📚 Year 7 CCEA Science: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 7 CCEA 科学：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering science in Year 7 is so much easier when you understand the key words. This guide is designed to help you remember the most important scientific terms across biology, chemistry and physics. We will use simple memory tricks, word associations and clear explanations so that tricky vocabulary sticks in your mind. Whether you are preparing for a test or just want to sound like a mini scientist, this is your go-to revision companion.
掌握 Year 7 科学的关键在于理解词汇。这份指南旨在帮你记住生物、化学和物理中最重要的一些科学术语。我们会用简单的记忆技巧、词语联想和清晰的解释，让这些难记的词汇牢牢印在脑海中。无论你是在备考还是想让自己听起来像个小科学家，这本速记手册都是你的好帮手。
1. The Scientific Method | 科学方法
The scientific method is how we explore and make sense of the natural world. You need to know the words that scientists use to describe experiments and ideas. Let’s start with hypothesis, variable, control and conclusion. Try to link each term to a real investigation, like testing which material keeps water warmest.
科学方法是我们探索和理解自然世界的方式。你需要掌握科学家用来描述实验和想法的词语。我们从假设、变量、对照和结论开始。试着把每个术语和一个真实的探究联系起来，比如测试哪种材料保温效果最好。
Hypothesis – a prediction based on scientific ideas that can be tested. Think of ‘hypo-‘ meaning ‘under’ and ‘thesis’ as an idea. So a hypothesis is a trial idea that you test underneath your experiment. To spell it, remember ‘hypo-the-sis’ like ‘hippo thesis’ – a hippo writing a big idea.
假设 (hypothesis) – 基于科学观点、可被检验的预测。’hypo-‘ 有 ‘下方’ 的意思，’thesis’ 是论题，合起来就是 ‘试验性观点’。拼写时可以联想 ‘hippo thesis’ – 一只河马在写大想法，就不会忘记中间有 ‘the’。
Variable – anything that can change in an experiment. There are three kinds: independent (what you change), dependent (what you measure) and control variables (what you keep the same). Use the first letters: I change, D measure, C keep Constant. Visualise a variable as a slider that moves up and down.
变量 (variable) – 实验中可以改变的任何因素。自变量是你改变的，因变量是你测量的，控制变量是保持不变的。用首字母记忆法：I change (自变量), D measure (因变量), C keep Constant (控制变量)。可以把变量想象成一个可以上下移动的滑块。
Control – a standard of comparison in an experiment. A fair test needs a control setup where nothing is changed, so you can compare results. The word ‘control’ has ‘cont’ like ‘constant’. A control keeps things constant.
对照 (control) – 实验中用作比较的标准。公平测试需要一个什么都不改变的对照装置，这样才能对比结果。’control’ 里面包含 ‘cont’，类似 ‘constant’ (恒定的)，帮助记忆对照是保持不变的。
2. Lab Equipment & Safety | 实验室设备与安全
Knowing the names of common lab tools keeps you safe and helps you follow instructions. We will focus on the Bunsen burner, beaker, test tube and goggles. Visualise each item and practise saying its name while pointing to a diagram.
认识常见实验室器材的名称能保证安全并帮助你理解操作步骤。我们重点学习本生灯、烧杯、试管和护目镜。一边指着示意图，一边练习说出它们的名字。
Bunsen burner – a gas burner used to heat substances. Remember the man’s name: Robert Bunsen. Imagine a bun in the sun – ‘Bun-sun’ – the flame looks like a hot bun. The most important safety rule is to use the yellow safety flame when not heating.
本生灯 (Bunsen burner) – 用于加热物质的燃气灯。记住发明人名字罗伯特 · 本生。想象太阳下的一个圆面包 (‘Bun’ + ‘sun’)，火焰就像热腾腾的面包。重要的安全规则是不加热时使用黄色安全焰。
Beaker – a wide cylindrical container for mixing, heating and pouring liquids. ‘Beak-er’ rhymes with ‘speaker’. Picture a bird’s beak pouring water into a beaker.
烧杯 (beaker) – 宽口圆柱形容器，用于混合、加热和倾倒液体。’beaker’ 和 ‘speaker’ 押韵。想象鸟嘴 (beak) 向烧杯里倒水，就能记住这个器皿。
Test tube – a thin glass tube held in a rack, used for small-scale reactions. Think ‘test’ as in testing a sample. Hold it with a test tube holder, never your fingers when heating.
