📚 Year 7 CCEA Sociology: Quick Guide to Key Vocabulary | Year 7 CCEA 社会学：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your essential vocabulary companion for CCEA Year 7 Sociology. This guide breaks down key terms into simple English explanations and matching Chinese translations, each with a memory trick to help you learn faster. Whether you are building an understanding of culture, identity, or social control, mastering these words is the first step to thinking like a sociologist.
欢迎使用这本为 CCEA Year 7 社会学准备的必不可少的词汇指南。本指南将关键术语分解为简单的英文解释和对应的中文翻译，每个都附有一个记忆技巧，帮助你更快地学习。无论你是在建立对文化、身份或社会控制的理解，掌握这些词是像社会学家一样思考的第一步。
1. Society and Community | 社会与社区
Society: A large group of people who live in the same geographical area and share a common culture, laws, and institutions. Memory Tip: ‘So-ciety’ sounds like ‘So many cities’ united together.
社会：一大群居住在同一地理区域并共享共同文化、法律和制度的人。速记技巧：‘So-ciety’ 听起来像 ‘So many cities’（这么多城市）联合在一起。
Community: A smaller group within society, often bound by shared location, interests, or identity. Memory Tip: ‘Commu-nity’ – think ‘common unity’.
社区：社会内部的一个较小群体，通常由共同的地点、兴趣或身份联系在一起。速记技巧：‘Commu-nity’ —— 联想 ‘common unity’（共同的团结）。
2. Culture | 文化
Culture: The entire way of life of a society or group, including language, beliefs, customs, fashion, food, and music. Memory Tip: ‘Cult-ure’ – like an agar ‘culture’ in a lab, it grows everything that defines a group.
文化：一个社会或群体的全部生活方式，包括语言、信仰、习俗、时尚、食物和音乐。速记技巧：‘Cult-ure’ —— 就像实验室里的培养皿，培养出定义一个群体的一切。
Subculture: A group within a culture that has its own distinct norms and values while still belonging to the larger culture. Memory Tip: ‘Sub’ means under or smaller – a smaller culture within a culture.
亚文化：文化内部的一个群体，拥有自己独特的规范和价值观，同时仍属于更大的文化。速记技巧：‘Sub’ 表示下面或更小 —— 文化中的一个小文化。
3. Norms and Values | 规范与价值观
Norms: Unwritten rules of behaviour that are considered typical and acceptable in a society. Memory Tip: ‘Norms’ sounds like ‘normal’ – what people normally do.
规范：社会中被视为典型和可接受的不成文行为规则。速记技巧：‘Norms’ 听起来像 ‘normal’（正常的）—— 人们通常做的事情。
Values: Deeply held beliefs about what is right, wrong, good, and desirable. Memory Tip: ‘Values’ – what you value most shows your true colours.
价值观：关于对错、好坏和可取性的深植信念。速记技巧：‘Values’ —— 你最看重的东西展现你的本色。
Beliefs: Ideas that people hold to be true, which may be religious, philosophical, or scientific. Memory Tip: Be-lief – ‘I believe’.
信仰/信念：人们认为是真实的想法，可能是宗教的、哲学的或科学的。速记技巧：Be-lief —— ‘I believe’（我相信）。
4. Socialisation | 社会化
Socialisation: The lifelong process of learning the norms, values, and behaviours needed to participate in society. Memory Tip: Social + isation – being made social, learning to be a member of society.
社会化：学习参与社会所需的规范、价值观和行为的终身过程。速记技巧：Social + isation —— 被塑造为社交的，学习成为社会的一员。
Primary socialisation: Socialisation that happens in early childhood, mainly within the family. Memory Tip: Primary = first, just like primary school comes first.
初级社会化：发生在幼儿期，主要是在家庭内部的社会化。速记技巧：Primary = 第一，就像小学先来一样。
Secondary socialisation: Socialisation that continues throughout life via school, peers, media, and religion. Memory Tip: Secondary = second stage, after primary.
次级社会化：通过学校、同伴、媒体和宗教持续一生的社会化。速记技巧：Secondary = 第二阶段，在初级之后。
5. Identity and Self-Concept | 身份与自我概念
Identity: How we see ourselves and how others see us. It includes personal, social, and cultural dimensions. Memory Tip: ‘I-dentity’ – your answer to ‘Who am I?’
身份：我们如何看待自己以及他人如何看待我们。它包括个人、社会和文化维度。速记技巧：‘I-dentity’ —— 你对 ‘Who am I?’（我是谁？）的回答。
Self-concept: The collection of ideas and feelings a person has about their own attributes and abilities. Memory Tip: Self-concept = the concept you have of yourself, like a mirror in your mind.
自我概念：一个人对自己的属性和能力所拥有的全部想法和感受。速记技巧：自我概念 = 你对自己的概念，就像你脑海里的一面镜子。
Status: A person’s social position, which can be ascribed (given at birth) or achieved (earned). Memory Tip: ‘Status’ – think of your status in a game, sometimes given, sometimes earned.
地位：一个人的社会位置，可以是先赋的（出生时赋予）或自致的（赢得的）。速记技巧：‘Status’ —— 想想你在游戏中的地位，有时是赋予的，有时是赢得的。
6. Roles and Role Conflict | 角色与角色冲突
Role: The pattern of behaviour expected of someone who holds a particular status. Memory Tip: Like a role in a play – you have lines and actions expected of you.
