📚 Year 7 CCEA Music: Quick Revision Guide to Key Vocabulary | Year 7 CCEA 音乐：词汇术语速记指南
Building a strong musical vocabulary is the first step to becoming a confident musician. In Year 7 CCEA Music, you will come across Italian terms, symbols and concepts that describe how music is performed, put together and experienced. This guide groups the essential words into easy-to-remember categories, with clear explanations and memory tips to help you learn them faster.
建立扎实的音乐词汇是成为自信音乐人的第一步。在 Year 7 CCEA 音乐课程中，你会遇到描述音乐如何演奏、编排和体验的意大利术语、符号和概念。本指南将重要词汇按易于记忆的类别分组，并配以清晰的解释和记忆技巧，帮助你更快掌握它们。
1. Tempo – The Speed of the Music | 速度——音乐的快慢
Tempo tells us how fast or slow a piece should be played. The most common tempo markings are Italian words found at the start of a score. A quick tip: words with an ‘o’ ending often feel steady, while words with an ‘e’ ending can suggest energy.
速度告诉我们乐曲应该演奏得多快或多慢。最常见的速度标记是乐谱开头的意大利语单词。一个小窍门：以 ‘o’ 结尾的单词通常感觉平稳，而以 ‘e’ 结尾的单词可能暗示活力。
- Largo – very slow and broad / 非常缓慢而宽广
- Adagio – slow and leisurely / 缓慢而悠闲
- Andante – at a walking pace / 以行走的速度
- Moderato – moderate speed / 中速
- Allegro – fast and lively / 快速而活泼
- Presto – very fast / 非常快
Think of ‘Andante’ like walking to the shops, and ‘Presto’ like running for the bus. Linking a word to an action makes it stick.
把 ‘Andante’ 想象成步行去商店，‘Presto’ 想象成追赶公交车。将单词与动作联系起来会让它记得更牢。
2. Dynamics – How Loud or Soft | 力度——强弱变化
Dynamics control the volume of the music and help express emotion. They are shown by letters or symbols, usually in Italian. The two most important letters are p for soft and f for loud.
力度控制音乐的音量并帮助表达情感。它们通常用意大利语字母或符号表示。最重要的两个字母是代表弱的 p 和代表强的 f。
- pianissimo (pp) – very soft / 非常弱
- piano (p) – soft / 弱
- mezzo piano (mp) – moderately soft / 中弱
- mezzo forte (mf) – moderately loud / 中强
- forte (f) – loud / 强
- fortissimo (ff) – very loud / 非常强
Remember: m = mezzo (medium), so ‘mp’ is just a medium-soft sound. A crescendo (cresc.) means gradually getting louder, and a diminuendo (dim.) means gradually getting softer.
记住：m = mezzo（中等），所以 ‘mp’ 就是中等偏弱的声音。渐强 (cresc.) 表示音量逐渐增大，渐弱 (dim.) 表示音量逐渐减小。
3. Articulation – How Notes Are Played | 演奏法——音符的奏法
Articulation describes the style or attack of individual notes. It tells you whether to connect notes smoothly, separate them sharply, or place a strong accent on them. The way you touch or release a note changes the mood completely.
演奏法描述单个音符的风格或触键方式。它告诉你是要平滑地连接音符、短促地分开它们，还是给它们加上重音。你触键和离键的方式会完全改变音乐的情绪。
- Legato – smooth and connected / 连奏，平滑地连接
- Staccato – short and detached / 断奏，短促而断开
- Accent – putting more weight on a note to make it stand out / 重音，给音符更多重量以使其突出
A helpful image: staccato notes bounce like hot sand under your feet, while legato flows like honey. An accent is like a punch on that one note.
一个有用的画面：断奏音符像脚下烫脚的沙子般弹跳，而连奏则像蜂蜜般流淌。重音则像是对那个音符的一记重拳。
4. Pitch – High and Low Sounds | 音高——声音的高低
Pitch refers to how high or low a note sounds. The musical alphabet only uses the letters A to G, which then repeat. Notes can be written on lines and spaces called a stave, and a clef tells us which notes they stand for.