试管 (test tube) – 放在试管架上的细玻璃管，用于小规模反应。’test’ 就是测试样品的意思。加热时必须用试管夹，绝不能用手直接拿。
Goggles – safety spectacles that protect eyes. The word looks like goggles on a frog – big round eyes. Never take them off during a practical.
护目镜 (goggles) – 保护眼睛的安全眼镜。这个单词看起来就像青蛙鼓鼓的眼睛。实验操作时绝对不要摘下护目镜。
3. Cells & Living Organisms | 细胞与生物体
Cells are the building blocks of life. Knowing the parts of both animal and plant cells is a massive part of Year 7 biology. We can use mnemonic sentences and shape analogies to lock in terms like nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, chloroplast and cell wall.
细胞是生命的基本单位。认识动物细胞和植物细胞的各个部分是 Year 7 生物的重要内容。我们可以用记忆口诀和形状类比来记住细胞核、细胞质、细胞膜、叶绿体和细胞壁等术语。
Nucleus – the control centre of the cell, containing genetic material. It sounds like ‘new cleus’ and is similar to the nucleus of an atom – the central core. Think ‘nucleus = nucleus of the cell controls everything’, just like the head teacher in a school.
细胞核 (nucleus) – 细胞的控制中心，含有遗传物质。听起来像 ‘new cleus’，和原子核相似，都是中心。想象细胞核像学校的校长一样掌控一切。
Cytoplasm – a jelly-like substance where chemical reactions happen. ‘Cyto-‘ means cell, ‘plasm’ means something formed or moulded. So cytoplasm is the cell’s jelly. Picture jelly wobbling inside a balloon filled with water.
细胞质 (cytoplasm) – 发生化学反应的胶状物质。’cyto-‘ 表示细胞，’plasm’ 表示成形的物质。所以细胞质就是细胞里的胶状物。想象在一个装满水的气球里晃动的果冻。
Cell membrane – the thin outer layer that controls what enters and leaves the cell. ‘Membrane’ sounds like ‘brain’ but think of it as a bouncer at a club door – it only lets certain things pass.
细胞膜 (cell membrane) – 控制物质进出的薄外层。’membrane’ 听起来像 ‘brain’，但可以把它想象成俱乐部门口的保安，只允许特定物质通过。
Chloroplast – found only in plant cells, it contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis. ‘Chloro-‘ means green, ‘plast’ suggests a body. Think of chloroplasts as green kitchen workshops that make food using sunlight.
叶绿体 (chloroplast) – 只存在于植物细胞，含有叶绿素进行光合作用。’chloro-‘ 表示绿色，’plast’ 表示体。把叶绿体想象成绿色的厨房车间，利用阳光制造养料。
Cell wall – a rigid outer layer in plant cells made of cellulose, giving support. It is outside the membrane, just like a brick wall around a garden. Remember: only plant cells have a cell wall.
细胞壁 (cell wall) – 植物细胞外由纤维素构成的坚韧外层，起支持作用。它在细胞膜外侧，就像花园周围的砖墙。记住：只有植物细胞有细胞壁。
4. States of Matter & Particles | 物质状态与粒子
Everything is made of particles. The way these particles are arranged decides if a substance is a solid, liquid or gas. The words melting, freezing, boiling, condensation and sublimation describe changes of state. Drawing particle diagrams is the best way to memorise these terms.
万物都由粒子构成。这些粒子的排列方式决定了物质是固体、液体还是气体。熔化、凝固、沸腾、冷凝和升华这些词描述了状态变化。画粒子图是记忆这些术语的最佳方法。
Solid – particles are packed tightly in a regular pattern and can only vibrate in place. Think ‘solid as a soldier standing still’. Solids have a fixed shape and volume.
固体 (solid) – 粒子紧密排列成规则图案，只能在原地振动。联想 ‘solid as a soldier’ (像士兵一样站得笔直)。固体有固定的形状和体积。
Liquid – particles are close together but can slide past each other, taking the shape of the container. The word sounds like ‘lick-wid’ – picture a cat lapping milk, which takes the shape of the bowl.
液体 (liquid) – 粒子互相靠近但可以滑动，呈现容器的形状。这个词听起来像 ‘lick-wid’，想象一只猫舔食牛奶，牛奶呈现碗的形状。
Gas – particles are far apart and move quickly in all directions, with no fixed shape or volume. Gas sounds like ‘gasp’ – when you gasp, air moves rapidly, just like gas particles.
