Year 7 Cambridge Psychology: Unit Test Mock Paper Walkthrough | Year 7 剑桥心理学：单元测试模拟卷解析

📚 Year 7 Cambridge Psychology: Unit Test Mock Paper Walkthrough | Year 7 剑桥心理学：单元测试模拟卷解析

Welcome to this detailed walkthrough of a Year 7 Cambridge Psychology unit test. This mock paper covers core topics from an introductory psychology course, including the definition of psychology, research methods, memory, social influence, and ethical issues. Each question is broken down with model answers and explanations to help you understand what examiners are looking for and how to structure your responses. Use this as a revision tool to boost your confidence before the real test.

欢迎阅读这篇 Year 7 剑桥心理学单元测试的详细解析。这份模拟试卷涵盖了心理学入门课程的核心主题，包括心理学的定义、研究方法、记忆、社会影响以及伦理问题。每一题都配有参考答案和解释，帮助你理解考官希望看到的内容以及如何组织答案。请将此作为复习工具，在真正的考试前增强你的信心。

1. What Is Psychology? | 什么是心理学？

The first question on a unit test often checks your basic understanding of the subject itself. You might be asked to choose the most accurate definition from four options.

单元测试的第一题通常会考查你对学科本身的基本理解。你可能会被要求从四个选项中选出最准确的定义。

Mock question: Which of the following best describes psychology? (A) The study of the brain and its diseases; (B) The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes; (C) The analysis of dreams and the unconscious mind; (D) The practice of giving advice to people with problems.

模拟题： 以下哪项最能描述心理学？（A）研究大脑及其疾病的学科；（B）对行为和心理过程的科学研究；（C）对梦境和潜意识的分析；（D）向有困难的人提供建议的实践。

The correct answer is (B). Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behaviour (what we do) and mental processes (what we think and feel). Option (A) refers more to neuroscience or medicine, (C) is only one approach within psychology (psychoanalysis), and (D) describes counselling but not the whole field.

正确答案是（B）。心理学被定义为对行为（我们做什么）和心理过程（我们想什么、感觉什么）的科学研究。选项（A）更偏向神经科学或医学，（C）只是心理学内部的一个流派（精神分析），（D）描述的是心理咨询，但并非整个心理学领域。

In your answer, always underline key words such as ‘scientific’, ‘behaviour’, and ‘mental processes’. This shows the examiner that you know the standard definition taught in Cambridge Lower Secondary Psychology.

在答题时，务必在关键词下方划重点，例如“科学的”、“行为”和“心理过程”。这向考官表明你掌握了剑桥初中心理学所教授的标准定义。

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2. Major Branches of Psychology | 心理学的主要分支

A matching or gap-fill question can test whether you can distinguish between different branches of psychology. Knowing real-world applications is essential.

配对或填空类题目可以测试你能否区分心理学的不同分支。了解其现实应用至关重要。

Branch | 分支	Focus | 关注点
Cognitive psychology	Thinking, memory, perception
Developmental psychology	How people change across the lifespan
Social psychology	How others influence behaviour
Biological psychology	Brain, hormones, genetics

Example question: ‘If a psychologist is studying how peer pressure affects teenagers’ decisions, they are working in __________ psychology.’ The answer is social psychology.

示例题：“如果一位心理学家正在研究同伴压力如何影响青少年的决策，那么他/她从事的是__________心理学。”答案是社会心理学。

Make sure you can explain each branch in one sentence and give a real-life scenario. This will also help you with extended writing tasks later in the test.

确保你能用一句话解释每一个分支，并给出一个现实生活中的场景案例。这也会在后续的拓展写作题中帮到你。

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3. Naturalistic Observation: Advantages and Disadvantages | 自然观察法：优点与缺点

Research methods questions often require you to evaluate a technique. Naturalistic observation involves watching people in their normal environment without interference.

研究方法类题目常常要求你对一种技术进行评价。自然观察法是指在不对其进行干预的情况下，观察人们在其正常环境中的行为。

Suggested answer structure:

建议的答题结构：

• Advantage: High ecological validity — behaviour is spontaneous and genuine, so findings reflect real life.