音高指音符听起来多高或多低。音乐字母表只使用 A 到 G 的字母，然后不断重复。音符被写在称为五线谱的线和间上，而谱号告诉我们它们代表哪些音。
- Treble clef – used for higher notes, often played by the right hand on piano / 高音谱号，用于较高音，常由钢琴右手演奏
- Bass clef – used for lower notes, often played by the left hand on piano / 低音谱号，用于较低音，常由钢琴左手演奏
- Sharp (♯) – raises a note by one semitone / 升号，将音符升高一个半音
- Flat (♭) – lowers a note by one semitone / 降号，将音符降低一个半音
- Natural (♮) – cancels a sharp or flat / 还原号，取消升降
To read the treble clef lines, remember ‘Every Good Boy Deserves Football’ (E-G-B-D-F). The spaces spell ‘F A C E’.
要记住高音谱号的线，可以用 ‘Every Good Boy Deserves Football’（E-G-B-D-F）。间上则是 ‘F A C E’。
5. Duration – The Length of Sounds | 时值——声音的长短
Duration is how long a note or silence lasts. Notes are given names like semibreve, minim and crotchet, and each has a matching rest that shows silence for the same length of time. Understanding these rhythm values is like knowing musical building blocks.
时值是指音符或休止持续的时间长短。音符被命名为全音符、二分音符和四分音符等，每个都有与之对应、表示相同时长沉默的休止符。理解这些节奏时值就像认识音乐的积木块。
| Note name / 音符名称 | Beats (in 4/4) / 拍数（4/4拍） | Rest name / 休止符名称 |
|---|---|---|
| Semibreve / 全音符 | 4 beats / 4拍 | Semibreve rest / 全休止符 |
| Minim / 二分音符 | 2 beats / 2拍 | Minim rest / 二分休止符 |
| Crotchet / 四分音符 | 1 beat / 1拍 | Crotchet rest / 四分休止符 |
| Quaver / 八分音符 | 1/2 beat / 半拍 | Quaver rest / 八分休止符 |
| Semiquaver / 十六分音符 | 1/4 beat / 四分之一拍 | Semiquaver rest / 十六分休止符 |
A dot after a note increases its duration by half of its original value. For example, a dotted minim is worth 2 + 1 = 3 beats.
音符后的附点将其时值增加原有的一半。例如，附点二分音符的时值是 2 + 1 = 3 拍。
6. Rhythm and Metre – Organising Beats | 节奏与节拍——组织拍子
Rhythm is the pattern of long and short sounds in time, while metre is the underlying pulse that groups beats into regular bars. Time signatures at the start of a piece tell you how many beats are in each bar and what type of beat counts as one.
节奏是时值在时间上的长短组合模式，而节拍是将拍子分组为规则小节的潜在脉搏。乐曲开头的拍号告诉你每小节有多少拍，以及以哪种音符为一拍。
- Time signature – two numbers, top = how many beats per bar, bottom = what note gets one beat / 拍号 – 两个数字，上 = 每小节拍数，下 = 以几分音符为一拍
- 4/4 – four crotchet beats per bar (common time) / 每小节四个四分音符拍（常用拍号）
- 3/4 – three crotchet beats per bar (waltz feel) / 每小节三个四分音符拍（华尔兹感觉）
- 2/4 – two crotchet beats per bar (march feel) / 每小节两个四分音符拍（进行曲感觉）
The rhythm pattern ‘tea, coffee, coca-cola’ is a classic way to remember crotchet (tea), quaver (coffee) and semiquaver (coca-cola) groupings.
节奏型 ‘tea, coffee, coca-cola’ 是记住四分音符 (tea)、八分音符 (coffee) 和十六分音符 (coca-cola) 组合的经典方法。
7. Texture – Layers of Sound | 织体——声音的层次
Texture refers to how many layers of sound are heard at once and how they relate to each other. It’s like describing the fabric of the music: thin and transparent, or thick and crowded.
织体指同时听到多少层声音以及它们之间的关系。这就像描述音乐的织物：薄而透明，或厚而拥挤。
- Monophonic – a single melody line with no accompaniment / 单声部织体，一条旋律线无伴奏
- Homophonic – a melody with chordal accompaniment moving together / 主调织体，旋律加和弦伴奏一起移动
- Polyphonic – two or more independent melodies woven together / 复调织体，两条及以上独立旋律交织
Imagine monophonic as one person singing alone, homophonic as a singer with a guitar strumming chords, and polyphonic as a round where everyone sings the same tune at different times.