气体 (gas) – 粒子相距很远，朝各个方向快速运动，没有固定形状和体积。’gas’ 和 ‘gasp’ (喘气) 相似，喘气时空气快速流动，就像气体粒子。
Melting – change from solid to liquid when heated. Think of an ice lolly melting in the sun. The melting point is the temperature at which this happens.
熔化 (melting) – 加热时从固体变为液体。想象一支冰棍在太阳下融化。熔点是发生熔化时的温度。
Condensation – change from gas to liquid when cooled. ‘Condensation’ has ‘dense’ in it – gas becomes denser into a liquid. Notice water droplets on a cold window.
冷凝 (condensation) – 冷却时气体变为液体。’condensation’ 里包含 ‘dense’ (密集)，气体变得更密成为液体。观察冷窗户上的水珠就能联想到冷凝。
5. Atoms, Elements & Compounds | 原子、元素与化合物
Chemistry begins with the idea that all materials are made from about 118 elements. An atom is the smallest particle of an element. Compounds form when elements chemically combine. You must recognise element symbols and everyday compounds like H₂O and CO₂.
化学始于这样一个概念：所有材料都由大约 118 种元素组成。原子是元素的最小粒子。当元素以化学方式结合时就形成化合物。你需要认识元素符号以及像 H₂O 和 CO₂ 这样的常见化合物。
Atom – the building block of all matter. Think ‘a-tom’ like ‘a tiny Tom’ – a really small character. Everything you touch is made of atoms. In equations we use symbols like O for oxygen, C for carbon.
原子 (atom) – 构成万物的基石。把 ‘a-tom’ 想象成 ‘a tiny Tom’，一个极小的人物。你触碰的一切都由原子构成。在方程式中我们用 O 代表氧、C 代表碳。
Element – a substance made of only one type of atom. Elements are listed on the Periodic Table. Remember: ‘element’ sounds like ‘elephant’, and an elephant is made of many atoms of elements like carbon and oxygen. For memory, link an element’s symbol to a picture: Gold = Au, imagine shouting ‘Ay, you! Gold!’
元素 (element) – 只由一种原子组成的物质。元素列在元素周期表上。’element’ 听起来像大象 (elephant)，大象由碳、氧等原子构成。记忆元素符号用联想：金 Au，想象喊 ‘Ay, you! Gold!’。
Compound – two or more different elements chemically bonded together. A compound has totally different properties from its elements. The word has ‘com-‘ (together) and ‘pound’ (put). Think of combining flour, eggs and sugar to make a cake – you cannot easily un-mix them, just like in a compound. Water is H₂O: two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen.
化合物 (compound) – 两种或以上不同元素通过化学键结合而成。化合物的性质与其组成元素完全不同。词里有 ‘com-‘ (共同) 和 ‘pound’ (放)。想象把面粉、鸡蛋和糖混合做成蛋糕，你无法轻易分开它们，这就像化合物。水是 H₂O：两个氢原子和一个氧原子结合。
Mixture – different substances combined but not chemically bonded. You can separate mixtures easily, like sand and salt. Remember: mixture = mixed but not fixed. A salad is a mixture.
混合物 (mixture) – 不同物质混合但未形成化学键。你可以轻易分离混合物，比如沙子和盐。记住：mixture = mixed but not fixed。一份沙拉就是混合物。
6. Forces & Motion | 力与运动
Forces are pushes and pulls that can change an object’s speed, direction or shape. In Year 7 you learn about friction, gravity, balanced and unbalanced forces. Relate each type of force to everyday experiences, such as pushing a supermarket trolley or dropping a ball.
力是能改变物体速度、方向或形状的推拉作用。Year 7 要学习摩擦力、重力、平衡力与非平衡力。把每种力与日常生活经验联系起来，比如推购物车或扔球。
Force – a push or a pull measured in newtons (N). The word ‘force’ reminds you of ‘power’, like the Force in Star Wars. It can make objects move, stop, or change shape.
力 (force) – 以牛顿 (N) 为单位度量的推或拉。’force’ 这个词让你联想到 ‘原力’，像星球大战里的力量。它能使物体运动、停止或改变形状。
Friction – a contact force that opposes motion between two surfaces. Think of ‘friction’ as ‘restriction’. Rub your hands together – the warmth you feel is caused by friction. Rough surfaces create more friction.
摩擦力 (friction) – 阻碍两个表面相对运动的接触力。把 ‘friction’ 看作 ‘restriction’ (限制)。搓一搓双手，感受到的热就是摩擦造成的。表面越粗糙，摩擦力越大。
Gravity – a non-contact force that pulls objects towards the centre of the Earth. ‘Gravity’ contains ‘grav’ as in grave, pulling down. Weight is the force of gravity on an object’s mass.
