📚 Year 7 CCEA Chemistry: Key Terminology Memorisation Guide | 七年级CCEA化学：核心术语速记指南
Welcome to your rapid vocabulary memorisation guide for Year 7 CCEA Chemistry. Chemistry can sometimes feel like learning a new language, but with the right memory hooks and simple explanations, you will quickly master the essential terms and their meanings. This guide will break down key words into small, memorable chunks, pairing each definition with a Chinese translation and a practical memory trick. Use it as a quick reference before tests or whenever you need a confidence boost in your chemistry lessons.
欢迎使用这份七年级CCEA化学核心术语速记指南。化学有时就像在学一门新语言，但只要掌握合适的记忆窍门和简单的解释，你很快就能掌握这些基础术语及其含义。本指南将关键单词拆解成易于记忆的小块，每个定义都配有中文翻译和实用的记忆技巧。你可以在考试前快速浏览，或者在任何需要增强化学课信心的时候翻阅它。
1. States of Matter | 物质的状态
The three common states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. A solid has a fixed shape and fixed volume because its particles are packed tightly in a regular pattern and cannot move freely, only vibrating in place.
物质常见的三种状态是固态、液态和气态。固体具有固定的形状和固定的体积，因为它的粒子紧密排列成规则的图案，不能自由移动，只能在原地振动。
A liquid has a fixed volume but no fixed shape; it takes the shape of the container. Its particles are close together but can slide past one another, allowing the liquid to flow.
液体有固定的体积，但没有固定的形状；它会随着容器的形状而变化。液体粒子之间靠得很近，但可以相互滑动，因此液体能够流动。
A gas has no fixed shape and no fixed volume; it spreads out to fill any container. The particles are far apart, move very quickly and collide with each other and the walls of the container.
气体既没有固定的形状，也没有固定的体积；它会扩散并充满整个容器。气体粒子间距很远，运动速度很快，互相碰撞并碰撞容器壁。
Memory trick: Think of a three‑member family: ‘Solid Sal’ never changes shape, ‘Liquid Lin’ fits in anywhere, and ‘Gassy Gus’ runs everywhere.
记忆技巧：想象三口之家：“固体萨尔”永远不变形，“液体琳恩”随遇而安，而“气体古斯”到处乱跑。
2. Changes of State | 状态变化
Melting is the change from solid to liquid. It happens when a solid is heated to its melting point. Freezing is the reverse change, from liquid to solid, and occurs at the same temperature.
熔化是指从固态变为液态。当固体被加热到熔点时，就会发生熔化。凝固则是相反的变化，从液态变为固态，发生在相同的温度下。
Evaporation is the change from liquid to gas at the surface of a liquid, occurring at any temperature below the boiling point. Boiling is vaporisation that happens throughout the liquid at a specific temperature.
蒸发是液体表面从液态变为气态的过程，可以在低于沸点的任何温度下发生。沸腾是在特定温度下液体内部整体发生气化的现象。
Condensation is the change from gas to liquid. When a gas cools, its particles slow down and come closer together. Sublimation is when a solid turns directly into a gas without becoming a liquid first, such as dry ice turning into carbon dioxide gas.
冷凝是从气态变为液态。当气体冷却时，粒子运动变慢并相互靠近。升华是指固体直接变成气体，而不经过液态，例如干冰直接变成二氧化碳气体。
Memory trick: The sequence ‘Solid → Liquid → Gas’ follows heating, so think ‘SLG’ like ‘Super Lazy Giraffe’ warming up. For the reverse, ‘GLACÉ’ (Gas to Liquid And Condensation Everywhere) reminds you that cooling reverses the process.
记忆技巧：顺序“固态→液态→气态”跟着加热走，可以记成“SLG”如“超级懒长颈鹿在晒太阳”。反过来用“GLACÉ”（气到液冷凝处处）提醒你冷却会使过程逆转。
3. The Particle Model of Matter | 物质的粒子模型
The particle model explains the properties of solids, liquids and gases by imagining tiny, constantly moving particles. In a solid, particles are arranged in a regular, fixed pattern and only vibrate.
粒子模型通过设想微观中不断运动的粒子来解释固体、液体和气体的性质。在固体中，粒子排列成规则的固定图案，仅能振动。
In a liquid, particles are still close together but arranged irregularly, allowing them to move and flow. In a gas, particles are far apart with no regular arrangement, moving rapidly in all directions.
在液体中，粒子仍然靠得很近，但排列不规则，可以移动和流动。在气体中，粒子间距很远，没有规则的排列，朝各个方向快速运动。
When a substance is heated, its particles gain more kinetic energy, causing them to vibrate faster or move more freely. This explains why substances expand when heated.
当物质受热时，粒子获得更多的动能，导致它们振动更快或更自由地移动。这就解释了为什么物质受热会膨胀。
Memory trick: Think of particles as students in school: solid students sit silently in fixed rows, liquid students mingle in the canteen, and gas students run wildly in the playground.