想象单声部织体如一个人独唱，主调织体如一位歌手伴着吉他扫弦，复调织体则如轮唱，每个人在不同时间唱同一旋律。
8. Structure – How Music Is Organised | 结构——音乐的编排
Structure is the plan of a piece of music. Composers use sections that repeat or contrast to create shape. Common forms use letters like A, B and C to label different musical ideas.
结构是音乐作品的规划。作曲家通过重复或对比的部分来创造形状。常见曲式用 A、B、C 等字母标记不同的音乐想法。
- Binary form (AB) – two different sections, often both repeated / 二段体 (AB) – 两个不同部分，常各自反复
- Ternary form (ABA) – a section A, then contrasting B, then return to A / 三段体 (ABA) – A 段，然后对比 B 段，再回到 A
- Rondo form (ABACA) – A section keeps returning between contrasting episodes / 回旋曲式 (ABACA) – A 段在对比插部间反复出现
Think of a musical sandwich: Ternary form is like two slices of the same bread with a different filling in the middle.
想象一个音乐三明治：三段体就像两片相同的面包中间夹着不同馅料。
9. Timbre and Instruments – Sound Colours | 音色与乐器——声音的色彩
Timbre (pronounced ‘tam-ber’) is the unique quality of a sound that lets you tell a piano from a trumpet even when playing the same note. Knowing instrument families helps you describe and recognise timbre.
音色（发音为 ‘tam-ber’）是声音的独特品质，即使演奏同一个音，也能让你分辨出钢琴和小号。了解乐器家族有助于描述和识别音色。
- Strings – violin, cello, double bass, harp (sound produced by bowing or plucking) / 弦乐器 – 小提琴、大提琴、低音提琴、竖琴（通过拉弓或拨弦发声）
- Woodwind – flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon (sound by blowing air, originally wooden) / 木管乐器 – 长笛、单簧管、双簧管、大管（通过吹气发声，原为木质）
- Brass – trumpet, trombone, French horn, tuba (buzzing lips into a metal mouthpiece) / 铜管乐器 – 小号、长号、圆号、大号（嘴唇振动通过金属号嘴发声）
- Percussion – timpani, snare drum, cymbals, xylophone (struck or shaken) / 打击乐器 – 定音鼓、小军鼓、钹、木琴（敲击或摇晃发声）
A fun way to test timbre is to close your eyes and guess the instrument. Woodwinds often sound reedy and clear, brass sounds bright and bold, while strings can be warm and singing.
一个有趣的测试音色的方法是闭上眼睛猜乐器。木管常带簧片声且清晰，铜管明亮大胆，而弦乐温暖如歌。
10. Key Word Bank – Must-Know Mixed Terms | 关键词汇库——必知的混合术语
Some musical words don’t fit neatly into one category but appear all the time in Year 7 listening and theory tasks. Building a quick mental bank of these terms will lift your confidence in class.
有些音乐词汇并不只属于某个类别，但在 Year 7 的听力和乐理任务中频繁出现。在脑海中建立一个快速词汇库会提升你在课堂上的信心。
- Pitch – how high or low a note is / 音高：一个音有多高或多低
- Melody – the main tune of a piece / 旋律：乐曲的主要曲调
- Harmony – two or more notes played together to support the melody / 和声：两个或多个音一起奏出以支撑旋律
- Chord – three or more notes played at the same time / 和弦：三个或以上音同时奏响
- Scale – a series of notes in order, such as C major scale / 音阶：一系列有序的音，如 C 大调音阶
- Octave – the distance between two notes with the same letter name, one higher / 八度：两个音名相同但音高不同的音之间的距离
- Phrase – a musical sentence, often ending with a breathing point / 乐句：一个音乐句子，常结束于呼吸点
- Ostinato – a repeating pattern of notes or rhythm / 固定音型：一个重复的音符或节奏型
When you hear a question like ‘Describe the melody’, think about whether it moves by step (conjunct) or leap (disjunct), and if it uses a repeating ostinato.
当你听到‘描述旋律’这类问题时，想一想它是级进（conjunct）还是跳进（disjunct），以及是否使用了重复的固定音型。
Published by TutorHao | Music Revision Series | aleveler.com
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