—and practise spelling them correctly.
为每个主题制作一个词汇表——例如，骨骼系统词汇：股骨、软骨、韧带、关节——并练习正确书写。
8. Interpreting Data and Graphs | 解读数据与图表
Some questions will include a table, bar chart or line graph showing data such as heart rate changes, sprint times or training loads. You must describe what the data shows and then explain the reasons.
有些问题会包含表格、条形图或折线图，显示心率变化、短跑时间或训练负荷等数据。你必须描述数据所展示的内容，然后解释原因。
Start by identifying the overall trend: “In the graph, heart rate increases steadily during the first ten minutes of exercise.”
首先确定总体趋势：“在图表中，心率在运动的前十分钟内稳步上升。”
Then explain the physiological cause: “This happens because the muscles require more oxygen, so the heart pumps faster to deliver oxygenated blood.”
然后解释生理原因：“这是因为肌肉需要更多氧气，所以心脏泵血更快以输送含氧血液。”
Always quote specific data figures to support your answer. For example, “At minute 10, the heart rate reached 155 bpm, which is within the aerobic training zone for a 12-year-old.”
始终引用具体数据来支持你的答案。例如，“第10分钟时心率达到155次/分钟，这处于12岁青少年的有氧训练区间内。”
Avoid vague statements like “the line goes up”. Be precise and use units where given (bpm, seconds, kilograms).
避免模糊的陈述，如“线上升”。要精确，并在给出单位（bpm、秒、公斤）时使用它们。
9. Time Management and Exam Strategy | 时间管理与考试策略
Good exam technique starts with effective time management. Read the whole paper quickly before writing anything to understand the demands.
良好的考试技巧始于有效的时间管理。在动笔前快速阅读整份试卷，以了解要求。
As a general rule, aim to spend about 1 minute per mark. For a 2-mark question, allocate 2 minutes; for a 6-mark question, give yourself at least 6 minutes.
一般原则是，每1分花大约1分钟。2分题分配2分钟；6分题至少给自己6分钟。
Answer the questions you find easiest first to build confidence and secure early marks. Then move to the trickier, higher-mark questions.
先回答你认为最容易的问题，建立信心并锁定早期分数。然后转向较难、分值较高的问题。
Never leave a question blank. Even if you are unsure, write something relevant: a definition, a linking phrase or part of an evaluation could pick up a mark.
绝不要留白。即使你不确定，也写一些相关的内容：一个定义、一个连接短语或部分评价都可能得分。
Keep an eye on the clock, and leave two minutes at the end to read through your answers and correct any obvious spelling or factual errors.
注意时间，并在最后留出两分钟通读答案，纠正明显的拼写或事实错误。
10. Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them | 常见错误及如何避免
One of the most frequent errors is misreading the command word: many students only describe when the question asks them to explain. Always circle the command word before you start writing.
最常见的错误之一是误读命令词：当问题要求解释时，许多学生只是描述。开始写作前务必圈出命令词。
Another pitfall is listing points without linking them to the question scenario. For longer answers, simply listing definitions will restrict you to AO1 marks. Always connect your ideas back to the athlete or sport mentioned.
另一个陷阱是列出要点而不将其与问题情景联系。对于较长的答案，仅仅列出定义会将你的分数限制在AO1。始终将你的想法与提到的运动员或运动联系起来。
Some students forget to use the key vocabulary from the topic, opting for informal language instead. Check your answer and replace any non-technical words with the correct PE terms.
有些学生忘记使用该主题的关键词汇，而选择非正式语言。检查你的答案，用正确的体育术语替换任何非技术性词语。
Finally, do not repeat the same point in different words simply to fill space. Examiners recognise this and it wastes time. Make each sentence add something new.
最后，不要用不同的措辞重复同一个观点，仅仅为了填满空间。考官能识别这一点，且浪费时间。让每一句话都增加新内容。
Published by TutorHao | Physical Education Revision Series | aleveler.com
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