记忆技巧：把粒子想象成学校里的学生：固态学生安静地坐在固定排位上，液态学生在食堂里自由行走混合，气态学生在操场上疯狂奔跑。
4. Elements, Compounds and Mixtures | 元素、化合物与混合物
An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom. All the atoms have the same number of protons and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
元素是由同一种原子组成的纯净物。所有原子具有相同数量的质子，并且不能通过化学方法分解成更简单的物质。
A compound is a pure substance made of two or more different types of atom chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion. For example, water (H₂O) is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen.
化合物是由两种或多种不同类型的原子以固定比例通过化学键结合在一起的纯净物。例如，水（H₂O）是氢和氧的化合物。
A mixture consists of two or more substances jumbled together without chemical bonding. The components keep their own properties and can be separated by physical methods, such as filtration or distillation.
混合物由两种或多种物质混合而成，没有化学键结合。各组分保留自己的性质，并且可以通过过滤、蒸馏等物理方法分离。
Memory trick: Use the ‘EPC’ rule: Elements – Pure and single, Compounds – Chemically combined, Mixtures – Mingled but not married.
记忆技巧：使用“EPC”规则：Elements 纯粹单一，Compounds 化学结合，Mixtures 混而不合。
5. Atoms and Molecules: The Building Blocks | 原子与分子：构建单元
An atom is the smallest part of an element that still has the properties of that element. Atoms consist of a central nucleus surrounded by electrons, but at this level simply think of them as tiny building blocks.
原子是元素中仍保留该元素性质的最小粒子。原子由中心的原子核和核外电子构成，但在现阶段只需把它们看作微小的积木块即可。
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. A molecule can be made of the same type of atoms – like O₂, an oxygen molecule – or different types, like H₂O.
分子是由两个或更多原子通过化学键结合在一起形成的原子团。分子可以是由同种原子组成，比如氧气分子O₂，也可以由不同种原子组成，如水分子H₂O。
It is useful to remember that all compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds – O₂ is a molecule but not a compound because it contains only one element.
要记住，所有化合物都是分子，但并非所有分子都是化合物——O₂是一个分子但不是化合物，因为它只含有一种元素。
Memory trick: ‘Atom’ sounds like ‘Adam’, the first man – the smallest indivisible bit. ‘Molecule’ starts with ‘Mole’ – moles dig and connect tunnels, just as molecules connect atoms.
记忆技巧：“Atom”发音类似“亚当”，亚当是第一个人——不可分割的最小单位。“Molecule”以“Mole”（鼹鼠）开头，鼹鼠挖洞并连接通道，就像分子连接原子。
6. Chemical Reactions Fundamentals | 化学反应基础
A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances, called reactants, are changed into one or more new substances, called products. Bonds between atoms break and new bonds form.
化学反应是一个或多个称为反应物的物质转变为一种或多种新物质——生成物的过程。原子间的化学键断裂，新的化学键生成。
In a word equation, you write the names of the reactants on the left, an arrow (→) meaning ‘yield’, and the names of the products on the right. For instance: methane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.
在文字方程式中，你把反应物的名称写在左侧，箭头（→）表示“生成”，生成物的名称写在右侧。例如：甲烷 + 氧气 → 二氧化碳 + 水。
The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.
质量守恒定律指出，在化学反应中，质量既不能被创造也不能被消灭。反应物的总质量等于生成物的总质量。
Memory trick: Picture a baking recipe: reactants are your flour, eggs and sugar; products are the cake. No matter goes missing – total mass stays the same.
记忆技巧：想象一份烘焙食谱：反应物是你的面粉、鸡蛋和糖；生成物是蛋糕。物质不会丢失——总质量保持不变。
7. Acids and Alkalis | 酸与碱
An acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. Acids taste sour, are corrosive, and turn blue litmus paper red. Common lab acids include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
酸是一种溶解于水时会释放氢离子（H⁺）的物质。酸有酸味，具有腐蚀性，并能使蓝色石蕊试纸变红。实验室常见的酸包括盐酸、硫酸和硝酸。
An alkali is a soluble base that releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water. Alkalis feel soapy, are corrosive, and turn red litmus paper blue. Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are common examples.
碱是可溶性碱，在水中会释放氢氧根离子（OH⁻）。碱摸起来有滑腻感，有腐蚀性，并能使红色石蕊试纸变蓝。氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾是常见的例子。
The pH scale measures how acidic or alkaline a solution is, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very alkaline), with 7 being neutral. An indicator, such as universal indicator, changes colour to show the pH value.
pH 值标度用来衡量溶液的酸碱度，范围从0（强酸性）到14（强碱性），7为中性。指示剂，如通用指示剂，会改变颜色显示出pH值。
Neutralisation is the reaction between an acid and an alkali to form a salt and water. A simple word equation is: acid + alkali → salt + water.
中和反应是酸和碱反应生成盐和水的过程。简单的文字方程式是：酸 + 碱 → 盐 + 水。
Memory trick: Remember ‘Acid to A is sour; Base to B is bitter’. For neutralisation, think of a king and queen fighting until they become just ‘salt and water’ – no more acid or alkali properties.
