📚 Year 7 CCEA Statistics: Vocabulary Quick-Memory Guide | 七年级CCEA统计：词汇术语速记指南
Statistics in Year 7 introduces a whole new language – from averages to charts, each term has a specific job. This guide groups key vocabulary by theme, adding a memory trick or ‘hook’ for every term so you can recall them quickly in class or during a test. You will also see how the words connect across the CCEA curriculum: data handling, averages, and diagrams all work together.
七年级的统计学引入了一套全新的语言——从平均数到图表，每个术语都有特定作用。本指南将核心词汇按主题分组，为每个术语添加记忆诀窍或“钩子”，让你在课上或考试时能快速回忆。你还会看到这些词汇如何在CCEA课程中相互关联：数据处理、平均数和图表协同工作。
1. Data & Raw Data | 数据与原始数据
Data is the collective name for pieces of information. Think of ‘data’ as the plural of ‘datum’, though in school we just say ‘data’. Raw data is data that has not been sorted, grouped, or organised – it is still in the exact order it was collected. Picture raw vegetables straight from the soil; they need cleaning and chopping before cooking. Raw data needs to be organised before we can make sense of it.
数据是信息的集合名称。虽然“data”是“datum”的复数，但在学校里我们只说“data”。原始数据是指未经过排序、分组或整理的数据——它仍保持收集时的原始顺序。想象一下直接从土里拔出来的生蔬菜，烹饪前需要清洗和切块。原始数据需要整理才能让我们理解。
Memory hook: Raw = Rough As We-collected. The letters R, A, W remind you that raw data is still Rough and untouched.
记忆钩子：Raw = Rough As We-collected。字母R、A、W提示你原始数据还是粗糙的、未经加工的。
2. Frequency & Tally | 频数与划记
Frequency tells you how often something happens. In a survey about favourite fruits, if 8 people chose ‘apple’, the frequency of apple is 8. A tally is a way of counting using groups of five strokes: four vertical lines and a fifth diagonal line crossing them (like a gate). Tallies make counting faster and reduce mistakes.
频数告诉你某件事发生的次数。在一项关于最喜欢的水果的调查中，如果有8人选择“苹果”，苹果的频数就是8。划记是一种用五个笔画为一组进行计数的方法：四条竖线，第五条斜线穿过它们（像一道门）。划记使计数更快并减少错误。
Memory hook: Tally sounds like ‘valley’. Imagine walking down a valley and marking a line on a stick every five steps. The gate shape 卌 looks like a little fenced valley.
记忆钩子：Tally读音类似“valley”（山谷）。想象你走下一个山谷，每五步在棍子上划一道线。那个“卌”形的栅栏看起来就像一个小小的围起来的山谷。
3. Mean (Arithmetic Average) | 平均数（算术平均）
The mean is what most people call the ‘average’. Add up all the values and then divide by how many values there are. For example, the mean of 3, 7 and 5 is (3+7+5) ÷ 3 = 5. The mean can be a decimal even if all your original data are whole numbers.
平均数就是大多数人所说的“平均”。把所有数值加起来，然后除以数值的个数。例如，3、7和5的平均数是(3+7+5) ÷ 3 = 5。即使原始数据都是整数，平均数也可以是小数。
Memory hook: Mean shares its first letter with ‘measure’ and ‘middle’ (though not exactly the middle). Think Mean = Measure of the centre when sharing equally.
记忆钩子：Mean的首字母和“measure（衡量）”以及“middle（中间）”一样（虽然不完全一样）。想一想 Mean = 平均分享时的中心度量。
4. Median (The Middle Value) | 中位数
The median is the middle number when you put all values in order from smallest to largest. If there is an even number of values, the median is the mean of the two middle numbers. The median is not affected by extremely high or low values, so it is often used for things like house prices or incomes.
中位数是将所有数值按从小到大的顺序排列后中间的那个数。如果有偶数个数值，中位数就是中间两个数的平均数。中位数不受极高或极低数值的影响，因此常用于房价或收入等数据。
Memory hook: Median sounds like ‘medium’ – think of a medium-sized shirt that sits right between small and large. Also, the word ‘median’ contains the word ‘mid’.
记忆钩子：Median听起来像“medium”（中号）——想象一件中号衬衫，正好介于小号和大号之间。而且，“median”这个单词里包含“mid”（中间）。
5. Mode (Most Common Value) | 众数
The mode is the value that appears most often. A set of data can have one mode, more than one mode (bimodal or multimodal), or no mode at all if every value appears only once. The mode is the only average that works for non‑numerical data, like favourite colours.
众数是出现次数最多的数值。一组数据可以有一个众数、多个众数（双众数或多众数），或者如果没有数值重复出现，就没有众数。众数是唯一适用于非数值型数据（如最喜欢的颜色）的平均数。
Memory hook: Mode and ‘most’ both start with ‘mo’. The mode is the Most Often occurring Data Element. MO-DE.
记忆钩子：Mode和“most（最多）”都以“mo”开头。众数就是出现最频繁的数据元素（Most Often Data Element）。
6. Range (Spread of Data) | 极差（数据离散程度）
The range measures how spread out the data is. Subtract the smallest value from the largest value. A small range means the data are tightly bunched together; a large range means they are more spread out. Range gives a quick sense of consistency.
极差衡量数据的分散程度。用最大值减去最小值。极差小意味着数据紧密聚集；极差大意味着数据比较分散。极差可以快速反映一致性。
Memory hook: Think of a mountain range – the distance from the lowest valley to the highest peak. So, range = highest minus lowest.