  优点：生态效度高——行为是自发的、真实的，因此研究结果能反映现实生活。

• Advantage: Useful when it is unethical or impractical to manipulate variables (e.g. studying bullying in a playground).

  优点：当操纵变量不符合伦理或不可行时（例如研究操场上的欺凌行为），这种方法非常有用。

• Disadvantage: Observer bias — the researcher may interpret behaviour subjectively, reducing objectivity.

  缺点：观察者偏差——研究者可能会主观地解读行为，从而降低客观性。

• Disadvantage: No control over extraneous variables, so cause-and-effect cannot be established.

  缺点：无法控制额外变量，因此无法确定因果关系。

When writing your own evaluation, always connect the advantage/disadvantage to an example from the scenario provided in the question.

在写下你自己的评价时，务必把优点或缺点与题目中提供的场景示例联系起来。

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4. Independent and Dependent Variables | 自变量与因变量

Being able to identify independent variables (IV) and dependent variables (DV) is a fundamental skill in psychology. The IV is what the researcher changes or manipulates, and the DV is what is measured.

能够识别自变量（IV）和因变量（DV）是心理学的一项基本技能。自变量是研究者改变或操纵的变量，因变量则是被测量的变量。

Mock question: In an experiment, students are given either a high-caffeine drink or a decaffeinated drink, and their reaction time on a computer game is recorded. Identify the IV and DV.

模拟题： 在一项实验中，学生们被给予高咖啡因饮料或无咖啡因饮料，然后记录他们在电脑游戏中的反应时间。请识别自变量和因变量。

Answer: IV = type of drink (caffeinated or decaffeinated); DV = reaction time in the computer game. Always state the IV with both conditions, and the DV with units if possible (e.g. milliseconds).

答案： 自变量 = 饮料类型（含咖啡因或无咖啡因）；因变量 = 电脑游戏中的反应时间。说明自变量时务必提及两种条件，说明因变量时如果可能请附上单位（例如毫秒）。

This question may appear as a short-answer item worth 2–3 marks. Precision is key: do not just write ‘reaction time’ — specify how it was measured, for example ‘reaction time measured by the game timer’.

这种题型可能以2至3分的简答题形式出现。精确是关键：不要只写“反应时间”——要指明它是如何测量的，例如“通过游戏计时器测量的反应时间”。

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5. Types of Memory: Short-Term and Long-Term | 记忆的类型：短期记忆与长期记忆

Introductory psychology expects you to know the multi-store model of memory at a basic level. The two main stores are short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM).

入门级的心理学要求你对记忆的多存储模型有一个基本的了解。两大主要存储类型是短期记忆（STM）和长期记忆（LTM）。

Feature | 特征	STM | 短期记忆	LTM | 长期记忆
Duration	Up to 30 seconds | 最多30秒	Potentially a lifetime | 可能持续一生
Capacity	7 ± 2 items | 7±2个组块	Unlimited | 无限
Encoding	Mainly acoustic | 主要是声音编码	Mainly semantic | 主要是语义编码

If asked to outline the difference, use the three features: duration, capacity, and encoding. For instance, ‘STM holds about 7 chunks of information for less than a minute, whereas LTM can store unlimited amounts for many years.’

如果被要求概括两者之间的差异，请运用三个特征：持续时间、容量和编码方式。例如，“短期记忆可以短暂持有大约7个信息组块，不到一分钟；而长期记忆则可以长期存储几乎无限量的信息多年。”

To gain top marks, add an example: ‘When you try to remember a phone number just after hearing it, you are using STM. When you recall your last birthday party, you are using LTM.’

要想获得高分，补充一个例子：“当你试图在刚听到一个电话号码后马上记住它时，你使用的是短期记忆。而当你回忆去年的生日聚会时，你使用的是长期记忆。”

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6. Classic Study: Loftus and Palmer (1974) – Reconstructive Memory | 经典研究：Loftus 和 Palmer（1974）——记忆的重构

Understanding a key study is vital for Year 7 psychology, and the Loftus and Palmer experiment on leading questions is often introduced early on.