角色：对拥有特定地位的人所期望的行为模式。速记技巧：就像戏剧中的角色 —— 你有预期要说的台词和行动。
Role conflict: A situation where a person faces incompatible demands from two or more roles they hold. Memory Tip: Conflict = clash, like when your role as a student clashes with your role as a friend.
角色冲突：一个人面对来自其所担任的两个或多个角色的互不相容的要求的情况。速记技巧：冲突 = 碰撞，就像你作为学生的角色与你作为朋友的角色发生冲突时。
7. Social Control | 社会控制
Social control: The methods used by society to ensure people follow norms and values. Memory Tip: ‘Control’ – society keeps behaviour in check, like a remote control.
社会控制：社会用来确保人们遵守规范和价值观的方法。速记技巧：‘Control’ —— 社会控制行为，就像遥控器一样。
Formal social control: Control carried out by official agencies such as police, courts, and schools, using written rules and laws.
正式社会控制：由官方机构，如警察、法院和学校，使用成文规则和法律进行的控制。
Informal social control: Control exercised through everyday interactions, such as peer pressure, gossip, or praise.
非正式社会控制：通过日常互动实施的控制，如同伴压力、流言蜚语或赞扬。
8. Stratification and Inequality | 分层与不平等
Social stratification: The division of society into layers (strata) based on factors like class, age, gender, or ethnicity. Memory Tip: Strat-ification – think of strata, like layers of rock in geology.
社会分层：根据阶级、年龄、性别或种族等因素将社会划分为不同层次（地层）。速记技巧：Strat-ification —— 联想 strata（地层），就像地质学中的岩层。
Inequality: The unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and rewards in society. Memory Tip: In-equality – not equal, like an unbalanced scale.
不平等：社会中资源、机会和奖励的不平等分配。速记技巧：In-equality —— 不相等，像一个不平衡的天平。
Social class: A group of people sharing a similar economic position, often measured by occupation, income, and wealth.
社会阶级：共享相似经济地位的一群人，通常由职业、收入和财富来衡量。
9. Family and Household | 家庭与住户
Family: A group of people related by blood, marriage, or adoption who typically live together and support each other. Memory Tip: Family – ‘Fam’ is close, people you can rely on.
家庭：由血缘、婚姻或收养关系联系并通常共同生活、相互支持的一群人。速记技巧：Family —— ‘Fam’ 是亲密的，你可以依靠的人。
Nuclear family: A family unit consisting of two parents and their children. Memory Tip: Nuclear = core, like the nucleus of an atom.
核心家庭：由父母双方及其子女组成的家庭单位。速记技巧：Nuclear = 核心，像原子核一样。
Extended family: A family that includes relatives beyond the nuclear family, such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles.
扩展家庭：包括核心家庭以外的亲戚，如祖父母、姑姑和叔叔的家庭。
10. Education and Formal Curriculum | 教育与正式课程
Formal curriculum: The planned programme of subjects and lessons taught in schools. Memory Tip: Formal = official, like a formal letter with a plan.
正式课程：学校中教学的计划科目和课程的方案。速记技巧：正式 = 官方的，像一封有计划的形式信函。
Hidden curriculum: The unwritten, unofficial lessons learned in school, such as obedience, punctuality, and competition. Memory Tip: Hidden – not in the timetable, but you still learn it.
隐性课程：在学校中学到的不成文的、非正式的课程，如服从、守时和竞争。速记技巧：隐藏的 —— 不在课程表上，但你仍然在学。
Peer group: A group of people of similar age and status who influence each other’s attitudes and behaviour.
同伴群体：一群年龄和地位相似、相互影响彼此态度和行为的人。
11. Media and Representation | 媒体与再现
Mass media: Forms of communication that reach large audiences, including television, radio, newspapers, and the internet. Memory Tip: Mass = massive audiences, media = medium of communication.
大众媒体：触及大量受众的传播形式，包括电视、广播、报纸和互联网。速记技巧：Mass = 大量受众，media = 传播媒介。
Representation: The way groups, events, or issues are portrayed by the media, which may shape public perception. Memory Tip: Re-presentation – presenting reality again, sometimes with a twist.
再现：媒体对群体、事件或议题的描绘方式，可能塑造公众认知。速记技巧：Re-presentation —— 再次呈现现实，有时带有扭曲。
12. Research Methods Basics | 研究方法基础
Primary data: Information collected directly by the researcher for a specific purpose, such as through interviews or questionnaires. Memory Tip: Primary = first-hand, you collect it yourself.
初级数据：由研究者直接为特定目的收集的信息，例如通过访谈或问卷。速记技巧：Primary = 第一手，你自己收集的。
Secondary data: Information that already exists, having been collected by someone else, such as official statistics or documents.
次级数据：已经存在的信息，由他人收集，例如官方统计资料或文件。
Ethical considerations: Moral principles that guide research, such as consent, confidentiality, and avoiding harm. Memory Tip: Ethics – think ‘ethic-al’ like ‘ethical behaviour’, doing the right thing.
伦理考量：指导研究的道德原则，如同意、保密和避免伤害。速记技巧：Ethics —— 联想 ‘ethical behaviour’（伦理行为），做正确的事。
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