📚 Year 7 Cambridge Physical Education: Vocabulary and Terminology Quick Memorization Guide | 剑桥Year 7体育：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the language of sport and exercise is the first step to becoming a confident performer and analyst. This guide breaks down essential Year 7 Cambridge PE terms into thematic groups, helping you learn faster by association and repetition. Use the paired English-Chinese paragraphs, and try saying each term aloud while performing the action to strengthen memory.
掌握运动与锻炼的语言是成为自信的运动员和分析者的第一步。本指南将剑桥Year 7体育核心术语按主题分组，通过联想与重复助你加速记忆。结合中英对照段落，边做动作边朗读每个术语，可以强化记忆效果。
1. Basic Movement Verbs | 基本动作动词
Every sport builds on a set of fundamental movements. ‘Run’ involves rapid leg movements to move quickly, while ‘jump’ means pushing off the ground with both or one foot to gain height or distance. ‘Throw’ sends an object away using arm force, ‘catch’ secures it with hands, ‘kick’ strikes with the foot, ‘hit’ uses a hand or implement, and ‘dodge’ means to avoid an opponent or object with a quick sideways move.
每项运动都建立在一套基本动作之上。“Run”是用腿快速移动，“jump”指用双脚或单脚推离地面以获得高度或距离。“Throw”是用手臂力量将物体送出，“catch”是用手接住，“kick”用脚击打，“hit”用手或器具击打，“dodge”则是快速侧移躲避对手或物体。
- Run – 跑
- Jump – 跳
- Throw – 投，掷
- Catch – 接，抓
- Kick – 踢
- Hit – 击打
- Dodge – 闪避
2. Body Parts & Muscles | 身体部位与肌肉
Knowing the names of body parts helps you follow instructions and prevent injury. Key parts include ‘shoulders’, ‘hips’, ‘knees’, and ‘ankles’. Muscles like ‘biceps’ (front of upper arm), ‘triceps’ (back of upper arm), ‘abdominals’ (stomach), ‘quadriceps’ (front thigh), and ‘hamstrings’ (back thigh) are frequently activated. Recognising these helps you target workouts and understand coach feedback.
了解身体部位名称有助于你听从指令并预防受伤。关键部位有肩膀、髋部、膝盖和脚踝。肌肉如二头肌（上臂前侧）、三头肌（上臂后侧）、腹肌（腹部）、股四头肌（大腿前侧）和腘绳肌（大腿后侧）经常被用到。认识它们能让你有针对性地训练，并理解教练的反馈。
| Shoulders – 肩 | Hips – 髋 |
| Biceps – 肱二头肌 | Triceps – 肱三头肌 |
| Abdominals – 腹肌 | Quadriceps – 股四头肌 |
| Hamstrings – 腘绳肌 | Knees – 膝 |
3. Sports Equipment | 运动器材
Equipment terms vary by sport but repeat across activities. ‘Bat’ is used in cricket and baseball, ‘racket’ in tennis and badminton, and ‘stick’ in hockey. ‘Ball’ is universal, while ‘net’ appears in tennis, volleyball, and badminton. ‘Goal’ is the target in football and hockey, ‘hoop’ in basketball, and ‘helmet’ protects the head in cycling and cricket. Learning these helps you set up quickly and play safely.
器材术语因运动而异，但在多项活动中重复出现。“Bat”用于板球和棒球，“racket”用于网球和羽毛球，“stick”用于曲棍球。“Ball”是通用的，“net”出现在网球、排球和羽毛球中。“Goal”是足球和曲棍球的目标，“hoop”是篮球的篮筐，“helmet”则在自行车和板球中保护头部。学会这些能帮你快速准备并安全地运动。
- Ball – 球
- Racket – 球拍
- Bat – 板球棒/棒球棒
- Net – 网
- Goal – 球门
- Helmet – 头盔
4. Team Sports Vocabulary | 团队运动词汇
In invasion games like football and basketball, ‘pass’ means giving the ball to a teammate, ‘dribble’ is controlling the ball while moving, ‘tackle’ is trying to take the ball from an opponent, and ‘shoot’ is attempting to score. ‘Defend’ protects your goal, while ‘attack’ moves towards the opponent’s goal. ‘Marking’ is guarding a specific opponent, and ‘offside’ is a rule that prevents attackers from gaining an unfair position.
在足球、篮球等攻防游戏中，“pass”是将球传给队友，“dribble”是移动中控球，“tackle”是试图从对手脚下抢球，“shoot”是尝试得分。“Defend”保护自己的球门，“attack”向对方球门推进。“Marking”是盯防特定对手，“offside”则是防止进攻方获得不公平位置的规则。
Offside rule: attacker closer to goal than the second-last defender when ball is played → 越位规则：传球瞬间，接球队员比倒数第二名防守队员更靠近对方球门
5. Health & Fitness Terms | 健康与健身术语
‘Warm-up’ prepares your body with gentle exercise before activity, and ‘cool-down’ helps recovery afterwards. ‘Stamina’ is the ability to keep going for a long time, ‘flexibility’ is the range of movement in a joint, ‘strength’ is how much force a muscle can produce, and ‘endurance’ is similar to stamina but often applied to specific muscles. ‘Heart rate’ is the number of heartbeats per minute; knowing it helps monitor exercise intensity.