理解一项关键研究对于 Year 7 心理学至关重要，而 Loftus 和 Palmer 关于引导性问题的实验往往会被早早引入。

Summary: Participants watched a film of a car accident and were then asked how fast the cars were going. The verb used in the question was changed — ‘smashed’, ‘collided’, ‘bumped’, ‘hit’, ‘contacted’. The estimated speed was highest for ‘smashed’ (about 40.8 mph) and lowest for ‘contacted’ (about 31.8 mph).

概要： 被试观看了一场车祸影片，随后被问及车辆的行驶速度。问题中使用的动词被更换为——“smashed（猛撞）”、“collided（碰撞）”、“bumped（撞）”、“hit（撞）”、“contacted（接触）”。对于“smashed”的预估速度最高（约40.8英里/小时），“contacted”的预估速度最低（约31.8英里/小时）。

This study shows that memory is not a perfect recording; it can be altered by the wording of a question. This is called reconstructive memory.

这项研究表明，记忆并不是完美的记录；问题的措辞可以改变记忆。这被称为记忆的重构。

When answering a ‘Describe and evaluate’ question, break your response into: aim, method, results, conclusion, and one evaluation point (e.g. high control, but low ecological validity because watching a film is not the same as witnessing a real accident).

当回答“描述并评估”这类题目时，可以把你的答案分解为：目的、方法、结果、结论，以及一个评价要点（例如，控制程度高，但生态效度低，因为观看影片与真实目睹事故并不相同）。

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7. Social Influence: Conformity | 社会影响：从众

Conformity means adjusting your behaviour or opinions to fit in with a group. Asch’s classic line-judgement experiment is a clear illustration.

从众是指调整自己的行为或观点以融入群体。Asch 的经典线段判断实验就是对此一个清晰的说明。

In Asch’s study, a participant was placed in a room with confederates who deliberately gave wrong answers. About 75% of participants conformed at least once, even when the correct answer was obvious.

在 Asch 的研究中，一名被试与一群事先安排好的同谋者同处一室，这些同谋者故意给出错误答案。大约75%的被试至少有一次选择了从众，即使正确答案显而易见。

You might be asked: ‘Give two reasons why people conform.’ (1) Normative social influence — to be liked and accepted by the group. (2) Informational social influence — to be correct, especially when the task is ambiguous.

你可能会被问到：“给出人们从众的两个原因。”(1) 规范性社会影响——为了被群体喜欢和接纳。(2) 信息性社会影响——为了做出正确判断，尤其是当任务不明确时。

Always relate your answer back to Asch’s scenario: ‘In Asch’s study, some participants said they went along with the group because they didn’t want to look silly (normative), while others started doubting their own eyesight (informational).’

始终将你的答案与 Asch 实验的场景联系起来：“在 Asch 的研究中，一些参与者说他们跟随群体是因为不想显得傻气（规范性），而另一些参与者则开始怀疑自己的视力（信息性）。”

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8. Ethics in Psychological Research | 心理学研究中的伦理

Every Year 7 psychology test will include an ethics question, usually about informed consent, deception, protection from harm, and debriefing.

每次 Year 7 心理学测试都会包含一道伦理题，通常涉及知情同意、欺骗、免受伤害保护以及事后解释（debriefing）。

Mock scenario: A researcher wants to study stress in schoolchildren by telling them they have failed an important test, when really the test was fake. Identify one ethical issue and suggest how to resolve it.

模拟场景： 一位研究者想要研究学龄儿童的压力状况，他告诉这些孩子他们在一场重要考试中失败了，但其实考试是假的。请指出一个伦理问题，并给出解决建议。

Model answer: Ethical issue — deception (the children were lied to about the test) and possible psychological harm (stress from believing they failed). Resolution — Researchers should obtain informed consent from parents and children themselves, avoid active deception unless absolutely necessary, and fully debrief participants after the study, explaining the true purpose and offering support if distress occurred.