重力 (gravity) – 把物体拉向地球中心的非接触力。’gravity’ 含有 ‘grav’，像 gravity 使人感到沉重。重量是重力对物体质量的作用力。
Balanced forces – equal forces acting in opposite directions, causing no change in motion. A tug-of-war with both sides pulling equally shows balanced forces. The net force is zero.
平衡力 (balanced forces) – 大小相等方向相反的力，不引起运动变化。两边力量相等的拔河比赛就是平衡力。合力为零。
Unbalanced forces – forces that are not equal, causing a change in speed or direction. If one team pulls harder in tug-of-war, the rope moves. Unbalanced forces accelerate objects.
非平衡力 (unbalanced forces) – 大小不相等的力，导致速度或方向改变。如果拔河中一方用力更大，绳子就会移动。非平衡力使物体加速。
7. Energy Forms & Transfers | 能量形式与转换
Energy can be stored in different forms and can be transferred from one object to another. The main types you meet in Year 7 are kinetic, potential, thermal, light, sound and electrical energy. Many devices show energy transfers, like a torch turning chemical energy into light and heat.
能量能以不同形式储存，也可以从一个物体转移到另一个物体。你在 Year 7 遇到的主要类型有动能、势能、热能、光能、声能和电能。许多装置都能展示能量转移，比如手电筒把化学能转化为光和热。
Kinetic energy – the energy an object has because of its motion. ‘Kinetic’ sounds like ‘kinetic = moving’. A moving car, a spinning wind turbine and a running child all have kinetic energy. Remember: if it moves, it has kinetic energy.
动能 (kinetic energy) – 物体由于运动而具有的能量。’kinetic’ 听起来像 ‘运动的’。行驶的汽车、旋转的风力涡轮机和奔跑的孩子都具有动能。记住：只要运动，就有动能。
Potential energy – stored energy due to an object’s position or state. Gravitational potential energy is higher when an object is further off the ground. Think ‘potential’ as ‘it has the potential to fall’. A book on a high shelf stores potential energy.
势能 (potential energy) – 因位置或状态而储存的能量。重力势能在物体离地面越高时越大。’potential’ 理解为 ‘有下落的潜力’。高书架上的书储存了重力势能。
Energy transfer – when energy moves from one store to another. A battery-powered lamp: chemical energy in the battery → electrical energy in the wires → light energy + thermal energy. Use a simple arrow diagram to visualise the pathway.
能量转移 (energy transfer) – 能量从一个储存库转移到另一个的过程。比如电池灯：电池化学能 → 导线电能 → 光能 + 热能。用简单的箭头图帮助可视化转移路径。
Law of conservation of energy – energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred. The total amount of energy remains constant. Think of it as a money budget: you only move money around, but the total stays the same.
能量守恒定律 (law of conservation of energy) – 能量既不会凭空产生也不会消失，只会转移。能量总量保持不变。把它想象成财务预算：你只是把钱转来转去，但总数不变。
8. Acids & Alkalis | 酸与碱
Acids and alkalis are groups of chemicals with particular properties. You can test them using indicators like litmus paper. The pH scale tells you how acidic or alkaline a substance is. Neutralisation is a key reaction where an acid and alkali cancel each other out.
酸和碱是具有特殊性质的两类化学物质。你可以用石蕊试纸等指示剂来检测它们。pH 标度告诉你物质的酸碱度。中和反应是一个关键反应，酸和碱互相抵消。
Acid – a substance with a pH less than 7. Lemon juice and vinegar are common acids. Think of ‘acid’ as sharp or sour (the Latin root ‘acidus’). To remember the pH range, notice ‘A’ (acids = pH < 7).
酸 (acid) – pH 小于 7 的物质。柠檬汁和醋是常见的酸。把 ‘acid’ 和尖锐或酸味联系起来。用首字母 A 记忆 pH 范围：Acids = pH 低于 7。
Alkali – a soluble base with a pH greater than 7. Soap and baking soda are examples. ‘Alkali’ starts with ‘al’ – remember ‘alkali = all clean’, as many cleaning products are alkaline. Alkalis feel slippery and turn red litmus paper blue.