“Warm-up”是在运动前用温和的练习为身体做准备，“cool-down”则帮助运动后恢复。“Stamina”是长时间持续运动的能力，“flexibility”是关节的活动范围，“strength”是肌肉产生的力量大小，“endurance”与stamina相似，但多用于特定肌群。“Heart rate”是每分钟心跳次数，了解它能帮助监控运动强度。
- Warm-up – 热身
- Cool-down – 整理放松
- Stamina – 耐力
- Flexibility – 柔韧性
- Strength – 力量
- Heart rate – 心率
6. Game Rules & Officiating | 比赛规则与裁判
A ‘referee’ or ‘umpire’ controls the game and enforces rules. A ‘foul’ is an illegal action, leading to a ‘free kick’ or ‘penalty’. ‘Yellow card’ is a warning, ‘red card’ means ejection. In cricket, ‘run out’ and ‘LBW’ (leg before wicket) are dismissals. ‘Score’ simply means the points earned, and ‘time-out’ is a break called by a team or official. Understanding these terms helps you respect the game.
“Referee”或“umpire”是控制比赛并执行规则的人。“Foul”是犯规动作，会导致“free kick”任意球或“penalty”点球。“Yellow card”黄牌是警告，“red card”红牌意为罚下。在板球中，“run out”直接刺杀和“LBW”腿截球是出局方式。“Score”即得分，“time-out”是队伍或裁判叫的暂停。理解这些术语有助于你尊重比赛。
| Referee – 裁判 | Foul – 犯规 |
| Penalty – 点球 / 罚球 | Yellow card – 黄牌 |
| Red card – 红牌 | Time-out – 暂停 |
7. Training Methods | 训练方法
‘Circuit training’ involves moving between different exercise stations to work various muscle groups. ‘Interval training’ alternates high-intensity bursts with low-intensity recovery, improving speed and stamina. ‘Continuous training’ means steady exercise without rest, good for endurance. ‘Flexibility training’ like stretching improves range of motion. ‘Resistance training’ uses weights or body weight to build strength. Year 7 students often experience body-weight circuits and fun agility drills.
“Circuit training”循环训练是在不同练习站之间轮换，锻炼不同肌群。“Interval training”间歇训练是高低强度交替，提升速度和耐力。“Continuous training”持续训练是稳定运动不休息，适合练耐力。“Flexibility training”如拉伸可改善活动范围。“Resistance training”抗阻训练用重量或自重增强力量。Year 7学生通常会体验自重循环和趣味灵敏练习。
- Circuit training – 循环训练
- Interval training – 间歇训练
- Continuous training – 持续训练
- Flexibility training – 柔韧性训练
- Resistance training – 抗阻训练
8. Posture & Technique | 姿势与技术
Good ‘posture’ is the alignment of body parts – head up, shoulders back, core engaged. ‘Stance’ is how you stand ready in a sport, e.g., ready position in badminton. ‘Grip’ is how you hold a racket or bat. ‘Follow-through’ is continuing the movement after hitting a ball, important for control and power. ‘Balance’ is staying steady, and ‘coordination’ is using eyes and limbs together smoothly. These terms appear in nearly all movement analysis.
良好的“posture”姿态是身体各部位的排列——抬头、肩后收、核心发力。“Stance”是在运动中准备的站姿，如羽毛球接发球姿势。“Grip”是握拍或握棒的方式。“Follow-through”是击球后继续完成动作，对控制与力量都很重要。“Balance”是保持稳定，“coordination”协调是眼睛和四肢流畅配合。这些术语几乎出现在所有动作分析中。
Follow-through = continuous motion after contact 随挥 = 触球后的延续动作
9. Sports & Activities | 运动与活动名称
Cambridge Year 7 PE typically includes a range of activities. ‘Athletics’ covers track and field events like sprinting, jumping, and throwing. ‘Gymnastics’ involves body control, balance, and sequences. ‘Swimming’ focuses on strokes, breathing, and water safety. ‘Dance’ combines movement and rhythm. Team sports include ‘football’, ‘basketball’, ‘netball’, ‘hockey’, and ‘cricket’. Knowing these names builds a common vocabulary for lessons and assessments.
剑桥Year 7体育通常涵盖一系列活动。“Athletics”田径包括跑、跳、投等项。“Gymnastics”体操涉及身体控制、平衡和成套动作。“Swimming”游泳关注泳姿、呼吸和水上安全。“Dance”舞蹈结合动作与节奏。团队运动包括足球、篮球、无挡板篮球、曲棍球和板球。熟悉这些名称可为课程和评估建立共同语言。
- Athletics – 田径
- Gymnastics – 体操
- Swimming – 游泳
- Football – 足球
- Basketball – 篮球
- Cricket – 板球
10. Safety & Injuries | 安全与受伤
‘Hydration’ means drinking enough water before, during, and after exercise. ‘Protective gear’ includes helmets, shin guards, and gum shields. A ‘sprain’ is a stretched or torn ligament (connects bone to bone), often in the ankle. A ‘strain’ is a muscle or tendon injury (connects muscle to bone). ‘R.I.C.E.’ stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation – the first-aid for soft tissue injuries. Always check equipment and surroundings to stay safe.
“Hydration”补水指在运动前、中、后喝够水。“Protective gear”护具包括头盔、护腿和牙套。“Sprain”扭伤是韧带拉伤或撕裂（连接骨与骨），常见于脚踝。“Strain”拉伤是肌肉或肌腱损伤（连接肌与骨）。“R.I.C.E.”即休息、冰敷、加压、抬高——软组织损伤的急救步骤。务必检查器材和周围环境以保证安全。
R.I.C.E. = Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation → 休息、冰敷、加压、抬高
Published by TutorHao | Physical Education Revision Series | aleveler.com
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