记忆技巧：记住“酸（Acid）首字母A，味道sour；碱（Base）首字母B，味道bitter”。对于中和，想象国王和王后打架，最终只留下“盐和水”——酸和碱的性质都消失了。
8. Separation Techniques | 分离技术
Filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. The mixture is poured through filter paper in a funnel; the solid stays on the paper (the residue) and the liquid passes through as the filtrate.
过滤用于从液体中分离出不溶性固体。混合物通过漏斗中的滤纸倒入；固体留在滤纸上（称为滤渣），液体透过滤纸成为滤液。
Evaporation from a dish can separate a soluble solid from a solution by boiling off the liquid, leaving the solid behind. This works well for substances like salt obtained from seawater.
蒸发可以从溶液中分离出可溶性固体，通过将液体煮沸蒸发掉，留下固体。这适用于像从海水中提取盐这样的过程。
Distillation separates a solvent from a solution by heating it to form vapour and then condensing the vapour back into a liquid in a condenser. The pure liquid collected is called the distillate.
蒸馏通过加热使溶剂形成蒸气，然后让蒸气在冷凝器中冷凝回液体，从而将溶剂从溶液中分离出来。收集到的纯净液体称为馏出液。
Chromatography is used to separate mixtures of coloured substances, like inks or food dyes. A spot of mixture is placed on paper, and a solvent carries the components upwards at different speeds, creating a pattern.
色谱法用于分离混合物中的有色物质，如墨水或食用色素。将混合物斑点放在纸上，溶剂会以不同速度将各组分向上携带，形成分离图谱。
Memory trick: ‘Filta’ sounds like ‘filter’ – think of fish keeping ‘filthy’ solids. ‘Distill’ creates pure drops – ‘distillate’. Chromatography makes a ‘colour graphic’.
记忆技巧：“Filtration”听起来像“filter”——想象一张网滤掉“脏”固体。“Distillation”产生纯液滴——“馏出液”。色谱法（Chromatography）做出“彩色图画”。
9. Laboratory Equipment | 实验器材
A Bunsen burner is a gas burner used to heat substances. It has an air hole to control the flame: a closed air hole gives a luminous yellow safety flame; an open air hole produces a hot blue roaring flame.
本生灯是一种用于加热物质的气体灯。它有一个气孔来控制火焰：气孔关闭时产生明亮的黄色安全焰；气孔打开时产生炽热的蓝色吼叫焰。
A tripod and gauze support a beaker or dish above a Bunsen burner. The gauze spreads the heat evenly. A beaker is a wide glass container for mixing and heating; a test tube holds small amounts of substances.
三脚架和石棉网用于在本生灯上方支撑烧杯或蒸发皿。石棉网能使热量均匀分布。烧杯是一种宽口玻璃容器，用于混合和加热；试管则用于盛放少量物质。
A measuring cylinder precisely measures the volume of liquid. A funnel is used to pour liquids into containers with small openings and also during filtration. A pipette transfers small, accurate volumes.
量筒用于精确测量液体体积。漏斗用于将液体倒入小口容器，也用于过滤操作。移液管可以转移少量、精确的液体。
Memory trick: ‘Bunsen’ rhymes with ‘fun sun’ – it gives extreme heat. ‘Tripod’ has three legs like a tripod stool. For ‘pipette’, think of a tiny pipe.
记忆技巧：“Bunsen”和“fun sun”押韵——它提供超高热量。“Tripod”有三条腿，像一个三脚凳。“Pipette”可以联想为一根小管子。
10. Key Verbs for Experimental Write-ups | 实验报告中的关键动词
‘Measure’ means to use an instrument, such as a balance or measuring cylinder, to determine a quantity. Always record the units. ‘Pour’ is the careful transfer of a liquid from one container to another.
“Measure”意为使用仪器（如天平或量筒）测定一个量。一定要记录单位。“Pour”是指小心地将液体从一个容器转移到另一个容器。
‘Heat’ means to supply thermal energy, typically using a Bunsen burner or a water bath. ‘Observe’ means to use your senses to note what happens, such as a colour change or gas bubbles, and write it down objectively.
“Heat”是指提供热能，通常使用本生灯或水浴。“Observe”是指用你的感官去注意发生的现象，比如颜色变化或气泡，并客观地记录下来。
‘Record’ means to write down measurements and observations neatly in a table or journal. ‘Conclude’ means to use your results to answer the original question or state what you have found out.
“Record”是指将测量数据和观察现象整齐地记录在表格或实验日志中。“Conclude”是指用你的实验结果来回答最初的问题，或者陈述你发现了什么。
Memory trick: Create a funny sentence using the first letters: ‘Most People Have Orange Rabbits Called Cuddles’ – Measure, Pour, Heat, Observe, Record, Conclude.
记忆技巧：用首字母编一个有趣的句子：“Most People Have Orange Rabbits Called Cuddles”——Measure, Pour, Heat, Observe, Record, Conclude。
Published by TutorHao | Chemistry Revision Series | aleveler.com
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