记忆钩子：想想山脉（mountain range）——从最低的山谷到最高峰的距离。所以，极差 = 最大值减最小值。
7. Primary Data & Secondary Data | 一手数据与二手数据
Primary data is information you collect yourself, for your own specific purpose. Examples: conducting a traffic survey, measuring plant growth in a science experiment. Secondary data is information somebody else has already collected, like census data, weather records, or statistics from a website. You need to check if secondary data is reliable and up to date.
一手数据是你为了自己的特定目的亲自收集的信息。例如：进行交通调查、在科学实验中测量植物生长。二手数据是别人已经收集好的信息，比如人口普查数据、天气记录或网站上的统计数据。你需要检查二手数据是否可靠且是最新的。
Memory hook: Primary = Personal, you are the first. Secondary = Shared, somebody else was first.
记忆钩子：Primary（一手）= 个人的（Personal），你是第一个。Secondary（二手）= 共享的（Shared），别人是第一个。
8. Discrete Data & Continuous Data | 离散数据与连续数据
Discrete data can only take specific, separate values – often whole numbers. Examples: number of students in a class, shoe size, goals scored in a match. Continuous data can take any value within a range; it is measured, not counted. Examples: height, mass, time, temperature. Continuous data can be any number, including decimals.
离散数据只能取特定的、分开的值——通常是整数。例如：班级里的学生人数、鞋码、一场比赛的进球数。连续数据可以在一个范围内取任意值；它是测量出来的，不是数出来的。例如：身高、质量、时间、温度。连续数据可以是任何数值，包括小数。
Memory hook: Discrete guitar notes are separate plucks; Continuous violin bowing can glide smoothly between pitches. Discrete = distinct dots; Continuous = connected curve.
记忆钩子：离散的吉他音符是分开的拨弦；连续的小提琴运弓可以在音高间平滑滑动。离散 = 分明的点；连续 = 相连的曲线。
9. Pictogram (Picture Chart) | 象形图
A pictogram uses simple pictures or symbols to represent data. Each picture stands for a certain number of items. A key must be shown to tell you what one symbol represents. Pictograms are eye‑catching but can be tricky when you need to show half or part of a symbol for smaller amounts.
象形图使用简单的图画或符号来表示数据。每个图画代表一定数量的项目。必须显示图例来说明一个符号代表什么。象形图很引人注目，但当需要用半个或部分符号表示较少数额时可能会比较棘手。
Memory hook: ‘Picto’ looks like ‘picture’. A picture says more than a thousand words – but remember to check the key!
记忆钩子：“Picto”看起来像“picture”（图画）。一图胜千言——但别忘了查看图例！
10. Bar Chart & Bar-Line Chart | 条形图与折线条形图
A bar chart uses rectangular bars of equal width to show frequencies. The bars can be vertical or horizontal, and there are gaps between the bars. The height (or length) of each bar represents the frequency. A bar‑line chart replaces the bars with thick lines standing on the base – just the outline of the bar, which can make trends easier to see.
条形图使用宽度相等的矩形条来表示频数。条可以是垂直的或水平的，并且条与条之间有间隙。每个条的高度（或长度）代表频数。折线条形图用粗线代替条形，竖立在基线上——就是条的外轮廓，这样更容易看出趋势。
Memory hook: Bar is a solid block (like a chocolate bar). Bar‑line is a thin stick (like a pencil line standing up). Remember gaps – bars do not touch like in a hug, they are socially distanced!
记忆钩子：条形是实心的块（像巧克力棒）。折线条形是细细的棍子（像竖起来的铅笔线）。记住间隙——条不互相接触，它们保持社交距离！
11. Pie Chart & Sector | 饼图与扇形
A pie chart is a circle divided into sectors that look like slices of a pie. Each sector angle represents a proportion of the total. The full circle is 360°, and the size of each sector is calculated by (frequency ÷ total frequency) × 360°. The sector is the ‘slice’, and the angle at the centre is the sector angle.
饼图是一个被分成若干扇形的圆，看起来像馅饼的切片。每个扇形的角度代表总数的一部分。整个圆是360°，每个扇形的大小通过（频数 ÷ 总频数）× 360°来计算。扇形就是那片“切片”，圆心处的角就是扇形角。
Memory hook: Pie sounds like pi (π), but here it’s just a tasty circle. To remember 360°, think of a whole pizza: 360 degrees of deliciousness. A sector is a section of the circle – ‘sec’ in both words.
记忆钩子：Pie听起来像π，但这里只是一个美味的圆。要记住360°，就想象一整个披萨：360°的美味。扇形（sector）是圆的截面（section）——两个单词都有“sec”。
12. Sample & Population | 样本与总体
The population is the entire group you want to find out about – every single member. A sample is a smaller group selected from the population. Because it is often impossible to ask or measure everyone, you take a sample that should represent the whole population fairly. If the sample is biased, your results won’t be trustworthy.
总体是你想了解的全部群体——每一个成员。样本是从总体中选出的一个较小的群体。因为通常不可能询问或测量所有人，你需要抽取一个能公平代表整个总体的样本。如果样本有偏差，你的结果就不可信。
Memory hook: Population is the whole pie, sample is a slice. The sample must be mixed just like the whole pie, not just the crust.
记忆钩子：总体是整个馅饼，样本是一片。样本必须像整个馅饼一样是混合的，不能只是饼皮。
Published by TutorHao | Statistics Revision Series | aleveler.com
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