参考答案： 伦理问题——欺骗（孩子们在考试问题上被欺骗）以及可能的心理伤害（因相信自己失败而产生的压力）。解决方法——研究者应征得家长和儿童本人的知情同意，除非绝对必要避免使用主动欺骗，并在研究结束后对参与者进行充分的事后解释，说明真实目的，并在出现困扰时提供支持。

Even at Year 7 level, examiners expect you to use the correct ethical terms. Create a mental checklist: consent, deception, harm, privacy, debriefing, right to withdraw.

即便在 Year 7 阶段，考官也期望你能使用正确的伦理术语。在脑中列一个清单：知情同意、欺骗、伤害、隐私、事后解释、退出权利。

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9. Data Handling: Mean and Bar Charts | 数据处理：平均值与条形图

Numeracy is part of psychology. You need to be able to calculate the mean and present data in a bar chart with labelled axes.

计算能力是心理学的一部分。你需要能够计算平均值，并在坐标轴标注清晰的条形图中呈现数据。

Question: Five participants took a memory test three times. Their scores were: 10, 12, 9, 11, 13. Calculate the mean score. Then sketch a bar chart for an experiment comparing memory scores after a full night’s sleep versus no sleep (mean scores: sleep group = 15, no-sleep group = 8).

题目： 五名被试各接受三次记忆测试。他们的分数分别为：10, 12, 9, 11, 13。计算平均分。然后为一项比较整夜睡眠与无睡眠后记忆分数的实验画一张条形图（平均分数：睡眠组 = 15，无睡眠组 = 8）。

Mean = (10 + 12 + 9 + 11 + 13) ÷ 5 = 55 ÷ 5 = 11. Always show your working. For the bar chart: X-axis labelled ‘Condition’ (Sleep vs No Sleep), Y-axis ‘Mean memory score’. Bars must be separate and of correct height. Never connect the bars.

平均值 = (10 + 12 + 9 + 11 + 13) ÷ 5 = 55 ÷ 5 = 11。务必展示计算过程。条形图方面：X轴标注为“条件”（睡眠与无睡眠），Y轴为“平均记忆分数”。条形必须分开且高度正确。切勿将条形连接起来。

This question tests both calculation and presentation skills. Even if you make an error in arithmetic, you can still earn marks for the correct graph structure and labelling.

该题同时测试你的计算和呈现技能。即使你在算术上出现错误，你仍然可以凭借正确的图表结构和标注来获得分数。

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10. Scenario Application: Bringing It All Together | 场景应用题：综合运用

The final question often presents a novel scenario and asks you to apply psychological concepts. This is where you demonstrate the depth of your understanding.

最后一题常常会呈现一个新颖的场景，并要求你运用心理学概念。这正是你展示自己理解深度的地方。

Mock scenario: ‘A teacher notices that students in her class work harder when they are placed in groups competing against each other than when they work individually on the same task. Suggest how a psychologist from the social and cognitive perspectives might explain this.’

模拟场景： “一位老师注意到，当她班上的学生被分成小组互相竞争时，比他们各自单独完成相同任务时更加努力。从社会心理学和认知心理学的角度，分别提出一位心理学家可能的解释。”

Social perspective: The presence of others increases arousal and motivation through social facilitation. Competition can also create a sense of group identity and ingroup favouritism, encouraging effort to outperform the outgroup.

社会视角： 他人的在场通过社会助长效应提高了唤醒水平和动机。竞争还能创造群体认同感和内群体偏爱，促使人们付出努力以胜过外群体。

Cognitive perspective: Competition may increase goal-directed attention and the use of strategies such as rehearsal or planning, improving performance. Students might also be motivated by the belief that their effort will lead to success (expectancy-value theory).

认知视角： 竞争可能增强了目标导向的注意力，并促使复述或规划等策略的使用，从而提升表现。学生也可能因相信自己的付出会带来成功而受到激励（期望-价值理论）。

In your answer, always start by stating the perspective, then link a specific concept to the scenario. Use phrases like ‘This is shown by…’ or ‘In this context…’. This final question rewards thoughtful application, not just memorised definitions.

在你的回答中，始终先指出视角，然后将一个具体概念与场景联系起来。使用诸如“这一点通过……体现”或“在此情境中……”这样的表达。这最后一道题奖励的是经过深思的应用，而不仅仅是死记硬背的定义。

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