碱 (alkali) – 一种可溶性碱，pH 大于 7。肥皂和小苏打就是例子。’alkali’ 以 ‘al’ 开头，联想 ‘alkali = all clean’ (全部都干净)，因为许多清洁用品是碱性的。碱手感滑腻，能将红色石蕊试纸变为蓝色。
Neutralisation – a reaction where an acid and an alkali produce a salt and water. The general word equation is:
Acid + Alkali → Salt + Water
The word can be broken into ‘neutral’ + ‘isation’, meaning making something neutral (pH 7). Imagine an angry acid and an angry alkali shaking hands and becoming calm water and salt.
中和 (neutralisation) – 酸和碱反应生成盐和水。一般文字方程式是：
酸 + 碱 → 盐 + 水
‘neutralisation’ 可拆成 ‘neutral’ (中性) + ‘isation’，意思是使某物达到中性 (pH 7)。想象愤怒的酸和愤怒的碱握手言和，变成了平静的水和盐。
Indicator – a substance that changes colour in acid or alkali. Litmus paper turns red in acid and blue in alkali. Universal indicator gives a range of colours across the pH scale. Think of an indicator as a traffic light telling you if something is acidic (red), neutral (green) or alkaline (violet/blue).
指示剂 (indicator) – 在酸或碱中会变色的物质。石蕊试纸遇酸变红，遇碱变蓝。通用指示剂在 pH 标度上呈现一系列颜色。把指示剂想象成交通信号灯：红 (酸)、绿 (中性)、紫/蓝 (碱)。
9. Space & the Solar System | 太空与太阳系
Our solar system is a fascinating topic that introduces terms like orbit, planet, satellite and gravity. Learn the order of the planets from the Sun and understand why a year on different planets varies. A mnemonic can help you recall the planet sequence.
太阳系是一个迷人的主题，包含轨道、行星、卫星和引力等术语。记住行星离太阳近远的顺序，并理解为什么不同行星上的一年长短不同。一个记忆口诀能帮你回想行星顺序。
Orbit – the curved path of an object around a star, planet or moon. Picture a planet going ‘orbiting’ around the Sun – it sounds like an ‘orb’ moving in a circle. Earth’s orbit takes about 365 days.
轨道 (orbit) – 物体绕恒星、行星或月球运行的弯曲路径。想象行星绕太阳运行，’orbit’ 听起来像圆球 (orb) 在打转。地球绕日轨道大约需要 365 天。
Planet – a large celestial body that orbits a star and has cleared its orbital neighbourhood. Earth is a planet. The word comes from Greek ‘planētēs’ meaning wanderer. Forget Pluto – it is now classified as a dwarf planet.
行星 (planet) – 绕恒星运行并已清空其轨道附近区域的大型天体。地球是一颗行星。这个词源于希腊语 ‘planētēs’，意为漫游者。忘记冥王星吧——它现在被归为矮行星。
Satellite – any object that orbits a planet. The Moon is Earth’s natural satellite, while artificial satellites are used for communication. ‘Satellite’ sounds like ‘sat-ell-ite’ – think of a smaller body ‘sat’ around a larger one.
卫星 (satellite) – 围绕行星运行的任何物体。月亮是地球的天然卫星，而人造卫星用于通信。’satellite’ 发音让人联想到一个小天体 ‘sat’ (坐) 在大天体旁边。
Planet order mnemonic: My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Noodles – Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Stick to this sentence and you will never mix up the order.
行星顺序记忆口诀： My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Noodles ——水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星。记住这个句子，你就再也不会搞乱顺序了。
10. Reproduction in Plants & Animals | 动植物生殖
Reproduction is how living things produce offspring. In Year 7 you explore both sexual and asexual reproduction. Key terms include pollination, fertilisation, germination and gestation. Use simple drawings and life cycle diagrams to visualise each process.
生殖是生物产生后代的方式。Year 7 会学习有性生殖与无性生殖。关键术语包括传粉、受精、萌发和妊娠。用简单的图和生活史示意图来可视化每个过程。
Pollination – the transfer of pollen from the male part to the female part of a flower. Insects and wind help pollinate. Remember ‘pollination’ as ‘pollen’ + ‘nation’ – a nation of pollen grains traveling to flowers.
传粉 (pollination) – 花粉从花的雄性部分传到雌性部分的过程。昆虫和风帮助传粉。记住 ‘pollination’ 可以看作 ‘pollen’ + ‘nation’，一个花粉粒的国度在群花之间旅行。
Fertilisation – when the male gamete (pollen nucleus or sperm) fuses with the female gamete (ovule or egg). The word has ‘fertile’, meaning able to produce. In flowering plants, a pollen tube grows to deliver the male nucleus to the ovule.
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